Name:
Date:
Period:
Matter
1. Matter is anything that has ___________ and takes up_____________.
Ex: - every object (tiny or big) act as matter like table, chair, backpack, pencil
2. Matter can be classified into different categories:  Pure substances
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Elements
 Compounds
 Mixtures
 Homogenous mixture
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Heterogenous mixture
Pure Substance
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Matter that always has exactly the _________________ is classified as pure substance,
or simply a substance.
Ex:- Table salt and sugar. Every pinch of salt or sugar tastes equally salty or sweet.
Elements
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An element is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
Elements have __________________ because it contains only one type of atom. An
atom is the smallest particle of an atom.
Ex: - Aluminum foil, Drink cans are made up of aluminum. Carbon is the main element in the
lead of your pencil. Copper wire has copper atoms in it.
Compounds
 A substance that is made from ________________simpler substances.
 A compound always contains two or more elements joined in _________proportion.
Ex: - Water (H2O) is made up of Hydrogen and Oxygen in fixed ratio 2:1, Two hydrogen atoms
for each oxygen atom.
Mixtures
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a substance made by ____________ other substances together.
- Homogeneous mixture
- Heterogeneous mixture
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________________mixture: - Substances are evenly distributed that it is
_____________________one substance in the mixture from another. Ex: - stainless
steel spoon is made up of iron, nickel and chromium. Salt or sugar dissolved in water.
 ___________________mixtures: - the parts of the mixture are
__________________from one another. Ex: - Sand in water, oil in water, handful of
sand beach has different color, size particles in it.
 Based on the ___________________________, a mixture can be classified as a
solution, a suspension or a colloid.
 Solutions: When substances dissolve and form a homogenous mixture. Ex: Tap water,
sugar or salt in water.
- Light passes through them ________________________in all directions
- The size of particles is ________________, so they pass through a filter.
 Suspension is a heterogeneous mixture that _______________________over time.
Ex: sand in water, overtime sand settles down to the bottom of the container.
- Larger particles _____________ light in all directions, suspensions are cloudy.
- The size of particles is ___________, so sand would remain in the filter paper.
 Colloids contain some particles that are ________________ in size between the small
particles in a solution and the larger particles in a suspension. Ex: - in the Milk you buy
at the store, the cream does not form a separate layer.
- Colloids _______________light in all directions.
- Colloids ________________into layers. So, filter cannot be used to separate it.
Physical Properties:
A physical property is any characteristic of a material that can be observed or measured
_________________________the composition of the substance in the material.
Viscosity
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Conductivity
Boiling Point
Melting Point
Malleability
Hardness Density
Viscosity: the ______________of a liquid. The higher the viscosity, the slower it moves,
usually decreases when heated. Ex: Honey is more viscous
Conductivity: ability to _________________to flow Ex: Metal is more conductive than
wood
Malleability: the ability of a solid to be _______________________. Ex: Silver is more
malleable than glass
Hardness: the ability of one substance ______________another substance. Ex: Knife
will scratch a copper sheet.
Density: the ratio of a substance’s __________________________. Density =
mass/Volume
Melting Point: The ___________________at which a substance changes from a
_________ to ___________.
Ex: Ice to water at 0 °C.
Boiling point: The ______________________at which a substance changes from a
_______to ______.
Ex: Water to steam at 100 °C.
Use of Physical Properties:
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To ___________________________: for purity, paint is a mixture of substances,
chemists do tests to distinguish one type from another.
 To ________a material for a __________purpose: Ex you wouldn’t want shoelaces
made from wood.
 Some properties are used to ________________. Two common methods are Filtration
and Distillation.
 ________________: is a process that separates materials based on the ________of
their particles.
Ex: Separating loose leaves of tea through a strainer.
 ___________________: is a process that separates the substances in a solution based
on their ______________. Ex: Converting seawater into fresh water.
Chemical properties:
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A chemical property is any ability to produce a ____________ in the ____________of
matter and can be observed when a substance changes into
________________________.
 Two types of chemical properties: Flammability and Reactivity
 ________________: Material’s ability to __________in the presence of ____________.
Ex: Newspaper is more flammable than rubber.
