SYLLABUS AIMS:
The aims of the syllabus are to:

Develop an appreciation of the socio-economic importance of crop science to the agricultural
development of the country.

Develop positive attitudes towards Crop Science as a learning area.

Apply psycho-motor and cognitive skills in solving problems encountered in crop science.

Develop innovativeness in the study of Crop Science by sustainable utilisation of local resources.


Prepare learners for life and work, in an indigenised economy and increasingly globalised and
competitive environment.
Ensure learners demonstrate desirable literacy and numeracy including practical competences necessary
for life.
SYLLABUS OBJECTIVES:
By the end of this learning phase learners should be able to:

Demonstrate the socio-economic importance of crop science to the agricultural development of the country.

Demonstrate understanding of crop science concepts, principles and terminology.

Apply scientific principles of crop science in a sustainable manner.

Apply problem-solving skills in challenges encountered in crop science.

Design experiments and investigate problems in crop science.

Design and manage a cropping project sustainably.

Apply safety precautions in agricultural practice.
WEEK
1
2
TOPIC &
CONTENT
OBJECTIVES: By the
end of the lesson
learners should be able
to:
Photosynthesis -explain the factors
affecting
photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis -describe light
dependent and light
independent reactions.
-describe
photosynthetic electron
transport.
Photosynthesis -describe the structure
and synthesis of ATP.
-explain the role of
ATP as the energy
currency.
TEACHING AND
LEARNING
ACTIVITIES
explaining the factors
affecting
photosynthesis
SOM /AIDS
Excel: A level
Crop Science.
-Crop Science
handouts
-describing light
Excel: A level
dependent and light
Crop Science.
independent reactions. -Crop Science
-describing
handouts
photosynthetic
electron transport.
describing the
Excel: A level
structure and
Crop Science.
synthesis of ATP.
-Crop Science
-explaining the role of handouts
ATP as the energy
currency
COMPETENCY EVALUATION
SKILLS
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
WEEK
TOPIC &
CONTENT
OBJECTIVES: By the
end of the lesson
learners should be able
to:
Photosynthetic -describe the structural
pathways
differences between C3
and C4 biochemical
pathways.
TEACHING AND
LEARNING
ACTIVITIES
3
describing the
structural differences
between C3 and C4
biochemical
pathways.
Photosynthetic -describe the
-describing the
pathways
differences between C3 differences between
and C4 biochemical
C3 and C4
pathways.
biochemical
pathways.
Photosynthetic -discuss Crassulacean
-discussing
pathways
acid metabolism(CAM) Crassulacean acid
pathways.
metabolism(CAM)
≠ REVISION
pathways
EXERCISE
SOM /AIDS
COMPETENCY EVALUATION
SKILLS
Excel: A level
Crop Science.
-Crop Science
handouts
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
Excel: A level
Crop Science.
-Crop Science
handouts
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
Excel: A level
Crop Science.
-Crop Science
handouts
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
WEEK
TOPIC &
CONTENT
4
Cellular
respiration
OBJECTIVES: By the
end of the lesson
learners should be able
to:
-describe the process of
respiration.
TEACHING AND
LEARNING
ACTIVITIES
SOM /AIDS
COMPETENCY EVALUATION
SKILLS
describing the process
of respiration
Excel: A level
Crop Science.
-Crop Science
handouts
Excel: A level
Crop Science.
-Crop Science
handouts
Excel: A level
Crop Science.
-Crop Science
handouts
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
Cellular
respiration
-describe the Glycolysis -describing the
stage of respiration.
glycolysis stage of
respiration.
Cellular
respiration
-describe the Krebs’s
cycle stage of
respiration.
-describing the
Krebs’s cycle of
respiration.
WEEK
TOPIC &
CONTENT
5
Cellular
respiration.
OBJECTIVES: By the
end of the lesson
learners should be able
to:
-explain the universal
role of ATP as the
energy currency in all
living organisms.
TEACHING AND
LEARNING
ACTIVITIES
SOM /AIDS
COMPETENCY EVALUATION
SKILLS
explaining the
universal role of ATP
as the energy currency
in all living organisms
Excel: A level
Crop Science.
-Crop Science
handouts
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
-answer questions
Revision test relating to
on
photosynthesis and
photosynthesis respiration.
and
respiration.
-answering questions
relating to
photosynthesis and
respiration
Excel: A level
Crop Science.
-Crop Science
handouts
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
Discussion on
Revision test
on
photosynthesis
and
respiration
-answering questions
relating to
photosynthesis and
respiration
Excel: A level
Crop Science.
-Crop Science
handouts
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
-answer questions
relating to
photosynthesis and
respiration
WEEK
TOPIC &
CONTENT
OBJECTIVES: By the
end of the lesson
learners should be able
to:
-describe the structure
of a chromosome.
- describe the structure
of DNA.
TEACHING AND
LEARNING
ACTIVITIES
SOM /AIDS
COMPETENCY EVALUATION
SKILLS
6
Principles of
genetics
Excel: A level
Crop Science.
-Crop Science
handouts
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
Principles of
genetics
-explain DNA
replication.
-describing the
structure of a
chromosome.
- describing the
structure of DNA
-explaining DNA
replication.
Principles of
genetics
-explain protein
synthesis starting from
DNA.
Excel: A level
Crop Science.
