Bio 256 Exam 4 (100 out of 100) Questions and Answers ( Already GRADED A) Latest Update What is not a characteristic of the adaptive immune system it is specific for particular organs Kupffer Cells of the liver and brain microglial are fixed macrophages The redness and heat of an inflamed area are due to a local hyperemia caused by vasodilation The chief antibody-mediated mechanism used against cellular antigens, such as bacteria, is compliment fixation What is a production regulated by chemicals that reset the body's thermostat to a higher setting fever What is a characteristic of antigens reactivity with an antibody Cancer cells and virus-infected body cells can be killed before activation of the immune system by natural killer cells The only T cells that can directly attack and kill other cells are the cytotoxin cells Immune system memory cells involve clones of B and T cells that responded to something foreign What is a characteristic of antibodies composed of heavy and light polypeptide chains Passage of IgG antibodies from a pregnant mother to her fetus is associated with passive immunity Cytotoxic T cells are also known as ___ and they ____. CD8 cells; destroy cells harboring foreign antigens. The single most effective way to prevent the spread of disease is handwashing The factors responsible for holding the lungs open include surface tension of pleural fluid and no outside opening to the pleural cavity Why are polar water molecules are more strongly attracted to each other than to gas molecules in the air? because surface tension exists in alveoli The lung volume representing the total volume exchangeable are is the vital capacity When a gas mixture with liquid, each gas will dissolve in the liquid in proportion to its partial pressure A possible cause of Hypoxia is too little oxygen in the atmosphere The erythrocyte count increases after a while when an individual goes from a low to a high altitude because the concentration of oxygen and total atmospheric pressure is lower at high altitudes When a person holds their breath as long as they can, they have induced respiratory acidosis Adjusts GFR and Na+ reabsorption, therefore controlling blood pressure and volume the function of the Juxtaglomerular apparatus What part of the kidney is hypertonic, aiding in water reabsorption? medulla the clearance value of glucose is zero. what does this mean? normally all the glucose is reabsorbed what would not be a normal constituent of urine protein what is the ability of cells to recognize a specific antigen by binding to it immunocompetence what is NOT an electrolyte cholesterol Hypersensitivity to pollen due to cross linking of IgE on mast cells and subsequent release of histamine is a cause of what physiological process? Symptoms of hay fever a young woman has just eaten a large order of heavily salted french fries, some pickled eggs, and some cheese. How will consuming this much salt affect her physiology? there will be a temporary increase in blood volume Decreased resistance means the airways have been dilated Respiratory acidosis can occur when a persons breathing is shallow due to obstruction The most important line of defense used by the innate defense system is inflammation a process whereby neutrophils and other white blood cells are attracted to an inflammatory site is called chemotaxis another term for antibodies would be immunoglobulins what is not a type of T cell? Antigenic T/F: Antibody functions include cross-linking cell-bound antigens on red blood cells when blood types are properly matched for transfusion False a vaccination will stimulate the production of immune memory and antibodies what involves humoral immunity plasma cells making antibodies what molecules on your cells are used by your lymphocytes to recognize you cells as "self"? MHC proteins what pressure is the pressure within the alveoli of the lungs? intrapulmonary surfactant helps to prevent the alveoli from collapsing by reducing the surface tension of alveolar fluid Respiratory control centers are located in the medulla and pons T/F: the partial pressure of oxygen is higher in the pulmonary veins than in pulmonary arteries True what is a site of reabsorption but not secretion? loop of Henle the body responds to a drop in pH by secreting ___ in the proximal convoluted tubule more H+ what would be normal constituent of urine? sodium ions Exposure to foreign antigens in the bone marrow or thymus determines which antigens immune cells will recognize and resist is not true regarding the immunocompetence of B and T cells what is an electrolyte Na+ what two organs function as the most important physiological buffer systems (they ultimately maintain the ph of your blood)? lungs and kidneys what causes mediators of the immune system to be released? Tissue damage the antibody released by plasma cells during the primary immune response is IgM why don't you get the mumps twice? Immune memory and the secondary immune response stop reinfection when an antivenom is injected into a snake bite victim, they will develop an elevated antibody titer, but no immune memory what cell resides in tissues to prevent infections macrophages what is a beneficial result of fever increased metabolic rate what is the least specific type of immunity Innate B lymphocytes develop immunocompetence in the red bone marrow Helper T cells function in adaptive immune system activation in clonal selection of B cells, what substance is responsible for determining which cells will eventually become cloned? antigens binding surface antibodies We have an expert-written solution to this problem! The only immunoglobulin to exist as a pentamer (containing 5 subunits) is IgM what molecules on your macrophages are used to display antigen fragments for detection by your Tlymphocytes MHC proteins What is NOT a mechanism for the development of autoimmune disorders a second exposure to an allergen intrapulmonary pressure is the pressure within the alveoli of the lungs what law states that in a mixture of gases, each gas exerts its own partial pressure Dalton's law oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs and through all cell membranes by diffusion We have an expert-written solution to this problem! what is the site of filtration glomerulus the filtration membrane includes all except renal fascia the ascending limb of the loop of Henle is permeable to water but not ions Alcohol acts as a diuretic because it inhibits the release of ADH an important characteristic of urine is its specific gravity or density, which is in the range of 1.001-1.035 Urine is propelled to the urinary bladder from the kidneys by ureter peristalsis what is not true about helper T (Th) cells? they replicate in response to HIV infection When alveolar (or Intrapulmonary) pressure is less than atmospheric pressure, air moves ___ the lungs into One of the major physiological factors triggering thirst is a rise in plasma osmolarity substances are secreted from the blood, into the interstitial fluid and, finally, into the kidney tubules Kidney tubular secretion Atrial natriuretic peptide is a hormone that is made by the atria of the heart. The influence of this hormone is to reduce blood pressure and blood volume by inhibiting sodium and water retention A falling blood pH and a rising partial pressure of carbon dioxide due to pneumonia or emphysema indicates respiratory acidosis
