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Tổng hợp bài mẫu IELTS Writing Task 2 dạng
Two-part question
Topic 1: Shopping ....................................................................................... 2
Topic 2: Work............................................................................................... 7
Topic 3: Children & Computer Games ................................................. 12
Topic 4: Tourism ........................................................................................ 16
Topic 5: TV channels ................................................................................ 20
Topic 6: Family .......................................................................................... 24
Topic 7: Society ......................................................................................... 28
Topic 8: City life ........................................................................................ 32
Topic 9: Work............................................................................................. 36
Topic 10: Competitiveness ..................................................................... 40
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Topic 1: Shopping
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More and more people want to buy clothes, cars and other products
from well-known brands. What are the reasons? Do you think it is a
positive or negative development? (Đề thi ngày 02/02/2019)
Bài mẫu
Nowadays, purchasing items such as cars or
clothes from famous brands is becoming
increasingly popular among a large number of
people. The reasons behind this trend will be
outlined in the following essay and, in my opinion,
it could bring both positive and negative
consequences in equal measure.
To begin with, the tendency of using large brand
products mostly stems from people’s beliefs on
personal possessions reflecting wealth, social
status, and appearance(1). More specifically,
many people associate clothes and accessories
from popular brand names such as Nike or Adidas
with high quality and fashionable designs.
Therefore, these items are more suitable for
enhancing people’s appearance than the
products from smaller brands. In addition, some
types of goods like cars from luxurious brands
are usually sold at exorbitant prices because
of their expensive materials or unique features (2.)
Hence, these items are often considered as a tool
for the rich to show off their social status or
their wealth.
Personal possessions
reflect wealth, social
status,
and
appearance: tài sản cá
nhân phản ánh sự giàu
sang, địa vị xã hội, và bề
ngoài
To enhance people’s
appearance: làm đẹp vẻ
bề ngoài
Luxurious brands: nhãn
hàng xa xỉ
To be sold at exorbitant
prices: được bán với giá
rất cao
To show off their social
status or their wealth:
khoe địa vị xã hội hay sự
giàu có
On the other hand, more people purchasing
goods from famous brands can bring both merits
and drawbacks to the business world. Countries
where famous brands are based are more likely
to have a strong and healthy economy. For
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instance, the US - the home country of many
large brands, such as Apple and Microsoft, has
been the strongest economic superpower since
the late 20th century partly since the products of
these enterprises are favored not only in
domestic but also in foreign markets(3). However,
the rise of dominant brand names can be a
factor leading to monopoly as large companies
will attempt to dominate and finally wipe out
smaller rivals to maintain their positions.
In conclusion, the tendency of consuming goods
from famous brands largely comes from people’s
perception of personal belongings showing their
wealth, social status and appearance. This trend
can bring both positive and harmful effects to the
business market and, therefore, should be wellconsidered by the government to prevent
largescale monopoly.
The
strongest
economic superpower:
cường quốc kinh tế mạnh
nhất
Dominant
brand
names: nhãn hàng thịnh
hành
To
maintain
their
positions: giữ vững vị thế
To prevent large-scale
monopoly: ngăn cản thế
độc quyền theo quy mô
lớn
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Cấu trúc câu
Câu (1): To begin with, the tendency of using large brand products
mostly stems from people’s beliefs on personal possessions reflecting
wealth, social status, and appearance.

Cấu trúc cần lưu ý:
Mệnh đề “reflecting wealth, social status, and appearance” là mệnh đề
quan hệ rút gọn (dạng chủ động) bổ sung thông tin cho “personal
possessions”.
Cấu trúc “the tendency of something/V-ing” đồng nghĩa “tend to do
something”, mang nghĩa xu hướng của một việc gì/thói quen gì.
Cấu trúc “stem from something” đồng nghĩa với “to be the result of
something”, mang nghĩa là kết quả của điều gì đó.
Từ nối “To begin with” đứng ở đầu câu, để trình bày ý chính đầu tiên trong
đoạn.
Câu (2): In addition, some types of goods like cars from luxurious brands
are usually sold at exorbitant prices because of their expensive materials
or unique features.

