CHAPTER FIVE HEALTHCARE TERMINOLGY VOCABULARY
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Word
Alimentary canal
Anastomosis
Anorexiants
Antiemetics
Appendectomy
Appendicitis
Bariatric surgery
Barrett Esophagus
Biliary colic
Bilirubin
Calculi
Cholangitis
Cholecystectomy
Cholecystitis
Cholelithiasis
Chyme
Cirrhosis
Colitis
Colostomy
Crohn’s Disease
Diverticulitis
Definition
The tubelike nature of the digestive system, starting at the mouth
and continuing in varying diameters to the anus.
New connection created between two usually hollow structures.
Appetite suppressants designed to aid in weight control, often in an
attempt to treat morbid obesity.
Prevent or alleviate nausea and vomiting.
Inflammation of the vermiform appendix
A variety of surgical procedures done to control morbid obesity by
reducing the size of the stomach and/or by rerouting the small
intestine to reduce the absorption of nutrients.
A condition caused by chronic reflux from the stomach. Associated
with an increased risk of cancer.
Upper right quadrant pain, sometimes caused by the presence of
calculi.
Waste product formed by the normal breakdown of hemoglobin in
red blood cells at the end of their life spans, and cholesterol.
Stones
Inflammation of the bile vessels.
Removal of the gallbladder.
Inflammation of the GB either acute or chronic. May be caused by
choledocholithiasis or cholelithiasis.
Presence of stones in the gallbladder.
Mixture of food, gastric juices, and hydrochloric acid during the
digestive process.
Chronic degenerative disease of the liver, commonly associated with
alcohol abuse, chronic liver disease, and biliary tract disorders.
Inflammation of the large intestine
New opening of the colon or the large intestine.
Inflammation of the ileum or the colon that is of idiopathic origin.
Also called regional or granulomatous enteritis .
Inflammation occurring secondary to the occurrence of pouches in
the lining of the small or large intestines.
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Diverticulosis
Dyspepsia
Dysphagia
Emesis
Endoscopy
Enteral nutrition
Fistula
Flatus
Gastralgia
Gastritis
Gastrectomy
Gastroenterology
GI Tract
Halitosis
Hematemesis
Hematochezia
Herpetic stomatitis
Ischemia
Jaundice
Ligation
Lysis of adhesions
Mastication
Melena
Paracentesis
Parenteral nutrition
Peristalsis
Polyps
Pyloric stenosis
Development of diverticula, pouches in the lining of the small or
large intestine.
Feeling of epigastric discomfort that occurs shortly after eating. The
discomfort may include feelings of nausea, fullness, heartburn,
and/or bloating. Also called indigestion.
Difficulty with swallowing that may be due to an obstruction or a
motor disorder.
Vomiting
Process of viewing within
Introduced through a digestive structure.
Abnormal channel between organs or from an internal organ to the
surface of the body.
Gas expelled through the anus.
Gastric pain
Acute or chronic inflammation of the stomach that may be
accompanied by anorexia, nausea, and vomiting or indigestion.
Surgical removal of all or part of the stomach.
The main digestive system
The gastrointestinal tract- responsible for digesting food, absorbing
nutrients, and eliminating waste.
Bad-smelling breath
Vomiting of blood
Bright red, frank lower GI bleeding from the rectum that may
originate in the distal colon. Passage of bloody stools.
Fever blisters
Loss of blood flow.
Yellowing of the skin and sclerae caused by elevated levels of
bilirubin- Icterus.
Tying off of a blood vessel or duct (The cystic duct is ligated when
the GB is removed during a cholecystectomy)
Surgical destruction of adhesions (Scar tissue that binds two
anatomic surfaces)
Breakdown of food by chewing
Black, tarry stools caused by the presence of partially digested blood
Procedure for withdrawing fluid from a body cavity, most commonly
to remove fluid accumulated in the abdominal cavity
Introduced through a structure outside of the alimentary canal,
usually intravenously.
Wave-like movement in the digestive system that contracts and
relaxes to move food through the tract.
Benign growth that may occur in the intestines
Condition in which the muscle between the stomach and the small
intestine narrows or fails to open adequately to allow partially
digested food into the duodenum.
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Regurgitation
Stoma
Strangulation
Uvula
Prefixes
EndoExoHypoParPeriSubSuffixes
-al, -ar, -eal, -ic, -id,
-ine, -ous
-chezia
-crine
-ectomy
-emesis
-kinin
-pepsia
-phagia
-rrhaphy
-rrhea
-scopy
-stasis
-stomy
-tresia
Return of swallowed food to the mouth. May describe any backward
flow in the body, not just that of a GI nature.
Artificial opening on the abdominal wall.
Constriction of a tubular structure, including intestines, leading to
independence of circulation, and resulting in a lack of blood supply
and possible tissue death.
The tag of flesh that hangs down from the medial surface of the soft
palate.
Definition
Within, inside
Outside
Under
Near, beside
Surrounding, around
Under, below
Definition
Pertaining to
Condition of stools
To secrete
Removal, resection, excision
Vomiting
Movement substance
Digestion condition
To eat, swallow. pp
Suture, repair
Discharge, flow
Process of viewing
Contraction
New opening
Condition of an opening
Question
Exocrine glands secret into the_____________.
Endocrine glands secrete into the _______ and ______.
What is the function of bile?
The digestive system is also called the ______ _____
and the _______ ________.
Hepatitis is currently named by the letters ___ to ___.
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Answer
Duct
Blood and lymph vessels
To emulsify or breakdown fats into
smaller particles so they can be
chemically digested.
Gastrointestinal tract and
alimentary canal
A to G
Form
A
B
C
Abbreviation
BM
EGD
ERCP
Three most common forms of Hepatitis
Method of transmission
Food or water contaminated with fecal matter
Blood or sexual contact
Blood transfusion, percutaneous inoculation, or infected needles
Term
Bowel movement
Esophageal
gastroduodenoscopy
Endoscopic retrograde
cholangiopancreatography
GERD
Gastroesophageal reflux
disease
GI
HAV
Gastrointestinal
Hepatitis A virus
HBV
Hepatitis B virus
IBD
Inflammatory Bowel
Disease
IBS
Irritable bowel syndrome
N&V
Nausea And Vomiting
Canker sore
Cold sore or fever blister
Defecation
Gastrodynia
Heartburn
Irreducible hernia
NG tube
Definition/description
Releasing of feces from the body, defecation.
Visual examination of the esophagus, stomach,
and duodenum.
Radiographic imaging of the bile and
pancreatic ducts through the placement of a
duodenoscope in the common bile duct and
injection of a contrast medium into the
common bile duct. A series of x-rays is then
taken to show the backward flow of dye into
the vessels.
Flowing back, or return, of the contents of the
stomach to the esophagus caused by an
inability of the LES to contract normally.
Pertaining to the stomach and intestines
Inflammation of the liver caused by food or
water contaminated with feces
Inflammation of the liver caused by
contaminated blood or sexual contact.
Chronic inflammation of the lining of the
intestine characterized by bleeding and
diarrhea.
Diarrhea, gas, and/or constipation resulting
from stress with no underlying disease.
Sensation that accompanies the urge to
vomiting. Forcible or involuntary emptying of
the stomach through the mouth.
Also Known As (AKA)
AKA
Aphthous stomatitis
AKA
Herpetic stomatitis
AKA
Bowel movement (BM)
AKA
Gastric pain
AKA
Pyrosis
AKA
Incarcerated hernia
AKA
Nasogatric intubation
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Vomitus
AKA
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Emesis/vomit