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Global perspectives individual report ( draft )
Topic : Urbanization and migration
Question: How do war migrants affect employment
opportunities in Germany?
PAULA ELIANNA
Introduction
For years different parts of the world have been going through conflict and fighting, from arguing
about land or even ancient history , this is called war. This causes citizens of the area to move
from one place to another. These people are known as war migrants or refugees. Wars and other
forms of violent conflict involving state or non-state actors drive these people to migrate. Kalyvas,
S. (2010). War migrants also known as refugees, are people who have been forced to flee their
homes because of war or violence, often without warning(UNHCR). Employment is working for
at least one hour in a reference week. It also defines three types of employment: for pay,
for profit, and for family gain. Freud, S. (2015). In this report I will discuss how the
employment rate is affected by refugees in Turkey, Colombia, and Germany .
Global Perspectives
TURKEY
Turkey’s economy grew by a big number due to people migrating from countries like Syria.( World
Bank, 2023). But, local citizens feel refugees affect their job chances.This makes getting a job
harder for people that live in Turkey , yet they need to pay taxes.( UN Development
programme,2019) Turkey has given work permits to 1.6 million Syrians (Ministry of Family,
Labor and Social Services, 2020). The World Bank (2022) stated that the payment in jobs with
many refugees dropped by a huge percentage.They also stated that refugees affect the productivity
of natives of fixed characteristics making . They solved the crisis with the syrians by continuing
to support and invest in education and other sectors to make it fair and equal with the other
citizens.(TÜİK - Veri Portalı, n.d.).
COLOMBIA
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In Colombia they find war migrants from indigenous groups ; to be specific, neighboring
countries, a positive effect when it comes to employment.( UNHCR,2022)They are quite
cultural and do not interfere with anything economical and live on the colombian pacific
coast. Redmond, B. R. (2022, December 12).War migrants increase their economic
growth and are a major help to the country. Colombia offered temporary work visas,
education, and training to encourage refugee integration.(“Adapting Public Policies in
Response to an Unprecedented Influx of Refugees and Migrants: Colombia Case Study
of Migration From Venezuela,” 2023)
National perspective
GERMANY
In germany ,they have collected suggestive that there has been a significant impact of new
migrants on the overall employment rate, they state that this negative effect is substantially larger
than those reported in previous studies on the employment effect of immigration in the German
labor market and that citizens are finding it an inconvenience for migrants to take on in work
placement.Other than that Germany has a lot of qualities and opportunities that push migrant to
come.Erol, I., & Unal, U. (2022).The German government has streamlined processes to
recognize foreign qualifications and professional credentials. This helps refugees bring
their skills into the labor market more effectively, addressing skill shortages in various
sectors.Heß, B. (2024).
The issue and effects
The issue is war migrants affecting the employment rate . War migrants often negatively affect
employment rates in host countries, primarily by increasing the labor supply in certain
sectors, potentially leading to wage depression, competition for jobs with local workers,
and increased pressure on low-skilled employment, especially when large numbers of
migrants arrive with limited skills and language proficiency; however, the impact can vary
depending on the skills of the migrants, the economic conditions of the host country, and
government policies regarding migrant worker integration. (Bank, 2018).
Course of action
Although Migration is not a process that can be stopped nor is employment.As a country they
have to think of different alternatives on how to minimize the issue .First, training programs can
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improve job skills for everyone, it is researched and prove that countries with good training
programs saw a 20% - 30% increase in job placements.(Nations, 2022). Campaigns that teach
people about the benefits of migrants can improve public opinion, studies have shown that there
is a 70% that campaigns work out. Also, working together through public-private partnerships can
create jobs that benefit everyone.(Oecd, 2016)
Perspective evaluation
Both global and national perspectives both have differences but are similar in some way.Germany
and Turkey both feel that immigrants are affecting their employment opportunities and rate
.Germany and Colombia seem to both accept neighbouring countries that are at war into the
country.Despite all of this, Germany has less experience in hosting war migrants than Turkey thus
making it harder for them to adapt to this practice. Germany is not exposed to indigenous groups
as of Colombia, Colombia also seems to find it beneficial to have migrants and say it promotes
work while Germany says the opposite.