Cấu trúc cần lưu ý:
Cấu trúc “like + N” đồng nghĩa với “such as + N”, được dùng để đưa ra ví dụ
để minh họa, làm rõ cho danh từ chính.
Cấu trúc “because of something/V-ing” đồng nghĩa với “due to
something/V-ing”, được dùng để đưa ra nguyên nhân.
Từ nối “In addition” đứng ở đầu câu, được dùng khi người viết muốn đưa ra
thêm luận điểm mới.
Câu (3): For instance, the US - the home country of many large brands,
such as Apple and Microsoft, has been the strongest economic
superpower since the late 20 th century partly since the products of these
enterprises are favored not only in domestic but also in foreign markets.
5
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
Cấu trúc cần lưu ý:
Mệnh đề “the home of many large brands” là bổ ngữ bố sung thông tin
cho “The US”.
Cấu trúc “not only … but also …” mang nghĩa là không chỉ (“not only”) đúng
đối với cái này mà còn (“but also”) đúng với cái khác nữa.
Từ nối “since + mệnh đề” đồng nghĩa với “because”, có chức năng đưa ra
nguyên nhân.
Từ nối “For instance” được dùng khi muốn đưa ra ví dụ, đứng ở đầu câu và
theo sau phải là một mệnh đề.
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Topic 2: Work
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The world of work is rapidly changing and employees cannot depend on
having the same job or the same working conditions for life. Why is it the
case? Can you suggest some ways to prepare people to work in the
future? (Đề thi ngày 02/03/2019)
Bài mẫu
These days, people’s workplaces are constantly
changing and evolving to meet the demands
of modern society. Furthermore, the roles and
responsibilities of jobs are also undergoing
changes to adapt to new ways of working and
living. This essay will discuss the possible reasons
for these changes, and suggest some ways that
people can better prepare themselves for their
future careers.
Firstly, due to the developments in hi-tech
machines and artificial intelligence, millions of
people all around the world are losing their jobs
and being replaced by automated processes.
For example, millions of factory workers have lost
their jobs because they have been replaced by
machines that are able to do their job quicker and
more effectively(1). Furthermore, as a result of the
ever-increasing desire to cut expenses and
increase profits, many jobs are being
outsourced to countries where the wages are
lower. For instance, when a person calls a tech
support help line in an English speaking country,
they will most likely be connected to someone in
another country, like India or Philippines, where
the wages are lower(2).
To change and evolve
to meet the demands of
modern society: thay
đổi và phát triển để đáp
ứng yêu cầu của xã hội
hiện đại
To adapt to something:
thích nghi với cái gì đó
The developments in
hi-tech machines and
artificial
intelligence:
những sự phát triển của
máy móc công nghệ cao
và trí thông minh nhân
tạo
Be
replaced
by
automated processes:
bị thay thế bởi những quy
trình tự động
The
ever-increasing
desire to cut expenses
and increase profits:
nhu cầu tăng lên về việc
cắt giảm chi tiêu và tối đa
lợi nhuận
Outsourced: thực hiện
bởi một bên khác
However, there are a number of ways that people
can prepare for changes in their workplaces in the
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future. Firstly, students preparing to leave high
school need to be advised about the
sustainability of the career path they are
choosing. To illustrate, autonomous vehicles are
predicted to replace most delivery and taxi driver
jobs in the very near future, so this is not a job that
someone should expect to have for a very long
time. Furthermore, while some jobs are being
replaced by technology, many jobs are simply
incorporating technology into their process,
and therefore people will need to be able to keep
up to date with these changes(3). To help achieve
this, specific courses could be designed to help
educate people on the use of modern technology
in their workplaces.
Autonomous vehicles:
phương tiện tự động
To
incorporate
technology into their
process: kết hợp công
nghệ vào trong quy trình
To keep up to date with
something: cập nhật với
cái gì đó (xu hướng, công
nghệ…)
In conclusion, although there are many changes
in the workplace these days, educating people to
carefully choose their career and to keep up to
date with modern technology, is the key to
avoiding any major problems.
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Cấu trúc câu
Câu (1): For example, millions of factory workers have lost their jobs
because they have been replaced by machines that are able to do their
job quicker and more effectively.

Cấu trúc cần lưu ý:
Mệnh đề “are able to do their job quicker and more effectively” là mệnh
đề quan hệ bổ sung nghĩa cho “machines”.
Cấu trúc “be able to do something” nghĩa là có khả năng làm điều gì đó.
Cấu trúc “be replaced by something” nghĩa là bị thay thế bởi cái gì đó.
Từ nối “For example” được dùng khi người viết muốn đưa ra ví dụ, tương tự
với For instance.
Cấu trúc “because + mệnh đề” có chức năng đưa ra nguyên nhân.
Câu (2): For instance, when a person calls a tech support help line in an
English speaking country, they will most likely be connected to someone
in another country, like India or Philippines, where the wages are lower.

Cấu trúc cần lưu ý:
Mệnh đề “when a person calls a tech support help line in an English
speaking country”, là mệnh đề chỉ thời gian bổ sung thông tin cho mệnh
đề chính.
Mệnh đề “the wages are lower” là mệnh đề quan hệ bổ sung nghĩa cho
“India or Philippines”.
Từ nối “For instance” được dùng khi người viết muốn đưa ra ví dụ, tương tự
với “For example”.
Câu (3): Furthermore, while some jobs are being replaced by technology,
many jobs are simply incorporating technology into their process, and
therefore people will need to be able to keep up to date with these
changes.

