CUBISM
Jong Ho Chong
Basic History of
Cubism
1. Place
2. Timeline
3. Definition
Place
Paris
Timeline
• Early Cubism or Cézannisme (1907-1910)
• Analytic Cubism (1910-1912)
• Synthetic Cubism (1912- 1914)
• Late Cubism (1915- Present)
Definition
• A movement in art
• in which perspective with a single viewpoint
was abandoned (simultaneity)
• Made of simple geometric shapes
(geometricity)
• interlocking planes, and, later, collage
(passage)
What makes an
artwork “Cubism”
1. Simultaneity
2. Geometricity
3. Passage
Simultaneity
• Having Various Views on objects in picture
• Developed from the desire of depicting a
three-dimensional objects
• Examples)
- The Table by Georges Braque
- Le Jour by Georges Braque
Example of Simultaneity
The Table
Braque, Georges, The Table 1928 oil on canvas 81.3 x
130.8 cm, Chester Dale Collection,
http://arthistory.about.com/od/from_exhibitions/ig/
chester_dale_collection/cdc_nga_2010-11_78.htm,
September 15, 2013
Le Jour
Braque, Georges, Le Jour 1929 oil on canvas 81.3 x
130.8 cm, Chester Dale Collection,
http://arthistory.about.com/od/from_exhibitions/ig/
chester_dale_collection/cdc_nga_2010-11_80.htm,
September 15, 2013
Geometricity
• Having simple shapes to make an artwork
• Developed from desire for abstract art
• Examples)
- Girl with a Mandolin by Pablo Picasso
- Portrait of Ambroise Vollard
by Pablo Picasso
Example of Geometricity
Girl with a Mandolin
Portrait of Ambroise Vallord
Picasso, Pablo, Girl With a Mandolin 1910 Oil on
canvas,100.3cm x73.6cm Museum of Modern Art,
http://www.arthistoryarchive.com/arthistory/cubism
/, September 15, 2013
Picasso, Pablo, Portrait of Ambroise Vallord 1910 Oil
on canvas,92cm x65cm Pushkin Museum of Fine Art,
http://www.arthistoryarchive.com/arthistory/cubism
/, September 15, 2013
Passage
• Objects penetrating other objects
• Desire from showing various angles in drawing
• Examples)
- Chair Caning by Pablo Picasso
- Violin and Glass by Juan Gris
Example of Passage
Chair Caning
Violin and Glass
Picasso, Pablo, Chair Caning 1912 Oil on canvas,27cm
x35cm Musee Picasso,
http://www.artchive.com/artchive/P/picasso/chairca
n.jpg.html, September 15, 2013
Gris, Juan, Violin and Glass 1915 Oil on canvas,92cm
x60cm Fogg Art Museum,
http://www.pixel77.com/the-influence-of-art-historyon-modern-design-cubism/, September 15, 2013
How did Cubism
Originate
1. Development of Camera
2. Radical Approach
• “New way of seeing”
Development of Camera
• From 1870-1910, development of technology
• Realistic Artworks
- replaced with photographs
• New kinds of art works were
needed for Radical Approach
Radical Approach
• “New way of seeing”
- expand the field of art
• Geometricity – various objects
• Simultaneity – various views
• Passage – objects penetrating other objects
Who is responsible for
the birth of Cubism
1. Paul Cézanne
2. Pablo Picasso
3. Georges Braque
Paul Cézanne
• January 19th, 1839 - October 22nd, 1906
• French Painter who influenced Cubism
• 3 major characteristics of his paintings
• Passage, Geometricity, Stimultaneity
• Early Cubism is called Cézannisme
Comparison Between the artwork of
Cézanne’s and Picasso’s
Paul Cézanne
Cézanne, Paul, Still Life with Basket of Apples 1895
Oil on canvas, 65 cm x 80 cm Art institute of Chicago,
http://www.paul-cezanne.org/Still-Life-with-Basketof-Apples.html, September 15, 2013
Pablo Picasso
Picasso,Pablo, Still Life with Biscuits1924
Oil with sand on canvas; 80.8 x 100.4 cm
The Cleveland Museum of Art,
http://cleveland.about.com/od/artmuseumsandgalleri
es1/ig/From-Monet-to-Picasso/Still-Life-withBiscuits.htm, September 15, 2013
Pablo Picasso
• October 25th, 1881 – April 8th, 1973
• Spanish Painter
• Co-founder of Cubism
• Famous Paintings
- Les desmoiselles d’Avignon
- Guernica
Artwork of Picasso
Les Desmoiselles d’Avignon
Guernica
Picasso, Pablo, Les Desmoiselles d’Avignon 1907 Oil
on canvas,243.9cm x233.7cm Museum of Modern
Art, http://www.pablopicasso.org/avignon.jsp,
September 15, 2013
Picasso, Pablo, Guernica 1937 Oil on canvas,349cm
x776cm Musio Reina Sofia,
http://www.pablopicasso.org/guernica.jsp,
September 15, 2013
Georges Braque
• May 13th 1882 – August 31st 1963
• French Painter
• Co-founder of Cubism
• Famous Paintings
- Bottle and Fishes (Bouteille et Poissons)