 Reactivity: How easily a substance ______________ with another substance
______________. Ex: Iron combines with oxygen to form rust.
Physical change
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Some properties may change, but the change________ makes a new substance.
Composition of _______remains the same.
 Process could possibly be__________
 Ex: - Cutting, Dissolving, Smashing, Molding, Mixing, Scratching
Chemical change
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A change that produces one or more _____________, the composition of matter
changes.
 Atoms________, breaking ______________and forming new ones, resulting in
____materials
 All chemical changes have changes in __________
 Exothermic: __________heat (feels hot)
 Endothermic: __________in heat (feels cold)
Indicators of Chemical change
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___________of a Gas - A gas is released - bubbles
Formation of a____________ - A solid is created from a solution
Evolution/Absorption of Heat - A _________change can be felt or measured
Emission of Light - Gives ______________
Change of Color in the System - Change in _______without interference from the
observer
States of Matter
Materials can be __________as solids, liquids,or gasses based on whether their_________
and____________ are definite or variable.
 Solid
 Liquid
 Gas
 Plasma
Solids
 Particles are_________ close together
 Particles vibrate in place
 Relatively__________ kinetic energy
 Strong forces of_____________.
 Similar to people in a movie theate
Liquid
 Particles are __________together
 Particle slide past one another
 Relatively___________ Kinetic energy
 Medium____________________________ between particles
 Think about moving through school hallways
Gas
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Particles very____ apart
Particles move ___________ , ___________colliding with one another
High____________
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Less or no forces of attraction between the particles
Plasma
 Plasma is an__________, a gas into which sufficient energy is provided to
_________from atoms or molecules and to allow both species, ions and electrons, to
coexist.
 Ex: the excited____________ gas inside neon signs and fluorescent lights
Recall
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All matter is made of _________particles.
All those particles have____________.
Conservation of Energy
Energy is neither__________, nor__________. It simply changes from one form to
another.
 Kinetic = motion, Kinetic Energy = energy in motion
Kinetic molecular theory
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Atoms and molecules are____________ moving
The _____________the material’s energy, the _____________movement in the
molecules.
 The ____________movement in the molecules, the____________ the temperature of
that material.
 Forces of attraction among particles in a gas can be _________under ordinary
conditions.
Heat Vs. Temperature
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Heat = the_________________________ from one object to another of a different
temperature
 ________energy results in _________molecular movement
 Temperature = the measurement of heat. The measurement of the
_________________________of the particles in a sample of matter
Phase Change
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Phase change is the ____________physical change that occurs when a substance
changes from one state of __________to another.
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Temperature of a substance ________________change during a phase change.
Energy and Phase Change
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Energy is either _________or _________ during a phase change.
Endothermic change: the system________________ from the surrounding.Ex: melting
of ice.
Exothermic change: the system _______________to its surroundings.Ex:Freezing of
water.
Melting and Freezing:
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Melting: When a solid _______to liquid. Ex: Ice changes to water by __________energy.
Molecules _________enough energy to __________quickly and temperature_______
once melting is completed.
Freezing: When a liquid _________to solid. Ex: water changes to ice by _________
energy. Molecules________ enough energy to move slowly and temperature gets
__________once freezing is completed.
Vaporization and Condensation
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Vaporization: When a substance _________________in order to change from a liquid to
gas. Ex: Change of Water to steam by evaporation or boiling.
Condensation: When a substance__________________- in order to change from a gas
to liquid. Ex: - Morning dew on the blades of grass.
Sublimation and Deposition
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Sublimation: When a solid_____________________ to a gas or vapor, without changing
to a _________first. ____________ is gained in this process. Ex: as dry ice sublimes,
the cold carbon dioxide vapor causes water vapor in the air to condense and form
clouds.
Deposition: When a ___________________-changes to a solid directly, without
changing into a liquid first. Energy is__________________ this process. Ex: Frost
formation on windows.
Phase Change diagram
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Phase diagram is a ____________ representation of the physical states of a substance
under different conditions of __________________ and __________________.
A phase diagram has energy on the__________ and temperature on
the_____________.