Cấu trúc cần lưu ý:
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Mệnh đề “while some jobs are being replaced by technology” là mệnh đề
phụ thuộc nhằm bổ sung thông tin cho câu sau đó, được viết ở thể bị động
tiếp diễn.
Cấu trúc “keep up to date with something” mang nghĩa cập nhật thường
xuyên.
Cấu trúc “While S+V, S+V” dùng khi người viết muốn so sánh hai thông tin
khác nhau.
Từ nối “therefore” tương tự với “As a result” mang nghĩa là do đó, được
cùng để đưa ra kết quả.
Từ nối “Furthermore” đứng ở đầu câu, để trình bày thêm một luận điểm
mới.
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Topic 3: Children & Computer
Games
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These days, a great number of children prefer spending time on
computer games rather than on sports. Why is it? Is it a positive or
negative development? (Đề thi ngày 04/05/2019)
Bài mẫu
Nowadays, many children spend the majority of
their time playing computer games and hardly
engage in any sport or exercise. Overall, I believe
this is definitely a negative trend and will discuss
the reasons in the following essay.
To begin with, most computer games these days
are highly interactive and allow players to
immerse in a complex storyline and control
characters at their own will. For instance, Mortal
Kombat 11 allows players to easily change the
outcomes of the story based on the character
chosen, which can trigger the imagination and
curiosity of children, and encourage them to
spend the whole day playing to discover all the
story endings(1). The second reason for the
popularity of computer games over sports is the
sedentary lifestyle favoured by a large number of
children, especially those living in big cities.
Compared to sports, computer games are less
physically demanding, and therefore draw
much more attention from these lazy, inactive
children.
Immerse in a complex
storyline: hòa mình vào
một cốt truyện phức tạp
Trigger
the
imagination
and
curiosity: khơi dậy trí
tưởng tượng và sự tò mò
Physically demanding:
đòi hỏi nhiều về sức khỏe
thể chất
Calorie
expenditure:
việc tiêu thụ ca-lo
From my perspective, computer games can have
many detrimental effects on children. Firstly,
spending too much time on computer games
without doing any physical exercise will reduce
children’s calorie expenditure as they only sit at
home and play games. This can make children
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more prone to many health problems, such as
obesity or cardiovascular diseases when they
grow older. Secondly, playing games excessively
also causes children to lose their communication
skills. As a result, it can be very difficult for gameaddicted children to develop the ability to
establish connections with others in real life
which are normally developed through
participation in team sports, like football or
basketball(2).
Establish connections
with others: thiết lập
quan hệ với người khác
In conclusion, playing computer games is
becoming more popular than sports due to the
interesting and interactive content, together with
the low demand for physical strength. I
personally believe that this trend does more
harm than good and should be prevented to
ensure the proper development of children.
14
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Cấu trúc câu
Câu (1): For instance, Mortal Kombat 11 allows players to easily change
the outcomes of the story based on the character chosen, which can
trigger the imagination and curiosity of children, and encourage them to
spend the whole day playing to discover all the story endings.

Cấu trúc cần lưu ý:
Cấu trúc “Mệnh đề chính, which + V”, trong đó đại từ quan hệ “which” thay
thế cho mệnh đề chính, là cấu trúc câu phức với mệnh đề phụ đưa ra tác
động của mệnh đề chính.
Từ nối “for instance” = “for example” được sử dụng để đưa ra ví dụ.
Cấu trúc “to encourage somebody to do something” mang nghĩa khuyến
khích ai làm gì.
Câu (2): As a result, it can be very difficult for game-addicted children to
develop the ability to establish connections with others in real life which
are normally developed through participation in team sports, like
football or basketball.

Cấu trúc cần lưu ý:
Từ nối “as a result” = “as a consequence” được dùng để đưa ra hệ quả của
một sự việc nào đó được đề cập ở phía trước.
Cấu trúc “it can be difficult for somebody to do something” mang nghĩa
rất khó để ai làm được điều gì.
Từ “like” ở câu trên được dùng như “for example” để liệt kê các ví dụ liên
quan đến một sự vật hoặc sự việc trước đó.
15
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Topic 4: Tourism
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Many developing countries are currently expanding their tourism
industries. Why is this the case? Is it a positive development? (Đề thi ngày
01/06/2019)
Bài mẫu
These days, many poorer countries are focusing
their efforts on developing and promoting their
tourism industries. There are some reasons for
this, and I believe this can be a positive
development, despite numerous drawbacks that
can arise.
Personally, I believe that the primary reason for
developing tourism in a country is due to the
economic benefits that it brings. A welldeveloped tourism industry creates a lot of
new businesses and jobs for local people, and an
influx of money from foreign tourists. In addition
to this, promoting international tourism can help
to improve international relations with other
countries, and to share a country’s customs
and culture with people all around the world.
Many people these days are interested in
learning about different cultures and ways of
living, and tourism helps to facilitate this
experience.
However, there are a number of drawbacks that
arise from the expansion of a country’s tourism
industry. For example, in many countries in South
East Asia, tourism has been a major cause of
environmental pollution and destruction(1).
For example, most tourists generally drink bottled
water when on holiday, and this creates
mountains of plastic waste every year. Many
A
well-developed
tourism industry: một
ngành công nghiệp du
lịch được phát triển tốt
An influx of money:
dòng tiền
To
improve
international relations
with other countries:
tăng cường mối quan hệ
với các nước khác
To share a country’s
customs and culture:
chia sẻ những phong tục
tập quán và văn hóa của
quốc gia
To help to facilitate this
experience: giúp tạo điều
kiện mang đến trải
nghiệm này
A major cause of
environmental
pollution
and
destruction:
một
nguyên nhân chính gây ô
nhiễm và phá hủy môi
trường
Mountains of plastic
waste: những núi rác thải
nhựa
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developing countries do not have appropriate
recycling facilities and do not know how to deal
with the waste, and therefore, it commonly ends
up littered throughout the countryside, rivers,
seas, beaches and oceans. Furthermore, the
invasion of tourists into certain places can
disrupt the local wildlife and ecosystems,
causing further environmental damage (2).
In conclusion, I would have to say that expanding
the tourism industry in a country is a positive
development if it is properly managed, and the
environmental and cultural impacts are closely
monitored and minimised.
Appropriate recycling
facilities: những cơ sở tái
chế rác chuyên nghiệp,
đúng cách
The invasion of tourists:
sự tràn ngập khách du
lịch
To disrupt the local
wildlife
and
ecosystems: phá vỡ cuộc
sống hoang dã và hệ sinh
thái
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Cấu trúc câu
Câu (1): For example, most tourists generally drink bottled water when
on holiday, and this creates mountains of plastic waste every year.