-Crop Science
handouts
explaining protein
Excel: A level
synthesis starting from Crop Science.
DNA.
-Crop Science
handouts
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
WEEK
TOPIC &
CONTENT
OBJECTIVES: By the
end of the lesson
learners should be able
to:
-outline the Mendelian
Law of segregation.
TEACHING AND
LEARNING
ACTIVITIES
SOM /AIDS
COMPETENCY EVALUATION
SKILLS
7
Principles of
genetics
-outlining Mendelian
Law of segregation
Excel: A level
Crop Science.
-Crop Science
handouts
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
Principles of
genetics
-outline the Mendelian
Law of Independent
assortment.
outlining Mendelian
Law of Independent
assortment
Excel: A level
Crop Science.
-Crop Science
handouts
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
Principles of
genetics
-determine genotype
and phenotype ratios.
determining genotype
and phenotype ratios
Excel: A level
Crop Science.
-Crop Science
handouts
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
WEEK
TOPIC &
CONTENT
OBJECTIVES: By the
end of the lesson
learners should be able
to:
-outline types of gene
expression
Dominance
Co-dominance
TEACHING AND
LEARNING
ACTIVITIES
SOM /AIDS
COMPETENCY EVALUATION
SKILLS
8
Principles of
genetics
-outlining types of
gene expression
Dominance
Co-dominance
Partial dominance
Excel: A level
Crop Science.
-Crop Science
handouts
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
Principles of
genetics
-outline types of gene
expression
Partial dominance
Over dominance
-outlining types of
gene expression
Partial dominance
Over dominance
Excel: A level
Crop Science.
-Crop Science
handouts
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
Principles of
genetics
-describe effects of
environment on gene
expression.
-describe the
importance of gene
expression.
describing effects of
environment on gene
expression.
-describing the
importance of gene
expression.
Excel: A level
Crop Science.
-Crop Science
handouts
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
WEEK
TOPIC &
CONTENT
9
Principles of
genetics
OBJECTIVES: By the
end of the lesson
learners should be able
to:
-describe types of
mutations.
TEACHING AND
LEARNING
ACTIVITIES
SOM /AIDS
COMPETENCY EVALUATION
SKILLS
-describing types of
mutations
Excel: A level
Crop Science.
-Crop Science
handouts
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
Revision test
on Principles
of genetics
-answer questions based answering questions
on principles of
based on principles of
genetics.
genetics
Excel: A level
Crop Science.
-Crop Science
handouts
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
Discussion
on revision
test on
Principles of
genetics
answer questions based
on principles of
genetics
Excel: A level
Crop Science.
-Crop Science
handouts
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
answering questions
based on principles of
genetics
WEEK
TOPIC &
CONTENT
OBJECTIVES: By the
end of the lesson
learners should be able
to:
-explain plant
introduction as a
breeding method.
TEACHING AND
LEARNING
ACTIVITIES
SOM /AIDS
COMPETENCY EVALUATION
SKILLS
10
PLANT
BREEDING
METHODS:
explaining plant
introduction as a
breeding method
Excel: A level
Crop Science.
-Crop Science
handouts
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
Plant
introduction
-describe types of plant
introduction.
describing types of
plant introduction.
Excel: A level
Crop Science.
-Crop Science
handouts
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
Plant
introduction
-discuss advantages and
disadvantages of plant
introduction.
discussing advantages
and disadvantages of
plant introduction
Excel: A level
Crop Science.
-Crop Science
handouts
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
Plant
introduction.
WEEK
TOPIC &
CONTENT
OBJECTIVES: By the
end of the lesson
learners should be able
to:
-explain selection as a
method of plant
breeding.
TEACHING AND
LEARNING
ACTIVITIES
explaining selection as Excel: A level
a method of plant
Crop Science.
breeding.
-Crop Science
handouts
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
Plant
selection
-describe types of
selection in plant
breeding.
describing types of
selection in plant
breeding.
Excel: A level
Crop Science.
-Crop Science
handouts
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
Plant
selection
-discuss the advantages
and disadvantages of
plant selection.
discussing the
advantages and
disadvantages of plant
selection
Excel: A level
Crop Science.
-Crop Science
handouts
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
Plant
selection
11
SOM /AIDS
COMPETENCY EVALUATION
SKILLS
WEEK
12
TOPIC &
CONTENT
OBJECTIVES: By the
end of the lesson
learners should be able
to:
Hybridization -explain methods of
hybridization
-describe advantages
and disadvantages of
hybridization.
TEACHING AND
LEARNING
ACTIVITIES
SOM /AIDS
COMPETENCY EVALUATION
SKILLS
explaining methods of
hybridization
-describing
advantages and
disadvantages of
hybridization
Excel: A level
Crop Science.
-Crop Science
handouts
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
Hybridization -describe hybrid seed
production.
describing hybrid seed Excel: A level
production
Crop Science.
-Crop Science
handouts
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
Hybridization describe hybrid seed
production
describing hybrid seed Excel: A level
production.
Crop Science.
-Crop Science
handouts
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
BIOLOGY FORM 5 TERM 1
SYLLABUS AIMS:
The aims of the syllabus are to:

