Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region III
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF ZAMBALES
Zone 6, Iba, Zambales
Tel./Fax No. (047) 602 1391
E-mail Address: zambales@deped.gov.ph
website: www.depedzambales.ph
Name: ______________________________________
School: _____________________________________
Grade/Section__________
Date: __________________
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET
ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT
QUARTER 1 – WEEK 1
I. Introduction
Organization and Management subject is one of your specialized subjects
in the ABM strand. Why is it so? Well, there are a lot of reasons which you are
going to discover as we go on with our lessons.
Perhaps, one of your reasons for choosing the ABM strand is that you are
aiming to venture into business someday or perhaps, you are seeing yourself as
the future manager of a reputable institution. Maybe in achieving your goals
you will start at being an employee. Certainly, this subject will be of a great help
to you to understand why management and organization goes alongside with
each other and become fully aware of your future roles in an organization where
you belong.
II. Learning Competency
Explain the meaning, functions, types and theories of management ABM_AOM11Ia-b-2
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III. Objectives:
At the end of this Learning Activity Sheet, you are expected to:
1. Understand the meaning of management
2. Identify the functions and types of management
3. Understand the importance of management theories
IV.
Discussion
Management
is
the
process
of
attaining
organizational goals by working with people or we could
simply define it as getting things done through people.
It implies therefore, that an organization, whether small, medium, or large,
is composed of people. A business organization exists for a purpose.
For example, a small carinderia in your barangay cooks and sells food
to customers.
A medium-sized company like Saulog or Victory Liner
provides transportation to the public from Olongapo to Zambales or to some
parts of Luzon.
A large-sized manufacturing company like San Miguel
Corporation processes drinks and food products for sale to the public. All
these businesses exist for profit and have people.
It is the people in these organizations that get the work done. To
ensure that their assigned tasks are done properly and efficiently, these
people have to be managed. The person managing them could be the owner
of the carinderia, the manager or supervisor of Saulog and Victory Liner or
San Miguel Corporation.
Management is a function that directs and coordinates the efforts of
the people to accomplish goals and objectives by using available resources
efficiently and effectively.
It is also a process of accomplishing the
organization’s goals by working with and through people. It’s task includes
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planning, organizing, staffing, leading or directing, and controlling. These
four (4) tasks are also referred to as managerial functions as stated below.
Planning is also referred to as the thinking skill. It is on this stage
where you determine your goals, sequencing of activities and
anticipating the future. Planning involves choosing tasks that must
be performed to attain organizational goals, to outline how the tasks
must be perfomed and to indicate when they should be performed.
Planning therefore, is deciding ahead of time or in advance what are the
things to be done, how these things should be done, and who will take
charge of the things to be done in order to achieve the expected outcome or
result.
Planning activity focuses on attaining goals and the managers
outline exactly what the organization should do to be successful. It is also
concerned with the success of the organization in the short term as well as
in the long term.
I will give you an example of a simple planning. The first thing you
should do is to set your goal. Now, I would like to ask you, what is your
goal for this week, from Monday to Friday? Isn’t it that you are aiming to
finish reading all the Learning Activity Sheets for the week and to
accomplished all of the activities in each subject, right? Now that you have
determined your goal you have to make a sequencing of things that you
need to do. When will you do this? Will you do it today, tomorrow, or
should you have done this yesterday or two days earlier? Yes, you’re right.
Sequencing of activities to be done should have been planned in
advance. Let’s say you made your plans last Saturday in order to attain
your goal of completing the activities in all of your subjects. Perhaps, you
have planned to wake up at 6:30 AM from Monday to Friday then eat your
breakfast at 7:00 AM, take a bath after eating and then start studying at
8:00AM with your Organization and Management and so on and so forth
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with the subjects equally distributed from Monday to Friday. Then make
your anticipations like if you will sincerely do the activities, you will get
them done until Friday or even earlier. This is a simple example of how
effective your personal plans are.
Well, it is just the same in the organization. With you as the manager
of a cellphone store for example, and your goal is obtain sales of One
Hundred Thousand Pesos (Php100,000) per week, then you have to plan
carefully your course of actions like what promotional campaigns to be
used, what materials are needed, where will you promote your products,
and the like.
Another management function is organizing. It involves the act of
assigning the tasks that were developed in the planning stage
to various individuals or groups to create a mechanism to put
the plans into action. The effective use of time, energy and
resources must be taken into consideration in organizing.
Going back to our example above, where you are targetting a
Php100,000 sales per week for your cellphone store and that you have
already identified the tasks to be done. Well, in organizing, you have to
identify as to whom these tasks are to be assigned, how much budget is to
be alloted, when will you do it and where will it be done.
For a sari-sari store business, organizing means identifying your network
of suppliers, developing an inventory of your retail goods, and identifying
your staff and their roles. Your father, for instance, decides to be in charge
of purchasing, while he appoints your mother to be the cashier. You and
and your siblings are tasked to do the inventory every week. Other things
to consider also in organizing is the schedule of operations, salaries and
others.
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Leading is also known as motivating, or directing by guiding the
activities of the organization members towards the fulfillment
of the goals. The purpose of leading is to increase productivity
in human-oriented work situations to generate higher levels of
production over the long term than do task oriented situations.