Cấu trúc cần lưu ý:
Mệnh đề “when on holiday” là mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian dạng rút
gọn, được viết lại đầy đủ là “when they are on holiday”.
Từ nối “For example” dùng để đưa ra ví dụ minh họa cho ý kiến được trình
bày trước đó, và có thể được thay thế bằng cụm từ “for instance”.
Câu (2): Furthermore, the invasion of tourists into certain places can
disrupt the local wildlife and ecosystems, causing further environmental
damage.

Cấu trúc cần lưu ý:
Mệnh đề “causing further environmental damage” là mệnh đề quan hệ
dạng rút gọn bổ nghĩa cho cả mệnh đề đứng trước đó.
Cấu trúc “the invasion of someone/something into” mang nghĩa sự đổ bộ,
tràn ngập của ai/cái gì vào đâu.
Từ nối “Furthermore” được dùng để đưa ra luận điểm mới trong đoạn, đi
kèm theo sau là một mệnh đề đầy đủ.
19
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Topic 5: TV channels
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Today, TV channels show more men’s sports than women’s sports. Why
is this the case? Should TV channels give equal time for women’s sport
and men’s sport? (Đề thi ngày 04/01/2020)
Bài mẫu
These days, there is a significant difference
between men and women’s sports coverage on
television channels. I believe that women’s sports
should get just as much coverage as men’s, and
will outline my reasons in the following essay(1).
To begin with, there are many reasons for the
dominance of men over women’s sports
programs on TV. Due to a large proportion of
male sports viewers, TV channels tend to produce
sports programs for men to maximize their
ratings and profits. Take football as an example.
When entering a coffee shop, it is easy to catch
groups of men having discussions about a recent
men’s football match, while women show
greater preference for shopping or lifestyle
channels(2). Besides, because men usually
perform better than women in sports such as
boxing and bodybuilding, they play at a much
higher level, which makes men’s sports more
exciting to watch.
The dominance of men
over women’s sports
programs on TV: sự
chiếm ưu thế của chương
trình thể thao nam so với
thể thao nữ
Show
greater
preference for sports:
thể hiện sự ưa chuộng thể
thao hơn
Play at a much higher
level in most sports: thi
đấu thể thao ở một cấp
độ cao hơn
Provide equal coverage
for both genders: cân
bằng thời lượng phát
sóng cho nam và nữ
Create gender equality
in society: tạo sự cân
bằng giới tính giữa nam
và nữ trong xã hội
On the other hand, I am of the opinion that it is
necessary for TV channels to provide equal
coverage for both genders. First, it creates
gender equality in society and increases the
rate of women’s sports participation. In fact,
every time women go out on the field, they give it
their all knowing that their best will likely go
unnoticed. Therefore, just like men, female
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athletes should receive full recognition for their
effort. Secondly, better TV coverage also enables
women
to
make
money
off
from
endorsements and enhance their living
standard. That is to say, more TV exposure for the
female players will lead to major deals with
endorsers and higher salaries in the future
through advertising contracts.
Receive
full
recognition: nhận được
sự chú ý đầy đủ
Make money off from
endorsements: kiếm tiền
từ các hoạt động quảng
cáo (từ người nổi tiếng)
In conclusion, why women’s sports shows do not
receive enough coverage in this day and age
results from those aforementioned reasons, and I
truly believe that it is necessary to ensure equal
coverage of women’s sports(3).
Cấu trúc câu
Câu (1): I believe that women’s sports should get just as much coverage
as men’s, and will outline my reasons in the following essay.

Cấu trúc cần lưu ý:
Từ ‘following’ là động từ nguyên mẫu ‘follow’ thêm ‘ing’, đóng vai trò như
một tính từ giúp bổ nghĩa cho danh từ ‘essay’.
‘As much + Danh từ + as’: có nhiều gì đó bằng, ví dụ:
He earns as much money as I do. (Anh ấy kiếm nhiều tiền như tôi
Câu (2): Take football as an example. When entering a coffee shop, it is
easy to catch groups of men having discussions about a recent men’s
football match, while women show greater preference for shopping or
lifestyle channels.

