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TEST BANK
Cultural Anthropology,15th Edition
by Ember, All Chapters 1 to 17
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. What Is Anthropology?
2. Culture and Culture Change
3. Culture and the Individual
4. Understanding and Explaining Culture
5. Communication and Language
6. Getting Food
7. Economic Systems
8. Social Stratification: Class, Ethnicity, and Racism
9. Sex and Gender
10. Marriage and the Family
11. Marital Residence and Kinship
12. Associations and Interest Groups
13. Political Life: Social Order and Disorder
14. Religion and Magic
15. The Arts
16. Health and Illness
17. Practicing and Applying Anthropology
CHAPTER 1: What Is Anthropology?
Multiple Choice Questions
1.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Anthropology is literally the study of
history
fossils
humans
religion
.
Answer: C
Learning Objective: 1.1 Explain the general definition and purpose of
anthropology.Topic: What Is Anthropology?
Skill Level: Remember the
FactsDifficulty Level: Easy
2.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Which type of culture was the traditional focus for anthropologists?
non-Western cultures
extinct cultures
Western cultures
post-industrialized cultures
Answer: A
Learning Objective: 1.2 Describe the scope of
anthropology.Topic: The Scope of Anthropology
Skill Level: Remember the
FactsDifficulty Level: Easy
3.
A)
B)
C)
D)
The anthropological curiosity is primarily interested in
abnormal characteristics within a population
differences in individual behavior
behavioral changes over time
typical characteristics of populations
.
Answer: D
Learning Objective: 1.4 Explain anthropology’s distinctive
curiosity.Topic: Anthropological Curiosity
Skill Level: Remember the
FactsDifficulty Level: Easy
4.
A)
B)
C)
D)
What are the two broad classifications of subject matter within anthropology?
contemporary and ancient
biological and cultural
Western and non-Western
theoretical and practical
Answer: B
Learning Objective: 1.5 Differentiate among the five major fields of
anthropology.Topic: Fields of Anthropology
Skill Level: Remember the
FactsDifficulty Level: Easy
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5.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Which of the following can encompass any of the four main subfields of anthropology?
biological anthropology
anthropological linguistics
archaeology
applied anthropology
Answer: D
Learning Objective: 1.5 Differentiate among the five major fields of
anthropology.Topic: Fields of Anthropology
Skill Level: Remember the
FactsDifficulty Level: Easy
6.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Prosimians, monkeys, apes, and humans are all members of the order
Primates
Humans
Homo sapiens
Mammals
.
Answer: A
Learning Objective: 1.5 Differentiate among the five major fields of
anthropology.Topic: Fields of Anthropology
Skill Level: Remember the
FactsDifficulty Level: Easy
7.
A)
B)
C)
D)
What is culture?
the religion, language, and values of a population
advanced knowledge of literature and fine arts
the customary ways that a particular population or society thinks and behaves
traditional beliefs that have been unchanged over generations
Answer: C
Learning Objective: 1.5 Differentiate among the five major fields of
anthropology.Topic: Fields of Anthropology
Skill Level: Remember the
FactsDifficulty Level: Easy
8.
A)
B)
C)
D)
The study of how languages change through time and how they may be related is called
.
historical linguistics
sociolinguistics
ethnolinguistics
structural linguistics
Answer: A
Learning Objective: 1.5 Differentiate among the five major fields of
anthropology.Topic: Fields of Anthropology
Skill Level: Remember the
FactsDifficulty Level: Easy
9.
A
might study speech patterns in varying social contexts.
A)
B)
C)
D)
anthropological linguist
sociolinguist
historical linguist
ethnologist
Answer: B
Learning Objective: 1.5 Differentiate among the five major fields of
anthropology.Topic: Fields of Anthropology
Skill Level: Remember the
FactsDifficulty Level: Easy
10.
