Wpump
aSystem (control mass)
Including
Q
Q
KE + PE
-
Wi
-
W
=
BU
Flow
Qcu-Wer
Single
Qer-wev
discharge
hi +
Nozzle /diffuser
Turbine
w
compressor/pump
w
y
=
m(h
=
,
m(hc
=
mauz-min , + mehe
=
nz
uz
,
Equation
Variation
-
Ideal gas law
PV
Pr
Specific heat
(p Cr + R
Ratio
k
Isentropic
= ()
=
Dh
=
(5)
Process
3 4
Condenser
4
Pump
1
Thermal
-
-
Cu(Tz
=
Uz
=
add heat thigh P
-
Is
Combustor
2
-
Turbine
3
-
Exhaust
4
n
Efficiency
=
1
3
4
-
-
(
w
"liquid Pump
"
"
m(h
nozzle
vAP
Du
-
h
C(T2-Ti)
=
Nmotor-hic
impossible
Num (p) (11 mot
liquids
+
AU
-
S2
Sgen
general
,
-
ha)
energy
as
=
,
+
Specific heat
AU
mcDT
=
-
=
P, ) > n
-
w
CpDTIcont
[p
=
=
nCvAT
=
0
I so thermal
const T
w
,
AU
const .,
=
=
Q
-
=
,
=
dQ
,
Au
,
isentropic
preconst
=
=
0
e
Du = mCvAT
A
cons
T
,
Q 0
=
m(uz
-
u,
)
Sc (*) dT
Tz
Cargln F
=
Int Rev
=
.
-
-
Isother mal
2nd law &
S: -3 ,
15
=
·
Entropy
(
I
formula
n
=
1
H
-
armo
Car not
V, )
Viln
Bu
=
dh-VOP
specific heat : Sc-Si
Refrigerator
nCuDT
w = P,
,
Pr
-
nCpAT
=
PV const
polytropic
d
.
mP(Xz
MRT, ln
=
Heat engine
SP
w=
w
Du
Concept
[ + Ru
work
-
PV
.
Cu + R
P(Ve V , )
=
DU
=
=
=
-
Isothermal
compression
(ideal gas
f)
CvAT (const
Cp
·
hp + Vf(p Psat)
=
-
Heat transfer
=
ph
-
const
S Agen
w
du + PdvTds
=
S2-si
Reversiblea
adiabatic
S2-5
:
Au
Tds
adiabatic
Si
=
Relations
Tds
Q
impossible
> O
w
adiabatic
②inter =, S2Tds
has - hi
hea-hi
=hee
PV
u +
=
=
hea-hi
C(Tz T1) + v(pz
=
T2s-Th
Tza-TI
5 , (P2-Pi)
Se
Irreversible
Isobaric
Isochoric
"Shaft
"Velocity increases
=
Sgen>
Boundary
Const. U
1
isentropic relations
=
(p(Tz Ti)
Processes
Const P
strateg
and Reversible"
Power"
hi
reversible
Brayton cycle (gas turbine/jet engine)
Compressor
Cr/Tz-Ti)
o
Pressurize liquid-h
Component
U1 =
Wa
Tra
irreversible
>
-
Incompressible
o
=
-
T1-T2S
=
hea-hi
-
Propertyis diagrams
-
Efficiency
>
-
(max)
< M carnot
I
Til
=
S2-Si
reject heat to enviro
2
-
sen
expansion, work out
1
-
he
=
Sgen
Notes
-
u,
i nat
Entropy
Cycle (steam power plant
Turbine
-
n
Cp/dv
3
Un
Enthal py
Power cycle
-
nozzles
RT
-
2
Up
WS
=
CHans
mRT
=
Boiler
Pump
-m , -M2
=
But Ah
h )
-
Compressor Mc
-
=
hz)
-
Me
=
WS
mz-m ,
=
hi has
has hi
-
-
+ n hi Cp(Tz Ti)
Au
-
Component
Turbine
+
-mihi + MzUz-mil = Mi
=
deal Gas Relations
↓
Rankine
met
ficiency
Device
Maha out might out Heat
=
Efficiency
Isentropie
=
+
Single input charging
=
hi
enthalpy
we
=
Maha in + mahBin
=
-
Au + AKE + APE
=
exchanger
Relation
he
=
-
Q-w Emi(h + + gz)ou+ Em(h + gz)in
Steady flow control Volume
exit
r (Pc P , )
=
No flow use internal energy
Heat
Entropy Change
DS
mIIR
m(-SOT-R
=
Entropy generation
=
DSsys
+
&S surr-0