Cấu trúc cần lưu ý:
Sau cụm từ ‘Take something as an example’ phải là dấu chấm, không phải
là dấu phẩy. Phần sau dấu chấm sẽ là diễn giải chi tiết cho ví dụ.
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Từ ‘while’ dùng để chỉ sự đối lập giữa 2 vế câu, cụ thể: Trong khi nam thích
bàn luận về đá banh, thì nữ thường thích các kênh về shopping và đời
sống.
Câu (3): In conclusion, why women’s sports shows do not receive enough
coverage in this day and age results from those aforementioned reasons,
and I truly believe that it is necessary to ensure equal coverage of
women’s sports.

Cấu trúc cần lưu ý:
Câu trên là một câu ghép bao gồm hai mệnh đề độc lập, nối với nhau bởi
từ nối ‘and’.
Mệnh đề độc lập 1: ‘why … reasons’
Mệnh đề độc lập 2: ‘I truly … sports’
Chủ ngữ trong mệnh đề độc lập 1 là một mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ nguyên
nhân: ‘why women’s sports shows do not receive enough coverage in this
day and age’ và động từ chính là ‘results’.
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Topic 6: Family
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Today, parents spend little free time with their children. Why is this the
case? Who are more affected: parents or children? (Đề thi ngày
16/5/2020)
Bài mẫu
Modern parents hardly spend time with their
children, even in their free time. There are a
number of reasons for this, and children are likely
to face greater consequences of this lack of
parental presence.
Parents are less and less involved in their
children’s lives for two reasons. Firstly, some
people continue to work after leaving office
because many jobs require such extra labour.
Jobs in accounting or banking, for example,
usually entail heavy workloads which may not
be dealt with during office hours(1). This leads to
more time being allocated to work instead of
family. Secondly, many modern parents spend
their free time on smartphones rather than with
their children. Since smartphones grew in
tremendous popularity in the past decades, vast
numbers of people have been drawn and
attached to such devices for different purposes,
be it simply reading news or engaging in social
media activities(2).
Extra labour: lao động
ngoài giờ.
Entail heavy workload:
đòi hỏi khối lượng công
việc nặng.
Emotional distress: lo
âu về mặt tinh thần.
Antisocial
behaviors:
hành vi chống đối xã hội.
Spending little free time with children causes
severe emotional distress and behavioral
problems. Children who lack parental attention
are likely to feel emotionally neglected. This may
lead to lower self-esteem and antisocial
behaviors, including delinquency, illegal drug
use, and unsafe sexual relationships. More
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seriously, this may badly shape those children’s
personalities and perception of life when they
enter adulthood. While parents who are
frequently absent throughout the day can also be
negatively affected, the consequences that their
children have to suffer from are far worse.
Shape personality and
perception: định hướng
tính cách và nhận thức.
In conclusion, due to modern work requirements
and smartphone overuse, parents hardly have
time with their children. This lack of parental
presence does more significant harm to children
than it does to parents(3).
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Cấu trúc câu
Câu (1): Jobs in accounting or banking, for example, usually entail heavy
workloads which may not be dealt with during office hours.

Cấu trúc cần lưu ý:
Cụm từ ‘for example’ có thể đứng nhiều vị trí trong câu, khi đứng giữa câu
thì thường có dấu phẩy trước và sau nó.
Câu (2): Since smartphones grew in tremendous popularity in the past
decades, vast numbers of people have been drawn and attached to such
devices for different purposes, be it simply reading news or engaging in
social media activities.

Cấu trúc cần lưu ý:
Vì trong câu sử dụng trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian ‘in the past decades’, nên thì
hiện tại hoàn thành được sử dụng trong câu này, cụ thể: ‘have been
drawn’.
Cụm từ ‘be it’ là một cách đưa ví dụ, thay vì dùng ‘for example’ hay ‘for
instance’.
Câu (3): This lack of parental presence does more significant harm to
children than it does to parents.