A)
B)
C)
D)
A cultural anthropologist who spends a year or so living with, talking to, and
observing peoplewhose customs he or she is studying is known as a(n) .
ethnographer
linguistic anthropologist
archaeologist
ethnohistorian
Answer: A
Learning Objective: 1.5 Differentiate among the five major fields of
anthropology.Topic: Fields of Anthropology
Skill Level: Remember the
FactsDifficulty Level: Easy
11.
A)
B)
C)
D)
The goal of applied anthropology is to
understand human evolution
make anthropological knowledge useful
limit anthropology to an academic setting
focus solely on Western cultures
.
Answer: B
Learning Objective: 1.5 Differentiate among the five major fields of
anthropology.Topic: Fields of Anthropology
Skill Level: Remember the
FactsDifficulty Level: Easy
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12.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Anthropology is a comparatively young discipline. It was only in the late
thatanthropologists began to go to live with people in faraway places.
1800s
1700s
1600s
1900s
Answer: A
Learning Objective: 1.7 Communicate the relevance of
anthropology.Topic: The Relevance of Anthropology
Skill Level: Remember the
FactsDifficulty Level: Easy
13.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Why is it incomplete to simply call anthropology “the study of humans”?
The focus of anthropology is on pre-human organisms.
Anthropologists study only certain aspects of human life.
Anthropologists study all species of mammals.
Many other disciplines also study humans.
Answer: D
Learning Objective: 1.1 Explain the general definition and purpose of
anthropology.Topic: What Is Anthropology?
Skill Level: Understand the
ConceptsDifficulty Level:
Moderate
14.
A)
B)
C)
D)
How does anthropology differ from other disciplines concerned with humans?
Anthropology has a narrower focus on the cultural “other.”
It has existed as a discipline longer than most other social sciences.
It is broader in scope, both geographically and historically.
Anthropology has a less scientific approach than other disciplines.
Answer: C
Learning Objective: 1.2 Describe the scope of
anthropology.Topic: The Scope of Anthropology
Skill Level: Understand the
ConceptsDifficulty Level:
Moderate
15.
A)
B)
C)
D)
A distinguishing feature of anthropology is the goal of understanding how aspects of
human experience such as local history, physical environment, family life, language,
settlement patterns,and religion are interrelated. This approach to culture is
referred to as
.
the sociological approach
the holistic approach
cultural materialism
participant observation
Answer: B
Learning Objective: 1.3 Explain the holistic
approach.Topic: The Holistic Approach
Skill Level: Understand the
ConceptsDifficulty Level: Easy
16.
A)
B)
C)
D)
In what way has anthropological research changed over the years?
Anthropologists now have more specialized areas of research.
Anthropologists only work in academic settings today.
Modern anthropologists are no longer trained with a holistic approach.
Anthropologists are now only interested in non-Western cultures.
Answer: A
Learning Objective: 1.5 Differentiate among the five major fields of
anthropology.Topic: Fields of Anthropology
Skill Level: Understand the
ConceptsDifficulty Level:
Moderate
17.
A)
B)
C)
D)
A human paleontologist might study
the behavior of chimpanzees
pre-human fossils
dinosaur fossils
artifacts such as pottery
.
Answer: B
Learning Objective: 1.5 Differentiate among the five major fields of
anthropology.Topic: Fields of Anthropology
Skill Level: Understand the
ConceptsDifficulty Level: Easy
18.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Which of the following disciplines would have the greatest overlap with biological anthropology?
history
genetics
philosophy
physics
Answer: B
Learning Objective: 1.5 Differentiate among the five major fields of
anthropology.Topic: Fields of Anthropology
Skill Level: Understand the
ConceptsDifficulty Level:
Moderate
19.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Which subdiscipline is now frequently referred to as simply “cultural anthropology”?
ethnology
anthropological linguistics
ethnohistory
archaeology
Answer: A
Learning Objective: 1.5 Differentiate among the five major fields of
anthropology.Topic: Fields of Anthropology
Skill Level: Understand the
ConceptsDifficulty Level:
Moderate
20.
A)
Because historians rely on written records, they are limited to societies that existed within the
last
years.
