Introduction to Web
Technologies
What is Web Technology?
Web technology refers to the technologies used by computers to communicate with each other
over the internet using markup languages, scripting languages, and protocols.
It gives us a way to interact with hosted information, such as websites.
It involves the use of technologies such as Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), Cascading Style
Sheets (CSS), and JavaScript.
The three basic languages that make up the World Wide Web are HTML, CSS, and JavaScript.
What are Web Technologies?
Web technologies are the various tools and techniques that are utilised in the process of communication
between different types of devices over the internet.
Let’s break it down into two pieces: ‘web’ and ‘technology’.
The web, in this case, refers to the World Wide Web, more commonly known as WWW. It first came into
being in 1989 when scientist and engineer Tim Berners-Lee introduced an efficient mechanism to share
resources among scientists worldwide.
What Are The Different Types Of Web
Technologies?
Web browsers and web application fundamentals
Programming languages and frameworks for website development
Databases used at the backend to store data
Web protocols (rules for communication on the internet)
Graphic, audiovisual, and multimedia elements
Data formats used for data transmission over the internet
WEBSITE
A website is defined as a collection of web pages linked together with a unique domain name
that can be accessed from anywhere across the globe over the internet.
It is hosted by a web server and viewed by web clients.
It can be developed using HTML, JavaScript, PHP, and other web technologies.
INTERNET
Internet is a world-wide global system of interconnected computer networks.
The internet uses the standard TCP/IP protocol suite.
Every computer on the internet is identified by a unique IP address.
An IP address is a unique set of numbers (such as 110.22.33.114) that identifies the location of
a computer on the network.
Cont..
A special computer called DNS (Domain Name Server) is used to assign a name to an IP address
so that a user can locate a computer using a name.
For example, a DNS server will resolve a name http://www.tutorialspoint.com to a particular IP
address to uniquely identify the computer on which this website is hosted.
 Internet is accessible to every user all over the world.
Basic Internet Protocols
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
TCP is a connection-oriented protocol and offers end-to-end packet delivery. It acts as back bone for connection. It exhibits the following key features:
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) corresponds to the Transport Layer of OSI Model.
It is a reliable and connection-oriented protocol.
TCP offers:
Stream Data Transfer
Reliability
Efficient Flow Control
Cont..
Full-duplex operation- Data can be transmitted in both directions on a signal carrier at the
same time
Multiplexing- Multiplexing is a method by which multiple analog or digital signals are combined
into one signal over a shared medium
Internet Protocol (IP)
Internet Protocol is used for addressing and routing information across networks.
It assigns a unique numerical label to every device connected to the internet.
It ensures that data packets reach the correct destination by identifying the sender and the
receiver.
It operates at the Network Layer of the OSI model to handle data routing.
Cont..
It acts as a set of rules that allows different types of computers to communicate with each
other.
It breaks down large pieces of data into smaller packets to make them easier to transport.
It provides the location of a device so the network knows where to deliver specific information.
User Datagram Protocol (UDP)
UDP is a communication protocol used for fast, real-time data transfer on the internet.
It operates at the Transport Layer of the OSI model.
It is known as a connectionless protocol because it sends data without establishing a formal
connection first.
It does not check if the data reached the destination, making it much faster but less reliable than
TCP.
It is commonly used for activities where speed is more important than perfect accuracy, such as
video streaming, online gaming, and VoIP calls.
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
FTP is a standard network protocol used specifically for transferring files between a client and a
server.
It operates at the Application Layer of the OSI model.
It requires a username and password to establish a connection and grant access to files.
It allows users to perform tasks like uploading, downloading, deleting, and renaming files on a
remote server.