Cấu trúc cần lưu ý:
Từ ‘lack’ vừa là động từ, vừa là danh từ.
Khi ‘lack’ là động từ: lack something: He lacks confidence.
Khi ‘lack’ là danh từ: lack of something: a lack of money.
Từ ‘it’ trong ‘than it does to parents’ là thay thế cho cụm ‘lack of parental
presence’ (thiếu sự hiện diện của cha mẹ) phía trước.
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Topic 7: Society
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People often think about creating an ideal society, but most of the times
fail in making this happen. What is your opinion about an ideal society?
How can we create an ideal society? (Đề thi ngày 02/11/2019)
Bài mẫu
Each person holds a different view on how an
ideal society should be. In my opinion, an ideal
society is the society where everyone who lives in
it behaves with pure altruism. To achieve such a
thing, we have to pay more attention to the
education that young children receive both at
home and at school.
We are facing many crises, be it severe
environmental degradation and widespread
poverty, and unfortunately most of them arise
due to our selfishness(1). When we truly care
about the livelihood of our future generation,
there will be less damage done to the
environment to justify economic progress. Or
when we are aware of the suffering of those who
are living in poor, unsanitary conditions on our
doorstep and genuinely want to offer help, there
will be more charity and less poverty (2). We can
deal with our own problems and build an ideal
society if our actions are driven by pure altruism.
It is, in fact, extremely difficult, if not impossible, to
create a society where everyone behaves with
true selflessness. However, we can make a
paradigm change to our today’s society
through innovating children’s early education. A
sense of altruism emerges during childhood and
can be developed through years of schooling.
Parents can nurture altruism in their children at
Pure altruism: lòng vị
tha chân thật
Severe environmental
degradation
and
widespread poverty: sự
hủy hoại môi trường
nghiêm trọng hoặc đói
nghèo đang lan rộng
The livelihood of our
future generation: kế
sinh nhai của thế hệ
tương lai
Justify
economic
progress: biện minh cho
sự phát triển về kinh tế
Poor,
unsanitary
conditions: điều kiện
nghèo khổ và không đảm
bảo vệ sinh
On our doorstep: rất
gần với nơi chúng ta sống
Make
a
paradigm
change to our today’s
society: thay đổi cơ bản
xã hội ngày nay
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an early age by educating them about sharing
and giving. This may greatly affect the
trajectory
of
a
child’s
personality
development which can later be reinforced by
education at school. As a result, that child is likely
to become an altruistic individual when he
reaches adulthood.
In conclusion, I believe the most important
element of an ideal society is altruism and we
have to focus on nurturing our children’s
altruistic behavior from an early age if we wish
to build such society(3).
Nurturing
our
children’s
altruistic
behavior: nuôi dưỡng
phẩm chất vị tha ở trẻ em
Affect the trajectory of
a child’s personality
development:
ảnh
hưởng đến hướng phát
triển của tính cách ở trẻ
em
Cấu trúc câu
Câu (1) We are facing many crises, be it severe environmental
degradation and widespread poverty, and unfortunately most of them
arise due to our selfishness.

Phân tích:
“Be it”, đây là một cụm từ thường được sử dụng trong văn phong viết báo
chí, với nghĩa gần tương tự với “such as”, dùng để liệt kê một hoặc hai ví
dụ làm rõ hơn cho chủ từ phía trước.
“Face + something”, lưu ý: “face” có hai dạng, gồm động từ và tính từ
“faced”. Khi dùng ở thể động từ, face sẽ đi với something phía sau và không
có giới từ with đi kèm. Trong khi đó, nếu chúng ta sử dụng dạng tính từ, ta
sẽ có cụm “be faced with”.
Câu (2) Or when we are aware of the suffering of those who are living in
poor, unsanitary conditions on our doorstep and genuinely want to offer
help, there will be more charity and less poverty.

Phân tích:
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“Be aware of something” : nhận thực được điều gì đó
“The suffering of those who are living in…”, trong câu có “who” thay thế
cho danh từ
“those” và đóng vai trò bổ nghĩa
Câu (3) I believe the most important element of an ideal society is
altruism and we have to focus on nurturing our children’s altruistic
behavior from an early age if we wish to build such society.

Phân tích:
Trong câu có hai mệnh đề chính được nối với nhau bởi “and”. Ở mệnh đề
thứ hai, chúng ta có thêm một vế “if” để bổ nghĩa.
“The most important element of an ideal society”: đây là một cụm danh
từ khá dài, được xây dựng theo cấu trúc “ Danh từ + giới từ + danh từ”.
“To build such society”: từ “such” được sử dụng để nhấn mạnh vào ý nghĩa
đã đề cập trước về một xã hội nơi mà con người đối xử với nhau một cách
vị tha, nhân đạo.
“From an early age”: bổ nghĩa cho việc “nurturing our children’s altruistic
behavior”.
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Topic 8: City life
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People living in large cities today face many problems in their everyday
life. What are these problems? Should governments encourage people
to move to smaller regional towns? (Đề thi ngày 13/01/2018)
Bài mẫu
In recent years, there have been a number of
everyday problems that people in big cities have
to cope with. This essay will discuss two major
problems, pollution and information overload,
which I believe should lead governments to
encourage people to move to regional areas.
These days, increased levels of pollution have
been a great cause for concern among residents
of big cities. Due to high volumes of traffic, large
quantities of pollutants are being released into
the atmosphere, causing the degradation of air
quality, which is said to be a significant
contributor to various types of respiratory
disease, such as lung cancer. Additionally, people
in big cities are being bombarded with too much
information from the media, including TV, social
media, and advertising, with a large proportion of
this information being fake or exaggerated. This
can lead to confusion or, in some cases, social
anarchy.
In my opinion, governments should do what they
can to encourage city residents to move to
regional areas. Firstly, it will reduce the number of
vehicles in cities, which will definitely reduce the
levels of air pollution, which is hazardous to the
health of citizens. Furthermore, fewer people
living in big cities will relieve the pressure on the
housing supply, where many people are forced to
To
encourage
somebody
to
do
something:
Khuyến
khích ai đó làm gì đó
High volumes of traffic:
Mật độ phương tiện lớn
The degradation of air
quality: Giảm chất lượng
không khí
Be
a
significant
contributor
to
something: Là nguyên
nhân chính cho việc gì đó
Respiratory
disease:
Bệnh liên quan đến hô
hấp
Be bombarded with
something: Bị tiếp xúc
quá nhiều với cái gì đó
Social anarchy: Tình
trạng hỗn loạn xã hội
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live in small, uncomfortable spaces. Studies have
shown that people’s living spaces have a direct
impact on their mental health and how they
perform at work.
To have a direct impact
on something: Có ảnh
hưởng trực tiếp tới cái gì
In conclusion, severe air pollution and a
bombardment of information are among the
most serious problems facing city residents
nowadays, and personally, I feel that authorities
should encourage people to relocate to other
areas to live.
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Cấu trúc câu
Câu (1): Additionally, people in big cities are being bombarded with too
much information from the media, including TV, social media, and
advertising, with a large proportion of this information being fake or
exaggerated.

