Tudor Dynasty
• Tudor Dynasty began with Henry VII.
– Won the War of the Roses.
• Son, Henry VIII broke with the Catholic
Church and started the Anglican Church.
Married to:
– Katherine of Aragon (divorced), mother of
Mary I.
– Anne Boleyn (executed), mother of Elizabeth.
– Jane Seymour (died), mother of Edward VI.
– Anne of Cleves (marriage anulled).
– Catherine Howard (executed).
– Catherine Parr (outlived Henry VIII).
Henry VII
Henry VIII
Katherine of Aragon
Anne Boleyn
Jane Seymour
Anne of Cleves
Catherine Howard
Catherine Parr
• Henry VIII died, and son Edward VI ruled
for a few years, but died of illness.
• Henry VIII’s oldest daughter became
Queen Mary I.
– Known as Bloody Mary.
• Mary was Catholic, and tried to re-convert
Protestant England.
– Executed over 300 Anglican leaders, but
failed to bring back Catholicism.
• Died in 1558.
Mary I (Bloody Mary)
• Henry VIII’s second daughter became
Queen Elizabeth I.
• Protestant, but did not harass Catholics.
• Great queen and beloved by her people.
• Led the Renaissance in England; called
the Elizabethan Age.
• Never married, no kids.
– “I am married to England.”
• Ruled 43 years.
Elizabeth I
Phillip II v. Elizabeth I
“The Spanish Armada”
• Elizabeth’s closest relative was Mary,
Queen of Scots.
• Mary was Catholic.
– Was kicked off her throne in Scotland, and
fled to England.
– Elizabeth held her prisoner.
– Mary plotted to overthrow Elizabeth, so
Elizabeth was forced to execute her.
Mary, Queen of Scots
Stuart Dynasty
• When Elizabeth died, Mary Queen of
Scots’ son became King James I.
– Start of the Stuart Dynasty.
• Best known for authorizing the King James
Bible.
• Not a popular ruler.
James I
• James I died, and his son became King
Charles I.
• Tried hard to become an absolute
monarch.
• Dismissed Parliament.
• Tried to force Anglican Church on nonAnglicans in England, Scotland, Ireland.
– Led to huge rebellion in Scotland.
• Charles I was defeated twice.
– Forced to recall Parliament.
Charles I
• Charles I was hated.
– Led to a division of the people.
• Cavaliers, or Royalists, supported king.
• Roundheads, or Puritans, opposed king.
– Led by Oliver Cromwell.
• English Civil War broke out.
– Puritans under Cromwell won.
– Charles I arrested and executed.
• Cromwell ended monarchy, and declared
England a commonwealth (republic).
Oliver Cromwell
• Cromwell was unpopular.
– Died, and son took over.
– Parliament invited Charles I’s son to return
from exile and become King Charles II.
– Called the Restoration.
• Charles II was a popular ruler. (“The Merry
Monarch”)
• Had no children.
• Died, his brother James II became king.
Charles II
James II
• James II was Catholic.
– Half of Parliament (Tories) supported James.
– Half of Parliament (Whigs) opposed him.
• James II wanted total power.
– Parliament united in opposition.
• Parliament invited James II’s daughter
Mary and her husband William to take the
throne.
– James II was forced to step down.
• King William III and Queen Mary II.
– Called the Glorious Revolution.
King William III
Queen Mary II
William and Mary
• William and Mary signed the English Bill
of Rights.
– Created a Constitutional Monarchy.
• Monarchs and people ruled together.
• Gave up many powers that earlier monarchs had.
– Monarch could not make or abolish laws, and
had to follow laws.
– Protected the rights of citizens.
• William and Mary also signed the Act of
Union.
– United England and Scotland into one
country.
– United Kingdom.
Act of Union
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Cross of St. George
Flag of Scotland
Flag of United Kingdom
Flag of Wales
+
=
• When William and Mary died, Mary’s sister
became Queen Anne.
• Anne was popular, but not a great ruler.
– Did not do much.
• Anne died with no heirs.
• James I’s great-grandson became King
George I.
– Start of Hanoverian Dynasty.
• German, not English.
Queen Anne
• Hanoverians were unpopular rulers.
• George I spoke only German, and was very stiff
and formal.
• George II was also very formal, and died on the
toilet.
• George III lost the American colonies and
suffered from madness.
• George IV was only interested in drinking and
gambling.
• William IV was a good ruler and reformed the
government and labor laws.
– When he died, Victoria became Queen.
George I
George II
George III
George IV
William IV
Parliament
Current Queen Elizabeth II
Addressing Parliament
Tudor
Henry VII – Margaret
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Arthur
Margaret
Henry VIII – Katherine – Mary I
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- Anne – Elizabeth I
_______ _______ ___|
- Jane – Edward VI
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- Anne
Marie
- Catherine
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- Catherine
Mary, Queen of Scots
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Edward VI
Mary I
Elizabeth I
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----------------James I Stuart
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Charles I-------|
ENGLISH CIVIL WAR |
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Elizabeth
Charles II ------|
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James II
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Sophia
William III & Mary II
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\
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Anne
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Sophia
Anne
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George I Hanover
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George II
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George III
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George IV
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William IV
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Victoria – Albert Saxe-Coburg-Gotha
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Edward VII
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George V Windsor
(WWII)
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George VI--------Edward VIII (abdicated) – Wallis Simpson
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Elizabeth II
Charles III or William V?