50,000
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B)
C)
D)
10,000
5,000
1,000
Answer: C
Learning Objective: 1.5 Differentiate among the five major fields of
anthropology.Topic: Fields of Anthropology
Skill Level: Understand the
ConceptsDifficulty Level:
Moderate
21.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Unlike other linguists, anthropological linguists are primarily interested in
the ways in which language is related to beliefs and behaviors
the way language is used in different social contexts
the historical connections of different languages to each other
unwritten languages
.
Answer: D
Learning Objective: 1.5 Differentiate among the five major fields of
anthropology.Topic: Fields of Anthropology
Skill Level: Understand the
ConceptsDifficulty Level:
Moderate
22.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Unlike archaeologists,
with livingpeople.
ethnologists
paleoanthropologists
ethnohistorians
bioarchaeologists
draw on a database of observations and interviews
Answer: A
Learning Objective: 1.5 Differentiate among the five major fields of
anthropology.Topic: Fields of Anthropology
Skill Level: Understand the
ConceptsDifficulty Level: Easy
23.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Unlike ethnohistorians, ethnographers
.
study societies with writing systems
describe a given society based on their own fieldwork
compare societies cross-culturally
are interested in “primitive” peoples
Answer: B
Learning Objective: 1.5 Differentiate among the five major fields of
anthropology.Topic: Fields of Anthropology
Skill Level: Understand the
ConceptsDifficulty Level:
Moderate
24.
A)
B)
C)
D)
An ethnohistorian would
.
work in the field for long periods of time
study only past cultures, much as archaeologists do
prepare lengthy reports on extinct cultures
study the way in which cultures have changed over time
Answer: D
Learning Objective: 1.5 Differentiate among the five major fields of
anthropology.Topic: Fields of Anthropology
Skill Level: Understand the
ConceptsDifficulty Level:
Moderate
25.
A)
B)
C)
D)
What is the focus of cross-cultural researchers?
They hope to discover general patterns about cultural traits.
Their goal is to minimize the effects of cultural homogenization.
They are interested in finding the best ways of behaving.
They bridge the gap between anthropology and other social sciences.
Answer: A
Learning Objective: 1.5 Differentiate among the five major fields of
anthropology.Topic: Fields of Anthropology
Skill Level: Understand the
ConceptsDifficulty Level:
Moderate
26.
A)
B)
C)
D)
To what does the term basic research usually refer?
research that is necessary for the development of a new technology
testing of already existing products
research that is driven by simple curiosity
testing new tools to meet basic needs, such as medications
Answer: C
Learning Objective: 1.5 Differentiate among the five major fields of
anthropology.Topic: Fields of Anthropology
Skill Level: Understand the
ConceptsDifficulty Level:
Moderate
27.
A)
B)
Which of the following may be trained in any or all of the subfields of anthropology?
political anthropologist
biological anthropologist
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C)
D)
ethnologist
applied anthropologist
Answer: D
Learning Objective: 1.5 Differentiate among the five major fields of
anthropology.Topic: Fields of Anthropology
Skill Level: Understand the
ConceptsDifficulty Level: Easy
28.
A)
B)
C)
D)
In contrast to research anthropologists, who are almost always employed in universities,
anthropologists are commonly employed in government agencies,
developmentagencies, consulting firms, charitable foundations, and other settings
outside academia.
archaic
applied
historical
philosophical
Answer: B
Learning Objective: 1.5 Differentiate among the five major fields of
anthropology.Topic: Fields of Anthropology
Skill Level: Understand the
ConceptsDifficulty Level:
Moderate
29.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Which type of anthropological knowledge is often applied to forensic investigations?
archaeological
linguistic
biological
cultural
Answer: C
Learning Objective: 1.5 Differentiate among the five major fields of
anthropology.Topic: Fields of Anthropology
Skill Level: Understand the
ConceptsDifficulty Level:
Moderate
30.