Cấu trúc cần lưu ý:
Cụm từ ‘with a large proportion of this information being fake or
exaggerated’ được gọi là cấu trúc tuyệt đối trong tiếng Anh.
Động từ trong cấu trúc tuyệt đối nằm ở dạng phân từ Ving là ‘being’
Câu (2): Furthermore, fewer people living in big cities will relieve the
pressure on the housing supply, where many people are forced to
live in small, uncomfortable spaces.

Cấu trúc cần lưu ý:
Hai tính từ ‘small’ và ‘uncomfortable’ khi cùng bổ nghĩa cho danh từ chính
‘spaces’ đứng sau, thì cần được ngăn cách bởi dấu phẩy.
Từ so sánh ‘fewer’ đi với các danh từ đếm được số nhiều, chẳng hạn: fewer
people (ít người hơn), fewer books (ít sách hơn).
Câu (3): In conclusion, severe air pollution and a bombardment of
information are among the most serious problems facing city residents
nowadays, and personally, I feel that authorities should encourage
people to relocate to other areas to live.

Cấu trúc cần lưu ý:
‘A is among something’: A là một trong số gì đó, ví dụ: She was among the
winners. (Cô ấy là một trong những người chiến thắng.)
Cấu trúc encourage somebody to do something mang nghĩa là ủng hộ,
khuyến khích ai làm một việc gì đó.
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Topic 9: Work
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Nowadays, some employers think that formal academic qualifications
are more important than life experience or personal qualities when they
look for new employees.
Why is it the case? Is it a positive or negative development? (Đề thi
24/02/2018)
Bài mẫu
These days, formal academic qualifications are
more highly appreciated than life experience or
personal qualities when it comes to the
recruitment process. There are many reasons
for this, and in my opinion, this is a positive
development.
The main reason for this tendency is that
academic degrees are considered a tool to
measure the level of knowledge that students
are capable of. To be more specific, to achieve a
good degree in most universities, students need
to pass many examinations focusing on testing
their knowledge and take part in practical
training courses. These factors ensure that
students have gained sufficient in-depth
knowledge in the field that the company is
looking for. That is why recruiters place higher
value on employers holding formal academic
qualifications. Whereas, in terms of people having
life experience or personal qualities, these people
are likely to lack a suitable amount of academic
knowledge in their field, and therefore, they need
to be trained for a long time by employers. This
results in the reluctance of employers to hire
them for vacant positions.
The
recruitment
process: Quy trình tuyển
dụng
A tool to measure the
level of knowledge:
Công cụ để đánh giá trình
độ kiến thức
To be capable of doing
something: Có năng lực
làm điều gì đó
To gain sufficient indepth knowledge in
something: Đạt được
kiến thức chuyên sâu về
cái gì đó
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This trend, therefore, will bring about some
positive effects on society as a whole. Students
will be motivated to pursue tertiary education
for the sake of their better career prospects. By
attending university, students can gain insights
into their chosen field and have a chance to
compete with others. As for society, thanks to this
trend, there will be more and more people
entering university, which will contribute to a
society of more well-informed and educated
citizens.
To motivate somebody
to do something: Tạo
động lực cho ai làm điều
gì đó
To
pursue
tertiary
education: Học đại học
For
the
sake
of
something: Cho mục
đích đạt được điều gì đó
Career prospects: Cơ hội
việc làm
In conclusion, employers prefer people with
better qualifications because qualifications are to
prove that their holders are sufficiently trained at
university. I think that there are many positives for
both students and society when employers place
emphasis on formal academic qualifications
instead of life experience or personal qualities.
Cấu trúc câu
Câu (1): As for society, thanks to this trend, there will be more and more
people entering university, which will contribute to a society of more
well-informed and educated citizens.

Cấu trúc cần lưu ý:
Cụm từ ‘thanks to” cần được theo sau bởi danh từ, cụm danh từ: nhờ vào
điều gì đó.
Cấu trúc ‘càng ngày càng nhiều’ đi với danh từ số nhiều, ví dụ: more and
more people, more and more children, v.v.
Các từ ‘well-informed’ và ‘educated’ là các động từ thêm ‘ed’, đóng vai trò
như tính từ, bổ nghĩa cho danh từ citizens.
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Câu (2): I think that there are many positives for both students and
society when employers place emphasis on formal academic
qualifications instead of life experience or personal qualities.