- Le bougeoir (The Candlestick)
Artwork of Braque
Bottle and Fishes
Braque, Georges, Bottle and Fishes 1910,61.9cm
x74.9cm Tate Gallery,
http://www.bbc.co.uk/arts/yourpaintings/paintings/
bottle-and-fishes-bouteille-et-poissons-197983,
September 15, 2013
Le bougeoir
Braque, Georges, Le bougeoir 1911,49.2cm x38.2cm
Tate Gallery,
http://www.bbc.co.uk/arts/yourpaintings/paintings/l
e-bougeoir-the-candlestick-211173, September 15,
2013
Two styles of
Cubism
1. Analytical Cubism
2. Synthetic Cubism
Analytical Cubism
(1910-1912)
• Developed in 1909-1910 Winter
• “Analyzed” natural parts in geometric shape
• Many different view points
• Fragmented images unified
• Limited colors – Earth Tone or Magnetized
Synthetic Cubism
(1912-1914)
• Developed around 1912
• Overlapping planes
• “Collage” – Interpenetration
• Colorful
• Fragments of everything
• Newspaper, paper cards Cigarette Packs
Comparing Analytic &
Synthetic Cubism
Analytic Cubism
Synthetic Cubism
• 1910-1912
• 1912-1914
• Followed a standard form
• Did not have a standard form
• Picasso & Braque
• Picasso & Braque
• Painting itself
• Collage
• Dull Colors
• Colorful
Compare with Pictures
Analytic Cubism
Artworks
Accordionist - Picasso
Picasso, Pablo,Accordionist 1911, Oil on Canvas 130cm
x89.5cm, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum
http://www.thegreatgodpanisdead.com/2013/05/picass
os-1911-accordionist-some-related.html, September 15,
BACK
The Portuguese- Braque
Braque, George, The Portuguese 1911 Oil on
Canvas,119cm x81cm, Kunstmuseum Basel
http://www.abcgallery.com/B/braque/braque138
.html, September 15, 2013
Synthetic Cubism
BACK
Artworks
Three Musicians- Picasso
Picasso, Pablo, Three Musicians 1921 Oil on
Canvas,205cm x188cm, Museum of Modern Art
http://www.pablopicasso.org/threemusicians.jspl, September 15, 2013
Guitar - Braque
Braque, George, Guitar 1919 Oil on Canvas,61cm
x116.2cm, Private Collection
http://www.goodreads.com/topic/show/1116883
-cubism, September 15, 2013
Comparing Artworks
Accordionist - Picasso
Picasso, Pablo,Accordionist 1911, Oil on Canvas 130cm
x89.5cm, Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum
http://www.thegreatgodpanisdead.com/2013/05/picass
os-1911-accordionist-some-related.html, September 15,
Chair Caning
Picasso, Pablo, Chair Caning 1912 Oil on canvas,27cm
x35cm Musee Picasso,
http://www.artchive.com/artchive/P/picasso/chairca
n.jpg.html, September 15, 2013
How did Cubism
revolutionize the art world
1. Broke Traditional Rules
2. Revolution of Collage
3. Evolution to different art
movements
Broke Traditional Rules
• Depicting Objects in New Ways
• Realistic Shapes  Geometric Shapes
• Depicting Objects in more than one angle
• 2-dimension  3~4 dimensional shapes
Revolution of Collage
• Collage had evolved from Synthetic Cubism
• Pasting Fragments of various things
• Assemblage of different objects
• Interpenetration of art works
Evolution to Different Art
Movements
• Futurism (1909-1914)
• Orphism (1910-1913)
• Vorticism (1914-1915)
• Constructivism (1919-1932)
• Purism (1920-1925)
THANK YOU
Bibliography
•
The Art Story.org - Your Guide to Modern Art." Cubism Movement, Artists and Major Works. Art
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"
• "Cubism - The First Style of Abstract Art." Cubism. Artyfactory, n.d. Web. 15 Sept. 2013.
<http://www.artyfactory.com/art_appreciation/art_movements/cubism.htm>.
• "Cubism." Cubism. Central School PTO, n.d. Web. 15 Sept. 2013.
<http://www.centralptonews.org/CESCAP/Art Terms/cubism.htm>.
• Gersh-Nesic, Beth. "Art History Definition: Analytic Cubism." About.com Art History. N.p., n.d.
Web. 15 Sept. 2013. <http://arthistory.about.com/od/glossary_a/a/a_analytic_cubism.htm>.
• Gersh-Nesic, Beth. "Art History Definition: Synthetic Cubism." About.com Art History. N.p., n.d.
Web. 15 Sept. 2013. <http://arthistory.about.com/od/glossary_s/a/s_synthetic_cubism.htm>.
• Gersh-Nesic, Beth. "Cubism - Art History 101 Basics." About.com Art History. N.p., n.d. Web. 15
Sept. 2013. <http://arthistory.about.com/od/modernarthistory/a/cubism_10one.htm>.
• "cubism". Oxford Dictionaries. Oxford University Press, n.d. Web. 15 September 2013.
<http://oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/cubism>.