When people in the organization are motivated, they are expected to
produce a more valuable output. They are more encouraged to work with
iniatives to better contribute to attaining the aims of the organization
where they belong.
Controlling is both a managerial function and a continuous process
where the manager performs the following roles:

gathers information that measures performance;

compares present performance to pre-established performance
norms;

determines the next action plan and modifications for meeting
the desired performance parameters.
Controlling is a process wherein you, as the manager assesses or
evaluates the execution of the plan which has been made. It is in
this process where you make adjustments to ensure that the
organizational goal is achieved.
To sum it up, you can now say management is a process. It is a
non-stop process of ensuring continuity and growth within the
organization.
It involves Goal-Setting, Executing the plan, Measuring
results, and sustaining operations or the GEMS of Management.
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The illustration above simply tells you that management is a
continuous process.
Once you have achieved your goal and the
organization has sustained its achievement, then you will go back again
to setting a new goal and go all throughout the entire process.
Goal setting means establishing objectives for a company or
organization. Objectives and goals are derived after a reviewing and
understanding the purpose, Vision and mission of the organization.
Executing the plan means that you are putting your plans into
action. It is on this phase of management that you apply organizing as
discussed to your earlier. It is also in this phase where you communicate
the process of how to do things and you guide your people on how to do
things.
In the measuring of results, the manager is required to evaluate
how the project or business is progressing toward its goals.
Proper evaluation allows you as the manager to detect
deviations from the plan in time to take corrective action.
This is done by comparing activities with the planned activities.
For
example, Mang Pedro is selling mangoes and his target amount of sales is
900 pesos per day.
As per Mang Pedro’s experience, he could easily
evaluate the progress of his business. If by noon he only makes 300 pesos
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worth of mangoes sales with a target income of 900 pesos a day, he can
immediately conclude that he is doing poorly. This instance will prompt
Mang Pedro to find out what caused the sluggish or low sales. He will then
check his products or try to do another sales tactic or consider changing
his route of selling his mangoes and then identify at the end of the day if
he is earning enough.
The last part in the GEMS of management cycle is sustaining
growth. This stage actually determines the success of your business.
Sustaining growth includes two important management functions –
developing people and encouraging change. Only if you are able to ensure
the continuity and growth of your company can you say that you are truly
successful.
Since the eighteenth century, the hike of the industry revolution has
been evolving to a variety of management theory including the classical,
behavioral, quantitative and new theories.
Each of these theories is
inclusive with a view of specific time frame to meet the specific
phenomenon and existing management needs.
There are four general management theories namely:
1. Frederick Taylor – Theory of Scientific Management. In 1909,
Taylor
published
“The
Principles
of
Scientific
Management.” In this, he proposed that by optimizing and
simplifying jobs, productivity would increase. Taylor
believed that all workers were motivated by money, so he
promoted the idea of a fair day’s pay for a fair day’s work.
In other words, if a worker didn’t achieve enough in a day,
he didn’t deserve to be paid as much as another worker
who was highly productive.
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Taylor’s four principles are as follows:
a.) replace working by “rule of thumb or simple habit and common
sense and instead use the scientific method to study work and
determine the most efficient way to perform specific tasks,
b.) rather than simply assign workers to just any job, match workers
to their jobs based on capability and motivation and train them to
work at a maximum efficiency,
c.) monitor worker performance and provide instructions and
supervision to ensure they’re using the most efficient ways of
working, and
d.) allocate the work between managers and workers so that the
managers spend their time planning and training, allowing the
workers to perform their task efficiently
2. Henry Fayol – Administrative Management Theory. Fayol’s
most significant contribution to the field of management
theory is his identification of the duties of management.
Fayol’s administrative management theories were developed
after observing a work stoppage that he judged to be a
management failure. His management theories are planning,
organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling.
3. Max Weber - Bureaucratic Theory of Management. Max
Weber, a German sociologist, stressed strict rules and a firm
distribution of power. He said that bureaucracy (hierarchy of
functions) was the most efficient and rational model of private
businesses and public offices could operate in.
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4. Elton Mayo - Behavioral Theory of Management (Hawthorne
Effect) states that employees are motivated far more by
relational factors such as attention and camaraderie than by
monetary rewards or environmental factors such as lighting,
humidity and others.
Knowing these four major management theories will help you decide,
as the manager of an organization, as to what you want to follow or adopt.
You will also take into consideration the type of people that you have and
the environment affecting your company or organization.
V. Activities
A. Easy! Peasy!
Directions: Write Easy if the statement is correct.
Write Peasy if the
statement is wrong. Write your answer on the space provided for before the
number.
__________1. One of the management’s function is to coordinate the efforts
of the people to ensure that the manager gets promoted.
__________2. Management is the process of achieving organizational goals
by working with and through people.
__________3. The first thing to do in the planning stage is goal-setting.
__________4. The theory of scientific management was proposed by Frederick
Taylor.
__________5. Executing the plan means removing of unnecessary people
in the organization.