A)
B)
C)
D)
An anthropologist with a
specialization focuses much of his or her
research on aparticular region of the world.
geographical
time period
theoretical
political
Answer: A
Learning Objective: 1.6 Explain the ways in which anthropologists specialize within their
fields of study.Topic: Specialization
Skill Level: Understand the
ConceptsDifficulty Level: Easy
31.
A)
How did anthropology help disprove assumptions by American educators in the 1960s
that AfricanAmerican schoolchildren rarely drank milk because they were poor and
uneducated?
Anthropologists established that milk was intentionally being withheld from black students as a
B)
C)
D)
form of institutionalized racism.
Researchers established that African Americans can afford milk but do not like the taste of it.
Anthropological research has shown that many ethnic groups in different parts of the
world, including Asians, Arabs, Jews, and African Americans, avoid fresh milk because
they cannot digestit.
Anthropologists demonstrated that all ethnic groups who do not drink fresh milk
are poor anduneducated, not just African Americans.
Answer: C
Learning Objective: 1.2 Describe the scope of
anthropology.Topic: The Scope of Anthropology
Skill Level: Apply What You
KnowDifficulty Level: Difficult
32.
A)
B)
C)
D)
How might anthropologists employ the holistic approach in the study of a
particular religiouscustom?
They would record the history of the custom as told by the community’s elders.
They would consider the environmental and economic origins of the custom.
They would employ the methods of participant observation to better understand the custom.
They would approach the custom with Western biases in mind.
Answer: B
Learning Objective: 1.3 Explain the holistic
approach.Topic: The Holistic Approach
Skill Level: Apply What You
KnowDifficulty Level: Moderate
33.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Which of the following areas of study is a part of anthropology?
how race is linked to behavior and intelligence
how insect colonies are organized
why contemporary peoples have different cultures
when and how dinosaurs became extinct
Answer: C
Learning Objective: 1.5 Differentiate among the five major fields of
anthropology.Topic: Fields of Anthropology
Skill Level: Apply What You
KnowDifficulty Level: Moderate
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34.
A)
B)
C)
D)
What two distinct sets of questions are sought by biological anthropologists?
reconstructing cultural changes in the past through artifacts; the history and diversity of
languages
applying knowledge of culture to correct social problems; understanding how and
why peopletoday vary in their customs and behaviors
using cultural knowledge to dominate and exploit other societies; studying the earliest
examples oftool use by our human ancestors
the emergence and evolution of human beings; how and why contemporary
humans varybiologically
Answer: D
Learning Objective: 1.5 Differentiate among the five major fields of
anthropology.Topic: Fields of Anthropology
Skill Level: Apply What You
KnowDifficulty Level: Moderate
35.
A)
B)
C)
D)
How do we know that all living people belong to the species Homo sapiens?
All modern humans have the same blood type.
People from all populations can successfully interbreed.
Humans from around the world look pretty much the same.
Historical documents can trace ancestry back to the origin of our species.
Answer: B
Learning Objective: 1.5 Differentiate among the five major fields of
anthropology.Topic: Fields of Anthropology
Skill Level: Apply What You
KnowDifficulty Level: Moderate
36.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Which type of anthropologist would be best suited to investigating the daily life
of an Asiancivilization dating to 15,000 years ago?
an archaeologist
an ethnologist
an ethnohistorian
a primatologist
Answer: A
Learning Objective: 1.5 Differentiate among the five major fields of
anthropology.Topic: Fields of Anthropology
Skill Level: Apply What You
KnowDifficulty Level: Moderate
37.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Compared to anthropologists of previous years, an anthropologist today is more likely to
.
investigate many different aspects of life of the people studied
study a geographically more distant society
specialize in one certain topic or area
do fieldwork alone
Answer: C
Learning Objective: 1.6 Explain the ways in which anthropologists specialize within their
fields of study.Topic: Specialization
Skill Level: Apply What You Know
Difficulty Level: Moderate
38.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Some specialties cross anthropological subfields. What subfields contribute
to medicalanthropology?