Develop abilities and skills that enable learners solve day to day challenges and become self reliant

Provide the basis for further studies in Biological Sciences and other related professional and
vocational courses

Develop attitudes of concern for accuracy and precision, innovativeness, objectivity and integrity in
the study of Biology

Develop enterprising skills that lead to value addition of natural resources

Develop an awareness of the diversity of life, global environmental issues and understand the need for
conservation and its relevance to society

Promote an awareness of the use of Information Technology (IT) for communication as an aid to biological
research

Develop an appreciation of health issues in a global context
SYLLABUS OBJECTIVES:
By the end of this learning phase learners should be able to:

Apply biological knowledge to solve day-to-day challenges

Use scientific research methods and techniques for self-reliance

Demonstrate an understanding of biological knowledge and concepts in novel situations

Measure with accuracy and precision manipulate numerical and other forms of data

Design practical experiments and projects to solve problems

Suggest ways of sustainable use of natural resources for socio economic development

Explain the importance of conserving biodiversity and the environment

Use appropriate ICT tools to solve scientific problems

Demonstrate an understanding of global distribution of diseases
WEEK
TOPIC &
CONTENT
OBJECTIVES: By the
end of the lesson
learners should be able
to:
calibrate eyepiece
graticule
TEACHING AND
LEARNING
ACTIVITIES
SOM /AIDS COMPETENCY EVALUATION
SKILLS
3
Microscopy
• Calibrating
eyepiece
graticule. •
Observing cells
using light
microscope.
Cambridge
international
AS & A
Level
biology
Course
book
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
Draw and
determine
linear
dimensions of
specimens
Units of
measurement
(millimetre,
micrometre and
nanometre)
• Measuring linear
dimensions of
specimens.
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
distinguish
between
magnification
and
resolution &
prepare
temporary
slides
Magnification and
resolution (refer
to light and
electron
microscopes) &
• Wet mounts
• Staining
• Discussing the
concepts
magnification and
resolution.
• Mounting
temporary slides.
• Staining wet
mounts with
appropriate
stains.
Cambridge
international
AS & A
Level
biology
Course
book
Cambridge
international
AS & A
Level
biology
Course
book
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
WEEK
TOPIC &
CONTENT
OBJECTIVES: By the end
of the lesson learners should
be able to:
identify plant and
animal cells
TEACHING AND
LEARNING
ACTIVITIES
Ultra structure
of the plant and
animal cells
SOM /AIDS COMPETENCY EVALUATION
SKILLS
4
Plant and
Animal Cells
Cambridge
international
AS & A
Level
biology
Course
book
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
compare
plant and
animal cells
Rough and smooth
endoplasmic reticula,
Golgi body,
mitochondria,ribosomes,
chloroplasts, cell
surface membrane,
nuclear envelope,
centrioles, nucleus and
nucleolus
Discussing the
similarities and
differences
between plant and
animal cells.
Cambridge
international
AS & A
Level
biology
Course
book
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
Revision
exercise
Answer all Questions
Follow instructions.
Satisfy at least 50% of the
demands of the questions
Teacher writes qns on
the whiteboard.
Individual written work
on the exercise given.
Teacher monitors
progress
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
WEEK
TOPIC &
CONTENT
OBJECTIVES: By the
end of the lesson
learners should be able
to:
outline the
functions of
organelles
TEACHING AND
