📝 ASSIGNMENT STRUCTURE (with what
to write in each part)
Title Page
Write:
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Title: Tuberculosis: Disease and Pharmacological Treatment
Your Name
Course Name
Instructor Name
Date
1. Introduction (Brief Overview of the Disease)
👉 What to include:
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Define tuberculosis (what type of disease)
Which organ it mainly affects (lungs)
How it spreads (airborne droplets)
Why it is important (global health issue)
👉 What you write (idea):
● TB is a bacterial infectious disease affecting the lungs
● Spread through coughing/sneezing
● Major global health problem
2. The Disease (Detailed Overview)
👉 What to include:
● Symptoms:
○ Chronic cough
○ Fever
○ Night sweats
○ Weight loss
● Types:
○ Latent TB (inactive)
○ Active TB (symptomatic and infectious)
● Complications if untreated
👉 Goal:
Explain the disease a bit deeper than introduction
3. Causative Microorganism
👉 Use:
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
👉 What to include:
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Type: bacterium
Shape: rod-shaped (bacillus)
Special feature: acid-fast
Cell wall:
○ Rich in mycolic acids
○ Makes it resistant
👉 Why important:
● Explains why treatment is long and difficult
4. Drug Class Used in Treatment
👉 What to include:
● TB is treated with antibacterial agents
● Specifically: anti-tubercular drugs
● Always used in combination therapy
👉 Mention:
● First-line drugs:
○ Isoniazid
○ Rifampicin
○ Pyrazinamide
○ Ethambutol
👉 Explain briefly:
● Why combination is used → prevent resistance
5. Mechanism of Action of Drugs
👉 This is VERY IMPORTANT (high marks)
👉 What to include:
Isoniazid
● Inhibits mycolic acid synthesis
● Weakens bacterial cell wall
Rifampicin
● Inhibits RNA polymerase
● Stops protein synthesis
Pyrazinamide
● Works in acidic environments
● Disrupts bacterial metabolism
Ethambutol
● Inhibits cell wall formation
👉 Tip:
Write each drug in separate small paragraph
6. Examples of Drugs
👉 What to include:
● First-line drugs (main ones)
● Optional:
○ Second-line drugs (for resistant TB):
■ Levofloxacin
■ Amikacin
👉 Keep it simple (don’t overcomplicate)
7. Drug Resistance
👉 What to include:
Types:
● MDR-TB → resistant to isoniazid + rifampicin
● XDR-TB → resistant to more drugs
Causes:
● Poor adherence
● Wrong dosing
● Incomplete treatment
Importance:
● Makes treatment harder
● Requires longer therapy
8. Conclusion
👉 What to include:
● TB is serious but treatable
● Combination therapy is essential
● Resistance is a major challenge
👉 Keep it short (5–6 lines)
9. References (APA Style)
👉 Include at least 2–3:
Example:
● World Health Organization (WHO)
● Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)
● Goodman & Gilman Pharmacology Book
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