Data transmission
Data packets – Are smaller sections of data, since it is not practical for the whole chunk of data to be sent
at once.
Packet switching- is when the data packets are transmitted individually along a network.
Structure of packets :
 Packet header
 Payload
 Trailer
 Packet header- it consists of the originator’s address(ip), the packet number (assigned by Hop
numbers), destination address(ip).
 Payload- consists of all the data without errors.
 Trailer- indicates the end of packet transmission.
Transmission methods
 Serial- transmission that sends data, bit by bit over a single wire.
 Parallel- transmission that sends multiple bits through multiple wires.
 Simplex- data is transmitted in only one direction.
 Half-duplex- transmission can happen in both directions but, not simultaneously (at the
same time).
 Full- duplex- transmission can happen in both directions