LEARNING
ACTIVITIES
SOM /AIDS COMPETENCY EVALUATION
SKILLS
5
Organelles
and their
functions
Functions of cell
organelles listed
above
Cambridge
international
AS & A
Level
biology
Course
book
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
Eukaryotic
and
Prokaryotic
Cells
compare eukaryotic
and prokaryotic
cells
• Structure of
eukaryotic and
prokaryotic cells
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
Movement of
substances
into and out
of cells
describe and
explain the cell
surface membrane
structure
Fluid mosaic model
including the
roles of
phospholipids,
cholesterol,
glycolipids,
proteins and
glycoproteins
Cambridge
international
AS & A
Level
biology
Course
book
Cambridge
international
AS & A
Level
biology
Course
book
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
WEEK
TOPIC &
CONTENT
6
Movement of
substances
into and out
of cells
OBJECTIVES: By the
end of the lesson
learners should be able
to:
relate the
structure of the
membrane to
movement of
substances into and
out of cells
Movement of
substances
into and out
of cells
Revision
exercise
Answer all Questions
Follow instructions.
Satisfy at least 50% of the
demands of the questions
TEACHING AND
LEARNING
ACTIVITIES
SOM /AIDS COMPETENCY EVALUATION
SKILLS
• Diffusion
• Facilitated
diffusion
Cambridge
international
AS & A
Level
biology
Course
book
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
• Osmosis
• Active uptake
• Endocytosis
• Exocytosis
Cambridge
international
AS & A
Level
biology
Course
book
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
Teacher writes qns on the
whiteboard.
Individual written work
on the exercise given.
Teacher monitors
progress
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
TOPIC 2 BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES AND WATER
WEEK
7
TOPIC &
CONTENT
OBJECTIVES: By the
end of the lesson
learners should be able
to:
Carbohydrates carry out tests to
identify
carbohydrates
Carbohydrates describe the
formation and
breakage of
glycosidic bond
Carbohydrates describe the
synthesis and
molecular structure
of polysaccharides
TEACHING AND
LEARNING
ACTIVITIES
SOM /AIDS COMPETENCY EVALUATION
SKILLS
• Reducing sugars
• Non- reducing
sugars
• Starch
• (Qualitative and
Quantitative
tests)
• Glycosidic bond
• Starch
• Glycogen
• cellulose
Cambridge
international
AS & A
Level
biology
Course
book
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
Cambridge
international
AS & A
Level
biology
Course
book
Cambridge
international
AS & A
Level
biology
Course
book
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
polysaccharides
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
WEEK
8
TOPIC &
CONTENT
OBJECTIVES: By the
end of the lesson
learners should be able
to:
Carbohydrates relate structures
of polysaccharides
to their functions
in living organisms
TEACHING AND
LEARNING
ACTIVITIES
SOM /AIDS COMPETENCY EVALUATION
SKILLS
polysaccharides
Cambridge
international
AS & A
Level
biology
Course
book
Revision
exercise
Teacher writes qns on the
whiteboard.
Individual written work
on the exercise given.
Answer all Questions
Follow instructions.
Satisfy at least 50% of the
demands of the questions
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
Teacher monitors
progress
Lipids
identify lipids in
different
substances
emulsion test
Cambridge
international
AS & A
Level
biology
Course
book
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
WEEK
TOPIC &
CONTENT
9
Lipids
Proteins
Proteins
OBJECTIVES: By the
end of the lesson learners
should be able to:
• describe the
molecular structures
of a triglyceride and
a phospholipid
• relate the
structures of
triglycerides and
phospholipids to
their functions in
