Group Member Names:________________________________________________
AP Biology Virtual Fruit Fly Lab
Objective
The goal of this lab is to use simulated breeding data and statistics to determine the inheritance pattern
of the traits that you are studying.
Directions:
1. Go to the following website: https://www.sciencecourseware.org/FlyLabJS/
2. On the design tab, create a wild-type (red-eyed) female:
a. Make sure the female bubble is selected
b. Click on “Eye Color” on the left and make sure “wild type” is selected
c. Click on “Select Fly for Mating”
3. Click on “Design Fly” under the male
4. On the design tab, create a sepia-eyed male:
a. Make sure the male bubble is selected
b. Click on “Eye Color” on the left and make sure “sepia” is selected
c. Click on “Select Fly for Mating”
5. Click on “Mate Flies” in the middle of the screen
6. This page will show you the parents of the cross (P Generation) as well as the offspring of the cross
(F1 Generation).
7. Record the numbers off OFFSPRING from this cross in the data table.
8. Create an F2 generation by breeding the F1 generation.
a. Click on “select to mate” for both a male and a female.
b. Click on “mate flies” in the middle of the screen.
9. This page will show you the parents of the cross (F1 generation), as well as the offspring of the cross
(F2 Generation).
10. Record the numbers of OFFSPRING from this cross in the data table.
11. Complete the analysis section for this cross (see following pages).
12. Choose “Reset All” under the design tab and repeat the process above for the following crosses
(obviously choosing the correct traits each time):
a. sepia-eyed, normal wing male x wild-type eye, vestigial-wing female (eye color, wing size)
b. wild-type male x white-eyed female (eye color)
c. *I will provide you the data for this cross* See description below
Cross 1: dumpy-wing, black female x wild-type wing, wild-type body male (wing shape, body
color)
Cross 2: F1 female from Cross 1 x dumpy-wing, black male
Parent Cross: Sepia-Eyed Male x Wild-Type Female
F1 Generation Data Table
Phenotype
Number of
Females
Number of
Males
Number of
Females
Number of
Males
F2 Data Table
Phenotype
Analysis:
Part 1: Claims
1. Was this a single-trait (monohybrid) or double-trait (dihybrid) cross?________________________
2. Was this an autosomal or sex-linked trait?______________________
3. Were these linked traits or un-linked traits (only answer if you answered dihybrid to
Q1)?__________________
4. Identify the traits you studied as being: dominant, recessive, incompletely dominant, or codominant.
Red Eyes:_____________________
Sepia Eyes:____________________
5. Provide a brief explanation as to how/why you made these designations:
Part 2: Punnett Squares
Based on your claims above, create Punnett squares for the P generation cross (to create the F1) and the
F1 Generation Cross (to create the F2).
P Generation Cross Punnett Square
F1 Generation Cross Punnett Square
Part 3: Chi-Square Analysis
1. Perform a Chi-Square analysis on the F2 data to justify your claims that you made.
2. Remember to get your expected probability from the F1 Generation Punnett Square phenotype
ratios.
3. Unless you are claiming that it’s a sex-linked cross, COMBINE male and female numbers for each
phenotype. (If it’s a sex-linked cross, these would remain as separate categories).
A. State your null hypothesis.
B. Calculate χ2 calc. ___________________
C. Calculate Degrees of Freedom (DF=n-1, n=# of categories).____________________
D. Compare X2calc to X2critical _____________________________________________
E. Determine P-Value (p>0.05 or p<0.05)______________________________
F. State whether you REJECT or FAIL TO REJECT the null hypothesis.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Do you work here or attach a separate sheet.
Parent Cross: Sepia-eyed, normal wing male x Wild-type eye, vestigial-wing female
F1 Generation Data Table
Phenotype
Number of
Females
Number of
Males
Number of
Females
Number of
Males
F2 Data Table
Phenotype
Analysis:
Part 1: Claims
1. Was this a single-trait (monohybrid) or double-trait (dihybrid) cross?________________________
2. Was this an autosomal or sex-linked trait?______________________
3. Were these linked traits or un-linked traits (only answer if you answered dihybrid to
Q1)?__________________
4. Identify the traits you studied as being: dominant, recessive, incompletely dominant, or codominant.
Red Eyes:_____________________
Sepia Eyes:____________________
Normal Wings:__________________ Vestigial Wings:___________________
5. Provide a brief explanation as to how/why you made these designations:
Part 2: Punnett Squares
Based on your claims above, create Punnett squares for the P generation cross (to create the F1) and the
F1 Generation Cross (to create the F2).
