College Readiness Perception Of SLRSHS G12 TVL ICT Students
Literature Review
This part presents the related literature and studies which may strengthen and support
this study.
1.1 College Readiness
According to Conley (2012), college readiness refers to student’s readiness to be admit
for tertiary education. It can be can be conceptualized into four main features, which
related to one another: 1) Key cognitive strategies; 2) Key content knowledge; 3)
Academic behaviors; and 4) Contextual skills and knowledge. Key cognitive strategies
signifies a skill for individual to think critically and perform problem-solving task. Its
essential basis of college readiness, as it makes students prepared in learning the key
content through different disciplines. Academic behavior is the ability of individual to
regularly attend class and follow the school rules and policies as it impacts ones
preparedness for college. Contextual skills and knowledge is the ability to apply the
knowledge in context of education and cultural backgrounds, like deciding the right
college and course.
1.2 Perception
Perception is defined as the action of individual’s interpretation of experiences to
understand their environment. These are influenced by their beliefs, emotions, and
social environment. This includes organizing and interpreting information with their own
understanding or knowledge (Schunk, 2020). With regard to education, the perceptions
of students can impact their motivation, decision-making, and readiness for higher
education.
1.3 Senior High School
The Department Of Education (DepEd), introduced the Senior High School (SHS), which
part of K-12 curriculum, that adds another two years of education. This curriculum
provide students with core, applied, and specialized subject. This program aimed to
prepare students for higher education and employment (DepEd, 2013).
1.4 TVL ICT Track
College Readiness Perception Of SLRSHS G12 TVL ICT Students
The Technical Vocational Livelihood (TVL) track and The Information and
Communication Technology (ICT) is a strand that was part of the track that help and
provide learners technical skills for digital economy. This strand provide students skills
such as programming, digital animation, and hardware servicing. The government goal
aligned with TVL ICT track to make graduates that have technical skills that match the
need of digital economy (DepEd, 2021).
There are various laws and policies that are in place in the Philippines which help in the
growth of the TVL programs for the Senior High School students so as to improve their
college and career preparedness. The R.A No. 10533 (Enhanced Basic Education Act of
2013) introduced the K to 12 system which improves the students academic and
employability skills. Additionally, Department of Education Order No. 54, s. 2022,
provides guidelines for the selection of TVL tracks that are relevant to student interests
and regional developments, making them relevant to the workforce and higher
education. Additionally, Senate Resolution No. 935 addresses the issue of low
certification rates among TVL graduates, emphasizing the need for better use of funds
and better outcomes, as certification is critical to career development and education.
Major Problem and Findings Identified
College Readiness: Performance in Learning Areas and Campus Differences
According to a study by Mamba et. al. (2020), 62.7% of students was college unready.
They perform poorly on subjects like Mathematics and Science, but shows a college
readiness with languages and literature. Also, campus difference plays big role in
student’s college readiness, as big campus may have a better resources and education
quality that make the college readiness of students high.
Aspirations and Confidence Level of Students
A study by Seisa and Galabo (2023), states that students have a high aspiration level, in
terms of positive attitude that is important to follow their aspirations. It’s important to
have these skills and emotions because these are needed to achieve college readiness.
Though, according to the study, student have a low confidence level compared to other
indicators. Signifying that this area needs to be improved.
College Readiness Perception Of SLRSHS G12 TVL ICT Students
Impact of Socioeconomic and Educational Background
Parental income, education, and school type is one of the factors that impact a
student’s readiness. Based on the study, private school graduates and families that have
a high income are most fortunate due to the greater access, while the graduates from
public schools struggles to achieve the same readiness level (Asuncion et al., 2021).
Recommendations and Question Raised on Previous Study
According to the study made by Mamba et. Al. (2020), recommends that the
Department of Education (DepEd) should improve its instructional quality in all subject,
especially in Science and Mathematics, where students have a low level of readiness. It
also suggest the use of College Readiness Test (CRT) as an admission tool as an
admission tool for Higher Education Tool (HEIs), especially those without entrance
exam. Additionally, public and private HEIs should adopt stricter admission standards
and develop transition program to help unprepared students make the transition to
college. The study questioned the effectiveness of K-12 program in preparing students
for college, and asked if College Readiness Standard (CRS) competencies outlined are
being mastered in senior high school. Additionally, it questions HEIs can assess the
readiness of students and whether a tool like CRT can be standardized over all
institutions.
Parents and teachers should encourage students to pursue their dreams and provide
them with the knowledge and skills needed for college. They also recommend that
students seek support and resources, and attend conferences. Also, future graduates
should build a good profile as it indicates potential for college success. Additionally, it’s
recommended that researchers should broaden sample size and examine the factors
that influence connection between aspirations and college readiness of students. It is
recommended to focus on examining the relationship between student’s expectations
and college readiness, and various measures such as conflict and expectations.
Questions were asked to 12th grades, their gender, family income, and level of
achievement. It examined their college readiness, additionally their aspirations and
readiness were assessed and the relationship of aspirations and their college readiness.
(Seisa & Galabo, 2023).
College Readiness Perception Of SLRSHS G12 TVL ICT Students
A study by Asuncion et. al. (2021), recommends that the education stakeholders should
improve the alignment of Senior High School with programs for college to make the
students more prepared. Also, they recommend to enhance the resources in schools
especially in public, increasing support for family for students especially those lowincome, to solve the college readiness gap. Questions were raised about the K-12
curriculum effectiveness and its ability to prepare the students for college. It questioned
whether the Senior High School tracks aligned with the demand of collge programs.
Additionally, further exploration was called like how parental involvement and school
resources affects the students outcome.
The K-12 curriculum particularly the TVL ICT track is perceived as effective in teaching
practical skills for the digital economy but ineffective for further education systems.
This is because critics have pointed out that there is a disparity with the academic
development being neglected (Asuncion et al., 2021).
Also, the difference in public college and preparedness private between school the
students is seen; this is because, private colleges have better facilities as compared to
the public schools where there is congestion and limited resources (Mamba et al.,
2020).
Finally, some issues have been raised concerning the College Readiness Standards
(CRS) which reveal that these competencies are not well embedded in the Senior High
School programs thus widening the preparedness gaps (Seisa & Galabo, 2023).
There is no research on college readiness when it comes to TVL ICT students’ college
readiness. New research should aim at examining the impact of TVL ICT on students’
choice and results in college and for their college. employment Furthermore,
opportunities it as is well important as to the determine contrast if between the the K12 academic curriculum and is TVL applicable tracks to in college readying students and
the role of the qualifications of the teachers who teach TVL ICT courses on students’
preparedness.
This study helps in filling some of the gaps that are present in the study. First, it
examines TVL ICT students’ perception on their college readiness together with how
technical training affects the students’ self-efficacy and goals. Improving these
understanding can help in improving the TVL ICT track. Second, it looks at the
College Readiness Perception Of SLRSHS G12 TVL ICT Students
relationship between the socio-economic background of the students and institutional
factors such as the quality of teachers and the availability of resources for learning.
Third, it assesses the efficacy of the K-12 career guidance and transition programs and
the sufficiency of such programs in readying the students for further education or
employment.