Group Member Names:________________________________________________ AP Biology Virtual Fruit Fly Lab Objective The goal of this lab is to use simulated breeding data and statistics to determine the inheritance pattern of the traits that you are studying. Directions: 1. Go to the following website: https://www.sciencecourseware.org/FlyLabJS/ 2. On the design tab, create a wild-type (red-eyed) female: a. Make sure the female bubble is selected b. Click on “Eye Color” on the left and make sure “wild type” is selected c. Click on “Select Fly for Mating” 3. Click on “Design Fly” under the male 4. On the design tab, create a sepia-eyed male: a. Make sure the male bubble is selected b. Click on “Eye Color” on the left and make sure “sepia” is selected c. Click on “Select Fly for Mating” 5. Click on “Mate Flies” in the middle of the screen 6. This page will show you the parents of the cross (P Generation) as well as the offspring of the cross (F1 Generation). 7. Record the numbers off OFFSPRING from this cross in the data table. 8. Create an F2 generation by breeding the F1 generation. a. Click on “select to mate” for both a male and a female. b. Click on “mate flies” in the middle of the screen. 9. This page will show you the parents of the cross (F1 generation), as well as the offspring of the cross (F2 Generation). 10. Record the numbers of OFFSPRING from this cross in the data table. 11. Complete the analysis section for this cross (see following pages). 12. Choose “Reset All” under the design tab and repeat the process above for the following crosses (obviously choosing the correct traits each time): a. sepia-eyed, normal wing male x wild-type eye, vestigial-wing female (eye color, wing size) b. wild-type male x white-eyed female (eye color) c. *I will provide you the data for this cross* See description below Cross 1: dumpy-wing, black female x wild-type wing, wild-type body male (wing shape, body color) Cross 2: F1 female from Cross 1 x dumpy-wing, black male Parent Cross: Sepia-Eyed Male x Wild-Type Female F1 Generation Data Table Phenotype Number of Females Number of Males Number of Females Number of Males F2 Data Table Phenotype Analysis: Part 1: Claims 1. Was this a single-trait (monohybrid) or double-trait (dihybrid) cross?________________________ 2. Was this an autosomal or sex-linked trait?______________________ 3. Were these linked traits or un-linked traits (only answer if you answered dihybrid to Q1)?__________________ 4. Identify the traits you studied as being: dominant, recessive, incompletely dominant, or codominant. Red Eyes:_____________________ Sepia Eyes:____________________ 5. Provide a brief explanation as to how/why you made these designations: Part 2: Punnett Squares Based on your claims above, create Punnett squares for the P generation cross (to create the F1) and the F1 Generation Cross (to create the F2). P Generation Cross Punnett Square F1 Generation Cross Punnett Square Part 3: Chi-Square Analysis 1. Perform a Chi-Square analysis on the F2 data to justify your claims that you made. 2. Remember to get your expected probability from the F1 Generation Punnett Square phenotype ratios. 3. Unless you are claiming that it’s a sex-linked cross, COMBINE male and female numbers for each phenotype. (If it’s a sex-linked cross, these would remain as separate categories). A. State your null hypothesis. B. Calculate χ2 calc. ___________________ C. Calculate Degrees of Freedom (DF=n-1, n=# of categories).____________________ D. Compare X2calc to X2critical _____________________________________________ E. Determine P-Value (p>0.05 or p<0.05)______________________________ F. State whether you REJECT or FAIL TO REJECT the null hypothesis. _____________________________________________________________________________________ Do you work here or attach a separate sheet. Parent Cross: Sepia-eyed, normal wing male x Wild-type eye, vestigial-wing female F1 Generation Data Table Phenotype Number of Females Number of Males Number of Females Number of Males F2 Data Table Phenotype Analysis: Part 1: Claims 1. Was this a single-trait (monohybrid) or double-trait (dihybrid) cross?________________________ 2. Was this an autosomal or sex-linked trait?______________________ 3. Were these linked traits or un-linked traits (only answer if you answered dihybrid to Q1)?