1. Atomic Structure
Which statement best explains why the atomic radius of chlorine is smaller than that of sulfur?
A. Chlorine has a greater nuclear charge
B. Chlorine has fewer protons
C. Chlorine has more electron shells
D. Chlorine has a lower electronegativity
2. Periodic Trends
Which element has the highest first ionization energy?
A. Na
B. Mg
C. Al
D. Si
3. Stoichiometry
How many moles of CO₂ are produced when 5.0 moles of propane (C₃H₈) react completely with
excess oxygen?
Balanced equation:
C₃H₈ + 5O₂ → 3CO₂ + 4H₂O
4. Gas Laws
A sample of gas occupies 2.0 L at 300 K. What will be its volume at 600 K, assuming constant
pressure?
5. Thermochemistry
Which process is endothermic?
A. Freezing water
B. Condensing steam
C. Melting ice
D. Forming a bond between two atoms
6. Chemical Kinetics
Which change will increase the rate of a chemical reaction?
A. Lowering the temperature
B. Decreasing surface area
C. Adding a catalyst
D. Increasing activation energy
7. Chemical Equilibrium
For the reaction
N₂(g) + 3H₂(g) ⇌ 2NH₃(g)
Which change will shift equilibrium to the right?
A. Adding NH₃
B. Increasing temperature
C. Decreasing pressure
D. Adding more H₂
8. Acids and Bases
Which solution has the lowest pH?
A. 0.1 M NaOH
B. 0.01 M HCl
C. 0.1 M HCl
D. Pure water
9. Electrochemistry
Which species is oxidized in the following reaction?
Zn(s) + Cu²⁺(aq) → Zn²⁺(aq) + Cu(s)
10. Molecular Geometry
What is the molecular geometry of NH₃?
A. Trigonal planar
B. Tetrahedral
C. Trigonal pyramidal
D. Linear
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