__________6. In Elton Mayo’s theory, it states that people value more the
camaraderie in the organization than rewards.
__________7. Measuring results means evaluating outcomes.
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__________8. Sustaining growth means you have already achieved your
goals and that you can sit comfortably knowing that your business
is doing well.
__________9.
Management coordinates with people to ensure that the
organization’s goals for success will be achieved.
_________10. Measuring is the same as assessing.
B. PlanOr LeaCon!
Directions: Write P if the activity stated below refers to Planning, O
for Organizing, L for Leading, and C for controlling
_____1. Thinking what to do
_____2. Assigning task to people
_____3. Gathering feedback from customers
_____4. Communicate with people in the organization
_____5. Making changes in the activities that were planned
_____6. Directing the activities of the organization
_____7. Identifying possible suppliers for the goods you are selling
_____8. Setting policies and procedures
_____9. Outlining what the organization should do
____10. Determines the next action plan
C. Sure, Theory!
Directions: Read the statement below and write which Theory of
Management is being applied by the manager. Write Taylor for Theory of
Scientific Management, Fayol for Administrative Management Theory,
Weber Bureaucratic Management Theory and Mayo for Behavioral Theory
of Management. Write your answer on the space provided for.
__________1. Mr. Perfecto Tamayo, the manager of You & I Marketing, made
it a policy that all employees must eat lunch together every Friday.
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__________2. Ms. Dina Vale, the President of XYZ Company makes it a point
that every employee reports to their respective superior or heads.
__________3. The company implements a no work-no pay policy.
__________4. The company observes a monthly fellowship with its
employees and that a special celebration is observed during
Christmas season.
__________5. Break periods is strictly 15 minutes only. Otherwise, a salary
deduction shall be imposed for being late as a result of extended
break time.
__________6. A 3,000 pesos incentive is given to employees during
December for perfect attendance.
__________7. The heads of offices works well with their subordinates.
__________8. Employees’ leave of absence must be scheduled.
__________9. The jobs performed by employees are aligned with their
educational qualifications.
_________10. The owner of the company reports to work regularly.
D. Don’t be Choosy!
Directions: Choose 10 words from the list of words below which can be
associated to management functions.
Write your answer on the box
provided below.
manager
organization
planning
office
décor
organizing purchasing
policies
teacher
work
office files
behavior
objectives
plan
playing
assign
job
procedures
leading
influencing
efficient
effective
beautiful
selling
business
strategy
computer
garden
success
supervision
measure
productivity achievement
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scheduling
goal
1.
6.
2.
7.
3.
8.
4.
9.
5.
10.
E. Just Mean It!
Directions: From your chosen words above, write your definition of the
word management.
Criteria
4
3
2
Excellent
Good
Fair
Focus
Organization
Content
12
VI.
Assessment
Directions: Read the following situations and choose the best answer.
Encircle the letter of your choice
1. The process of getting things done or achieving goals by working with people
is referred to as
a. Organizing
c. Management
b. Optimizing
d. Managing
2. It is a group of assumptions which are used to explain the relationship
between two or more facts.
a. Inference
c. Theory
b. Observation
d. None of the choices
3. The manager of ABC Company which is located in Olongapo City is thinking
of expanding its branch in Zambales. What management function is the
manager using?
a. Sustaining
c. Execution of Plan
b. Planning
d. Organizing
4. Mr. Juan Dela Cruz orients his subordinates about the policies and
procedures of the company. What management function did he perform?
b. Goal-setting
c. Controlling
c. Sustaining growth
d. Organizing
5. Mr. Peter Pedro believed that his plan is already polished and is now ready to
put his plan into action. Which would he apply?
a. Planning
c. Organizing the plan
b. Execution of plan
d. None
6. Mr. Jericho Rosales is evaluating how his business is doing. What part of the
GEMS cycle is he functioning?
a. Evaluating
c. Results oriented
b. Measuring results
d. Results base
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7. Getting feedbacks from your customers or clients is an evidence of what
theory?
a. Theory of Scientific Management
c. Theory over power
b. Theory of Change
d. Theory of sales
8. Efficiency may be said as
a. doing the right thing
c. Effectively
b. doing things right
d. None of the choices
9. Being ready for the next action plan and modifying what has been earlier
planned is one of the best management functions. What function
is
this?
a. Controlling
c. Managing
b. Selling
d. Sanitizing
10. Thinking skill is also referred to as
a. Planning
c. Synthesizing
b. Managing
d. Sanitizing
VII.
Reflection
Write at least 3-5 sentences your thoughts about management
functions and theories.
Criteria
4
3
2
Excellent
Good
Fair
Focus
Organizaton
Content
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VIII. References
Organization And Management. Reprint, Quezon City: Rex Printing
Company, Inc., 2016.
"Frederick Taylor And Scientific Management: Understanding Taylorism
And
Early
Management
Theory".
Mindtools.Com,
2020.
https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTMM_Taylor.html
Indeed.Com,
2020.
https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-
development/leadership-qualities-that-make-a-greatleader?from=careeradvice-US.
Prepared by:
EVELYN DELA CRUZ MANZANO
Teacher II
Subic National High School, Subic District
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