P Generation Cross Punnett Square
F1 Generation Cross Punnett Square
Part 3: Chi-Square Analysis
1. Perform a Chi-Square analysis on the F2 data to justify your claims that you made.
2. Remember to get your expected probability from the F1 Generation Punnett Square phenotype
ratios.
3. Unless you are claiming that it’s a sex-linked cross, COMBINE male and female numbers for each
phenotype. (If it’s a sex-linked cross, these would remain as separate categories).
A. State your null hypothesis.
B. Calculate χ2 calc. ___________________
C. Calculate Degrees of Freedom (DF=n-1, n=# of categories).____________________
D. Compare X2calc to X2critical _____________________________________________
E. Determine P-Value (p>0.05 or p<0.05)______________________________
F. State whether you REJECT or FAIL TO REJECT the null hypothesis.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Do you work here or attach a separate sheet.
Parent Cross: Wild-type male x white-eyed female
F1 Generation Data Table
Phenotype
Number of
Females
Number of
Males
Number of
Females
Number of
Males
F2 Data Table
Phenotype
Analysis:
Part 1: Claims
1. Was this a single-trait (monohybrid) or double-trait (dihybrid) cross?________________________
2. Was this an autosomal or sex-linked trait?______________________
3. Were these linked traits or un-linked traits (only answer if you answered dihybrid to
Q1)?__________________
4. Identify the traits you studied as being: dominant, recessive, incompletely dominant, or codominant.
Red Eyes:_____________________
White Eyes:____________________
5. Provide a brief explanation as to how/why you made these designations:
Part 2: Punnett Squares
Based on your claims above, create Punnett squares for the P generation cross (to create the F1) and the
F1 Generation Cross (to create the F2).
P Generation Cross Punnett Square
F1 Generation Cross Punnett Square
Part 3: Chi-Square Analysis
1. Perform a Chi-Square analysis on the F2 data to justify your claims that you made.
2. Remember to get your expected probability from the F1 Generation Punnett Square phenotype
ratios.
3. Unless you are claiming that it’s a sex-linked cross, COMBINE male and female numbers for each
phenotype. (If it’s a sex-linked cross, these would remain as separate categories).
A. State your null hypothesis.
B. Calculate χ2 calc. ___________________
C. Calculate Degrees of Freedom (DF=n-1, n=# of categories).____________________
D. Compare X2calc to X2critical _____________________________________________
E. Determine P-Value (p>0.05 or p<0.05)______________________________
F. State whether you REJECT or FAIL TO REJECT the null hypothesis.
_____________________________________________________________________________________
Do you work here or attach a separate sheet.
Parent Cross: Dumpy-wing, black female x wild-type wing, wild-type body male
F1 Generation Data Table
Phenotype
Normal Wings, Normal
Body Color
Number of
Females
Number of
Males
498
504
F2 Data Table (F1 female from Cross 1 x dumpy-wing, black male)
Phenotype
Normal Wings, Normal
Body Color
Dumpy Wings, Normal
Body Color
Normal Wings, Black
Body Color
Dumpy Wings, Black
Body Color
Number of
Females
Number of
Males
195
206
58
40
63
61
193
191
Total
401
98
124
384
Analysis:
1. Create a Punnett Square and expected phenotype ratio for the F2 offspring assuming the traits are
UNLINKED (F1 female x dumpy, black male).
2. Create a Punnett Square and expected phenotype ratio for the F2 offspring assuming the traits are
COMPLETELY LINKED (F1 female x dumpy, black male).
3. Based on the info presented in the F2 data table, were the genes for these traits: UNLINKED,
COMPLETELY LINKED, or INCOMPLETELY LINKED? Back up your answer with data from the table.
4. Calculate the recombination frequency between the dumpy-wing trait and the black-body trait.
5. Researchers have determined the following recombination frequencies:
a. Black body and Sepia Eyes: RF= 32%
b. Sepia eyes and Dumpy Wings: RF= 10%
c. Black body and Dumpy Wings: RF= 22%
Draw a linkage map showing the relative location of the genes on a chromosome.