living organisms
 Identify proteins
in different
food substances
TEACHING AND
LEARNING
ACTIVITIES
• triglycerides
• phospholipids
SOM /AIDS COMPETENCY EVALUATION
SKILLS
Cambridge
international
AS & A
Level
biology
Course
book
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
Biuret test
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
• describe the
structure of an amino
acid
• outline the
formation and
breakage of a peptide
bond
• Amino acid
structure
• Peptide Bond
• Dipeptides
• Polypeptides
Cambridge
international
AS & A
Level
biology
Course
book
Cambridge
international
AS & A
Level
biology
Course
book
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
WEEK
TOPIC &
CONTENT
OBJECTIVES: By the
end of the lesson learners
should be able to:
explain the meaning
of the terms primary,
secondary, tertiary
and quaternary
structures of
proteins
TEACHING AND
LEARNING
ACTIVITIES
Primary,
Secondary,
Tertiary,
Quaternary
structures
SOM /AIDS COMPETENCY EVALUATION
SKILLS
10
Proteins
Cambridge
international
AS & A
Level
biology
Course
book
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
Proteins
describe the types
of bonds which hold
the protein
molecules in shape
Hydrogen, ionic,
disulphide and
hydrophobic
interactions
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
Proteins
• describe the
molecular structures
of haemoglobin and
collagen
• relate the
structures of
haemoglobin and
collagen to their
functions in living
organisms
• Haemoglobin
• Collagen
• Lock and key
hypothesis
• Induced fit
hypothesis
Cambridge
international
AS & A
Level
biology
Course
book
Cambridge
international
AS & A
Level
biology
Course
book
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
WEEK
11
TOPIC &
CONTEN
T
Proteins
OBJECTIVES: By the end
of the lesson learners
should be able to:
explain the mode of
action of enzymes
Proteins
• follow the
progress of an
enzyme catalyzed
reaction
• explain factors
affecting rate of
enzyme catalysed
reactions
• explain the effect
of competitive and
non – competitive
inhibitors on enzyme
activity
Revision
exercise
Answer all Questions
Follow instructions.
Satisfy at least 50% of the
demands of the questions
TEACHING AND
LEARNING
ACTIVITIES
• Enzyme catalyzed
reactions
• Effects of
temperature, pH,
enzyme
concentration and
substrate
concentration
• Reversible and
non- reversible
inhibition •
Inhibitors such as
heavy metals
(cyanide, mercury),
insecticides
Teacher writes qns on the
whiteboard.
Individual written work on
the exercise given.
Teacher monitors progress
SOM /AIDS COMPETENCY EVALUATION
SKILLS
Cambridge
international
AS & A
Level
biology
Course
book
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
Cambridge
international
AS & A
Level
biology
Course
book
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
WEEK
12
TOPIC &
CONTEN
T
Water
Water
End of
term
revision
tesr
OBJECTIVES: By the end
of the lesson learners
should be able to:
• describe the
structure and
properties of water
TEACHING AND
LEARNING
ACTIVITIES
• Structure of a
water molecule
• Physical and
chemical properties
of water
explain the roles of • Roles of water in
water in living
living organisms
organisms and as an
environment
Answer all Questions
Follow instructions.
Satisfy at least 50% of the
demands of the questions
Teacher writes qns on the
whiteboard.
Individual written work on
the exercise given.
Teacher monitors progress
SOM /AIDS COMPETENCY EVALUATION
SKILLS
Cambridge
international
AS & A
Level
biology
Course
book
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
Cambridge
international
AS & A
Level
biology
Course
book
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork
critical thinking.
-problem
solving.
-teamwork