1. Anatomy and Physiology of the elderly in relation to LT’s injury
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2. Research about the impact of menopause in bone anatomy
 The gender predisposition is because of a thinning of the cortical and trabecular bone
caused by estrogen deficiency. (Snell’s page 530)
 Post-menopausal women are at risk to osteoporosis and are more prone to fractures
since their bones tend to break down more quickly than they are formed, increasing the
risk of fragility fractures in the hip, spine, and wrist.
 Also, as hormones accommodate to the normal menopausal changes, estrogen levels will
drop, and since estrogen helps slow down the natural breakdown of bones, its reduction
speeds up the breakdown of bones.
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3. Ideal living conditions for the elderly
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4. Exercises that the elderly can do to strengthen bone integrity
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Weightbearing Exercise
Brisk walking and hiking
Stair climbing
5. How a patient’s mental state affects his/her recovery
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