현재완료
 정의
과거에 벌어진 일이나 사건이 현재시점까지 영향을 준다는
사실을 알리기 위해 사용하는 시제이다.
현재까지의 시간
과거
현재
형태
1
현재완료 긍정형 : 주어 + have / has + 과거분사
Mary isn't here.
She has just left.
2
현재완료 부정형 : 주어 + have /has + not + 과거분사
I haven't seen her since 1983.
3
현재완료 의문형 : Have / Has + 주어 + 과거분사 ~?
Have you had a vacation this year?
Yes, I have. / No, I haven't.
현재완료의 4가지 용법
1
경험: 과거에서부터 현재까지 겪었던 주어의 경험을 말할 때 사용
되며 주로 ‘~한 적이 있다’라고 해석한다.
주로 같이 쓰이는 부사 : ever, never, often, many times,… 등Have
you ever eaten Thai food?
I have often seen Seoul Tower in Seoul.
2
완료: 주어가 과거에 시작한 일이 현재에 막 완료된 것을 나타내며
‘(이미, 막, 최근) ~했다, ~해 버렸다’로 해석한다.
주로 같이 쓰이는 부사: just, already, yet, recently, lately 등
He has just finished his homework.
Have you written a letter yet?
현재완료의 4가지 용법
3
결과: 과거에 일어났던 일이 현재까지도 똑같은 결과로 남아 있음을 나타낼
때 사용하고 주로 ‘~한 상태이다(그 결과 지금은 ~하다)’라고 해석한다.
He has gone to school.
(=He went to school, so he is not here)
4
계속: 주어의 행위가 과거에서부터 현재까지 계속되고 있으며, 특히 현재에
도 계속될 가능성이 있는 경우에 사용되며, 주로 ‘~해오고 있다, 계속 ~하
고 있다’로 해석한다.
같이 쓰이는 부사구→ for+기간, since+과거시점 등
I have studied English for two years.
She has lived in New York since 1980.
Check-up
 다음 문장의 시제가 올바르면 T, 틀리면 F로 표시하고, 틀린 부분을 바르게 고쳐 봅시다.
1 The plane has just taken off from Incheon International
Airport.
(
)
2. How many classes have you had so far today? (
)
3. Alice has gone to the party last Saturday night. (
)
4. I can't find my cell phone. Have you seen it? (
5 Mozart has written more than 600 pieces of music.
(
)
)
Check-up
 다음 문장의 시제가 올바르면 T, 틀리면 F로 표시하고, 틀린 부분을 바르게 고쳐 봅시다.
1 The plane has just taken off from Incheon International
Airport.
(
)
T
2. How many classes have you had so far today? (
)
went
3. Alice has gone to the party last Saturday night. (
4. I can't find my cell phone. Have you seen it? (
wrote
5 Mozart has written more than 600 pieces of music.
( F)
T
F
)
)
T
Check-up
 괄호 안의 말을 현재완료형으로 바꾸고 보기에서 같은 용법을 고르시오.
보기
a. They have just built the sandcastle.
b. I have taught him English for two months.
c. She has never bought books on the Internet.
6. She (eat) Thai food once.
→
7. I (already read) the book.
→
8. Someone (just break) the window.
→
9. I (know) him since he was a student.
→
Check-up
 괄호 안의 말을 현재완료형으로 바꾸고 보기에서 같은 용법을 고르시오.
보기
a. They have just built the sandcastle.
b. I have taught him English for two months.
c. She has never bought books on the Internet.
6. She (eat) Thai food once.
→
has eaten - c
7. I (already read) the book.
→
have already read - a
8. Someone (just break) the window.
→
has just broken - a
9. I (know) him since he was a student.
→
have known - b
가정법 과거
 정의
현재 사실을 반대로 가정해 보거나, 실제로 일어날 수 없는 일을
상상할 때 사용하는 표현으로 ‘만약~하다면, ...할 텐데.’의 의미
이다.
현재 사실의 반대를 말하는데 가정법 현재가 아닌 과거라고 하는 이유는?
현재사실에 반대되는 가정법을 현재 시제를 그대로 사용한다면, 글을
읽는 사람이나, 말을 듣고 있는 사람이 지금 있는 사실을 이야기하는지,
가정해서 이야기하는지 구분 할 수가 없다. 그래서 현재 사실이 아니라
는 것을 표현하기 위해, 현실에서 한 발짝 물러난 과거 시제를 써서 표
현한다.
형태
1
if절에 be 동사가 사용된 경우
「If+주어+were ~, 주어+과거형 조동사(would, should, could, might)+동사원형...」
If I were a bird, I would fly to you.
If he were rich, he might buy it.
2
if절에 일반동사가 사용된 경우
「If+주어+과거형 동사 ~, 주어+과거형 조동사(would, should, could, might)+동사원형...」
If he understood me, I could try.
If she heard the news, she would be sad.
Check-up
 주어진 단어를 이용하여 문장을 완성해 봅시다.
1. If you got more exercise, you
__________________________
much
better. (feel)
2. She
____________________
very upset if you
_____________
the present
that she gave to you. (be / lose)
3. He
__________________________
more books if he
_____________
more time.
(read / have)
4. If you
_________
______________
in my position, what
? (be / do)
_______________
you
Check-up
 주어진 단어를 이용하여 문장을 완성해 봅시다.
1. If you got more exercise, you
would feel
much
__________________________
better. (feel)
would____be
2. She _____________
_____ very upset if you
lost the present
_____________
that she gave to you. (be / lose)
would read more books if he
3. He __________________________
hadmore time.
_____________
(read / have)
4. If you
were in my position, what
______________
do / do)
(be
would
you
_______________
_________
?
Check-up
 다음 문장을 현재 사실과 반대되는 것을 가정하는 문장으로 다시 써 봅시다.
1. He isn't rich, so he can't buy all things he wants.
→
.
2. I won't call her because I don't know her phone
number.
→
.
3. As Minhee doesn't live near her school, she is late for
school.
→
.
.
Check-up
 다음 문장을 현재 사실과 반대되는 것을 가정하는 문장으로 다시 써 봅시다.
1. He isn't rich, so he can't buy all things he wants.
→ If he were rich, he could buy all things he wants.
.
2. I won't call her because I don't know her phone
number.
→ If I knew her phone number, I would call her.
.
3. As Minhee doesn't live near her school, she is late for
school.
→ If Minhee live near her school, she would not be late for
school.
Check-up
 다음 질문에 여러분 자신의 대답을 써 봅시다.
1. When do you feel angry?
.
2. What would you do if you won the lottery?
Check-up
 다음 질문에 여러분 자신의 대답을 써 봅시다.
1. When do you feel angry? .
(예시) somebody ignored me.
2. What would you do if you won the lottery?
(예시) If I won the lottery, I would travel
all around the world.