Cấu trúc cần lưu ý
Từ ‘positive’ vừa là tính từ và danh từ; từ ‘positives’ trong ví dụ 2 là danh
từ, vì được sử dụng ở dạng thức số nhiều, có thêm ‘s’.
Vì ‘or’ là liên từ nối, nên ‘or’ sẽ nối hai cụm từ có cấu trúc ngữ pháp giống
nhau, với câu ví dụ trên chính là hai cụm danh từ ‘life experience’ và
‘personal qualities’.
Câu (3): Whereas, in terms of people having life experience or personal
qualities, these people are likely to lack a suitable amount of academic
knowledge in their field, and therefore, they need to be trained for a long
time by employers.

Cấu trúc cần lưu ý
‘Whereas’ được dùng gần như tương tự với While: chỉ sự đối lập giữa các
vế câu hay các câu.
‘In terms of’ là cụm từ có đa nghĩa, phần lớn được hiểu là “về phần, về
phía, theo quan điểm của, liên quan tới, trong mối quan hệ với, xét về
mặt,…
Cấu trúc ‘be likely to’ diễn tả khả năng của một người, một việc gì đó có
thể xảy ra.
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Topic 10: Competitiveness
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Competitiveness is a positive quality for people in most societies. How
does competitiveness affect individuals? Is it a positive or negative trend?
(Đề thi ngày 18/09/2018)
Bài mẫu
People tend to be more competitive in modern
society. In my view, being competitive has a major
influence on many aspects of a person’s life,
which can be considered both beneficial and
harmful in certain situations.
A highly competitive person is often considered to
be conceited and self-absorbed. Their
relationships with the people around them,
especially relatives or romantic partners, usually
suffer as they are unwilling to compromise when
a conflict occurs(1). Additionally, an intense level of
competition in a company caused by highly
competitive employees can create an
unhealthy work environment. This type of
environment does not promote productivity,
but makes some workers feel uncomfortable
working together and may bring them closer to
leaving the organization in search of a better
workplace.
Conceited and selfabsorbed: Tự phụ và độc
lập
Compromise (v): Thoả
hiệp
Highly
competitive
employees: Nhân viên có
suy nghĩ cạnh tranh cao
Create an unhealthy
work environment: Tạo
ra môi trường làm việc
không tốt
Promote productivity:
Thúc đẩy năng suất lao
động
A positive attribute:
Một nhân tố tích cực
Strive to be better: Cố
gắng để tốt hơn
Persevere (v): Kiên trì
However, being competitive can be a positive
attribute in many other instances. Competitive
people always strive to be better than other
people, and they usually persevere until they
achieve their goals. For example, a sense of
rivalry can boost a student’s study
performance and encourage them to work
harder. People with a competitive personality
are also resilient and unlikely to give up when
A sense of rivalry: Cảm
giác của sự ganh đua
Boost a student’s study
performance: Tăng hiệu
quả học tập của học sinh
A
competitive
personality: Tính cách
cạnh tranh
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faced with setbacks(2). Furthermore, many
competitive people are often competing against
themselves and always putting themselves in a
state of constant learning so they can achieve
better results.
In conclusion, being competitive may sabotage a
person’s relationships with the people around
them and negatively affect the workplace (3).
However, being competitive can motivate people
to work hard to reach their desired goals. I think
a person should find a balance and avoid being
too competitive, otherwise the consequences can
be severe.
A state of constant
learning:
Tinh thần
không ngừng học hỏi
Achieve better results:
Đạt được kết quả tốt hơn
Abotage a person’s
relationships: Làm rạn
nứt mối quán hệ cá nhân
Find a balance: Tìm kiếm
sự cân bằng
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Cấu trúc câu
Câu (1). Their relationships with the people around them, especially
relatives or romantic partners, usually suffer as they are unwilling to
compromise when a conflict occurs.

Cấu trúc cần lưu ý:
Từ “as” được dùng thay “because” khi người nói cho rằng đấy là một thông
tin phổ biến, ai cũng biết.
“Be willing to” đi sau là một động từ nguyên thể, sẵn lòng làm gì đó.
Từ nối “or” dùng để nối hai mệnh đề có cấu trúc ngữ pháp giống nhau, với
ví dụ trên là “relatives” và “romantic parters”.
Câu (2). People with a competitive personality are also resilient and
unlikely to give up when faced with setbacks.

Cấu trúc cần lưu ý:
Cấu trúc “be unlikely to” diễn tả một người không có khả năng làm gì, hoặc
một việc gì không thể xảy ra.
Mệnh đề “when faced…” là mệnh đề rút gọn ở dạng bị động.
Câu (3). Being competitive may sabotage a person’s relationships with
the people around them and negatively affect the workplace.

Cấu trúc cần lưu ý:
“Being competitive” được dùng như danh động từ, dưới dạng thức động từ
thêm “-ing”.
Từ “affect” dùng trực tiếp với một tân ngữ, không có giới từ kèm theo.
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