From Steve Jobs’ Commencement Speech by Steve Jobs
In the commencement speech provided, Steve Jobs uses rhetorical appeals such as
ethos, pathos, and logos to inspire graduates to live meaningful lives and follow their
passions. His speech is powerful because he combines personal experiences with
emotional storytelling and important life lessons.
Ethos:
Steve Jobs establishes ethos in his speech by sharing his personal experience with
cancer and speaking honestly about facing death. He says, “About a year ago, I was
diagnosed with cancer.” By revealing such a personal and serious moment in his life, he
gains the audience’s attention, trust, and credibility. As a successful entrepreneur and
innovator, Jobs already has authority, but his openness about fear makes him appear
relatable and authentic. His audience is more likely to listen to his advice when he
speaks from real-life experience rather than theory.
Pathos:
Pathos is used throughout the speech to connect emotionally with the audience. Jobs
describes how the doctors told him he only had “3 to 6 months” to live and explains
what it means to “prepare to die”, which appeals to the human emotion and helps the
audience relate to him.
He also encourages listeners not to waste their lives living according to others’
expectations. His words induce courage, hope, and motivation. By discussing life,
death, and personal dreams, he creates a deep emotional connect with graduates who
are preparing to begin a new chapter in life.
Logos:
Steve Jobs uses logos by presenting logical reasoning about life and time. He explains
that life is limited and therefore people should spend their time wisely. He argues that
because death is unavoidable, people should focus on doing what truly matters to them.
He makes the statement, “Your time is limited, so don’t waste it living someone else’s
life,” is a logical conclusion based on the reality that human life is temporary.
Intended Audience:
The intended audience for this speech is graduating college students, specifically the
graduates attending the commencement ceremony at Stanford University. The speech
is tailored to young adults who are about to enter the next stage of their lives and make
important career decisions. He speaks directly to graduates by encouraging them to
trust themselves and follow their passions.