__________________ 4. Identify the traits you studied as being: dominant, recessive, incompletely dominant, or codominant. Red Eyes:_____________________ Sepia Eyes:____________________ Normal Wings:__________________ Vestigial Wings:___________________ 5. Provide a brief explanation as to how/why you made these designations: Part 2: Punnett Squares Based on your claims above, create Punnett squares for the P generation cross (to create the F1) and the F1 Generation Cross (to create the F2). P Generation Cross Punnett Square F1 Generation Cross Punnett Square Part 3: Chi-Square Analysis 1. Perform a Chi-Square analysis on the F2 data to justify your claims that you made. 2. Remember to get your expected probability from the F1 Generation Punnett Square phenotype ratios. 3. Unless you are claiming that it’s a sex-linked cross, COMBINE male and female numbers for each phenotype. (If it’s a sex-linked cross, these would remain as separate categories). A. State your null hypothesis. B. Calculate χ2 calc. ___________________ C. Calculate Degrees of Freedom (DF=n-1, n=# of categories).____________________ D. Compare X2calc to X2critical _____________________________________________ E. Determine P-Value (p>0.05 or p<0.05)______________________________ F. State whether you REJECT or FAIL TO REJECT the null hypothesis. _____________________________________________________________________________________ Do you work here or attach a separate sheet. Parent Cross: Wild-type male x white-eyed female F1 Generation Data Table Phenotype Number of Females Number of Males Number of Females Number of Males F2 Data Table Phenotype Analysis: Part 1: Claims 1. Was this a single-trait (monohybrid) or double-trait (dihybrid) cross?________________________ 2. Was this an autosomal or sex-linked trait?______________________ 3. Were these linked traits or un-linked traits (only answer if you answered dihybrid to Q1)?__________________ 4. Identify the traits you studied as being: dominant, recessive, incompletely dominant, or codominant. Red Eyes:_____________________ White Eyes:____________________ 5. Provide a brief explanation as to how/why you made these designations: Part 2: Punnett Squares Based on your claims above, create Punnett squares for the P generation cross (to create the F1) and the F1 Generation Cross (to create the F2). P Generation Cross Punnett Square F1 Generation Cross Punnett Square Part 3: Chi-Square Analysis 1. Perform a Chi-Square analysis on the F2 data to justify your claims that you made. 2. Remember to get your expected probability from the F1 Generation Punnett Square phenotype ratios. 3. Unless you are claiming that it’s a sex-linked cross, COMBINE male and female numbers for each phenotype. (If it’s a sex-linked cross, these would remain as separate categories). A. State your null hypothesis. B. Calculate χ2 calc. ___________________ C. Calculate Degrees of Freedom (DF=n-1, n=# of categories).____________________ D. Compare X2calc to X2critical _____________________________________________ E. Determine P-Value (p>0.05 or p<0.05)______________________________ F. State whether you REJECT or FAIL TO REJECT the null hypothesis. _____________________________________________________________________________________ Do you work here or attach a separate sheet. Parent Cross: Dumpy-wing, black female x wild-type wing, wild-type body male F1 Generation Data Table Phenotype Normal Wings, Normal Body Color Number of Females Number of Males 498 504 F2 Data Table (F1 female from Cross 1 x dumpy-wing, black male) Phenotype Normal Wings, Normal Body Color Dumpy Wings, Normal Body Color Normal Wings, Black Body Color Dumpy Wings, Black Body Color Number of Females Number of Males 195 206 58 40 63 61 193 191 Total 401 98 124 384 Analysis: 1. Create a Punnett Square and expected phenotype ratio for the F2 offspring assuming the traits are UNLINKED (F1 female x dumpy, black male). 2. Create a Punnett Square and expected phenotype ratio for the F2 offspring assuming the traits are COMPLETELY LINKED (F1 female x dumpy, black male). 3. Based on the info presented in the F2 data table, were the genes for these traits: UNLINKED, COMPLETELY LINKED, or INCOMPLETELY LINKED? Back up your answer with data from the table. 4. Calculate the recombination frequency between the dumpy-wing trait and the black-body trait. 5. Researchers have determined the following recombination frequencies: a. Black body and Sepia Eyes: RF= 32% b. Sepia eyes and Dumpy Wings: RF= 10% c. Black body and Dumpy Wings: RF= 22% Draw a linkage map showing the relative location of the genes on a chromosome.