Evaluation of resources
2010-2024 are the years the information was found and published, the resources used were mainly
not biased and talked about the situation both the migrants and the countries were going through .
Though some had a strong “side” toward the issue , some information was still obtained.Since the
year gap is quite massive , 14 years to be exact information from the source may be outdated or
old making it unreliable and might spread wrong information.But, information from the years
2022-2024 are way more reliable and up to date with the crisis.Although, they might be old or new
they have strong reasoning towards the point and is most likely 95% correct.Information from
UNHCR , world bank and OECD were extremely helpful and resourceful, for they had information
on the topic we are working and discussing about.
Personal response/perspective
Based on the research I have collected , I have more understanding as to why war migrants have
both a positive effect and a negative effect towards different countries.Before I had started my
report I was unaware of the reasons why people migrate from one country to another and how it
affects the host country.I have observed that this has an impact on job opportunities and that it is
a major concern.I have learnt how to research for answers, reflect on points and analyse
information. This project has strengthened my awareness and skills.I am more educated about war
in countries , how it brings communities together and how it separates them .
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`Word count -998
REFERENCES
Redmond, B. R. (2022, December 12). Colombia: growing impact of forced
displacement. UNHCR. https://www.unhcr.org/news/briefing-notes/colombiagrowing-impact-forced-displacement accessed-07/01/25
Erol, I., & Unal, U. (2022). Employment effects of immigration to Germany in the
period of migration policy liberalization, 2005–2018. Eurasian Economic Review,
12(3), 531–565. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40822-022-00199-4 - accessed ; 08/01/25
WorldBank. (n.d.). World Bank Group - International Development, Poverty and
Sustainability. https://www.worldbank.org/ext/en/home - accessed; 11/10/24
Brücker, H., Kosyakova, Y., & Vallizadeh, E. (2020). Has there been a “refugee
crisis”? New insights on the recent refugee arrivals in Germany and their
integration prospects. Soziale Welt, 71(1–2), 24–53. https://doi.org/10.5771/00386073-2020-1-2-24 - accesseed;11/10/24
Eccleston, R. (2011). The OECD and global economic governance. Turkish
Journal of International Affairs, https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/oecdeconomic-surveys-colombia-2024_a1a22cd6-en.html-accessed;01/01/25
OECD. (2019). *Supporting the Sustainable Integration of Refugees in Germany*.
Retrieved from [OECD](https://www.oecd.org/germany/supporting-thesustainable-integration-of-refugees-in-germany-9c5434d9-en.htm) accessed;8/10/24
(
article )
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Musasizi, J., Arunachalam, D., & Forbes-Mewett, H. (2024). Understanding the
Dynamics of Refugee Impact on Employment: Evidence from Northern America.
International Migration Review. https://doi.org/10.1177/01979183231216085 accessed ;2/02/25
( article )
Bank, W. (2018). Moving for prosperity: Global Migration and Labor Markets.
World Bank Publications.Bank, W. (2018). - accessed ; 2/02/25
( book )
TÜİK
-
Veri
portalı.
(n.d.).
https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Kategori/GetKategori?p=enflasyon-ve-fiyat-106&dil=2
accessed ;3/02/25
-
( article )
Youth employment and migration in Turkey. (2024, January 29). International
Labour
Organization.
https://www.ilo.org/publications/youth-employment-and-
migration-turkey -accessed; 3/02/25 ( article)
Adapting public policies in response to an unprecedented influx of refugees and
migrants: Colombia case study of migration from Venezuela. (2023). In
https://thedocs.worldbank.org/en/doc/7277e925bdaa64d6355c42c8977212990050062023/original/WDR-Colombia-Case-Study-FORMATTED.pdf . world bank.
-accessed;4/02/25