linguistic anthropology and ethnology
archaeology and linguistic anthropology
ethnology and biological anthropology
biological anthropology and archaeology
Answer: C
Learning Objective: 1.6 Explain the ways in which anthropologists specialize within their
fields of study.Topic: Specialization
Skill Level: Apply What You
KnowDifficulty Level: Moderate
39.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Anthropology helps us realize that people are physically and culturally adapted to their particular
.
religions
lifestyles
languages
environments
Answer: D
Learning Objective: 1.7 Communicate the relevance of
anthropology.Topic: The Relevance of Anthropology
Skill Level: Apply What You
KnowDifficulty Level: Moderate
40.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Which of the following illustrates one way in which anthropology helps to
alleviate culturalmisunderstandings?
Understanding differences in body language across cultures helps with communication.
Anthropologists insist that you learn at least one other language.
Anthropology teaches that all behaviors are acceptable.
Anthropology encourages everyone to do a cross-cultural immersion course in college.
Answer: A
Learning Objective: 1.7 Communicate the relevance of
anthropology.Topic: The Relevance of Anthropology
Skill Level: Apply What You
KnowDifficulty Level: Moderate
41.
A)
B)
C)
D)
What drives anthropologists to choose such a broad subject of study?
A key tenet within anthropology is that there is a fundamental base to all human culture.
Many anthropologists believe that other disciplines lack scientific rigor.
Anthropology attracts people who have difficulty narrowing their research focus.
They believe that any generalization about humans should be applicable across time and space.
Answer: D
Learning Objective: 1.2 Describe the scope of
anthropology.Topic: The Scope of Anthropology
Skill Level: Analyze It
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Difficulty Level: Difficult
42.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Although archaeologists and historians are both interested in the past, how does
archaeology differfrom history in its approach?
Unlike historians, archaeologists only care about the writing systems of non-English speakers.
Unlike historians, archaeologists study past societies that pre-date written
records, using onlymaterial remains such as pottery and stone tools.
Archaeologists dig up dinosaurs, while historians focus on humans.
Archaeologists only rely on fossil remains from human ancestors.
Answer: B
Learning Objective: 1.5 Differentiate among the five major fields of
anthropology.Topic: Fields of Anthropology
Skill Level: Analyze It
Difficulty Level:
Difficult
43.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Compared to the historian, the archaeologist is
.
less likely to analyze written records of ancient societies
more likely to analyze written records of ancient societies
more likely to study very ancient cultures
more likely to study how societies change over time
Answer: C
Learning Objective: 1.5 Differentiate among the five major fields of
anthropology.Topic: Fields of Anthropology
Skill Level: Analyze It
Difficulty Level:
Moderate
44.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Which of the following disciplines would have the greatest overlap with archaeologists
researchingearly toolmaking?
anatomy
geography
geology
sociology
Answer: C
Learning Objective: 1.5 Differentiate among the five major fields of
anthropology.Topic: Fields of Anthropology
Skill Level: Analyze It
Difficulty Level:
Moderate
45.
A)
B)
C)
D)
What is the primary purpose of an ethnologist’s fieldwork?
It allows researchers to become more sympathetic to their research subjects’ concerns.
It provides the data needed to describe the typical cultural behaviors of a group of people.
Fieldwork is a training period to prepare ethnologists for jobs as professors.
It is a rite of passage for anthropologists, as it is a traditional component of anthropological
work.
Answer: B
Learning Objective: 1.5 Differentiate among the five major fields of
anthropology.Topic: Fields of Anthropology
Skill Level: Analyze It
Difficulty Level: Difficult
46.
A)
B)
C)
D)
How is the ethnohistorian’s work similar to that of a historian?
They work entirely on populations from the past.
They eschew artifacts in favor of the written record.
They must piece together information from scattered—and sometimes contradictory—sources.
Both are housed in history departments in most universities.
Answer: C
Learning Objective: 1.5 Differentiate among the five major fields of
anthropology.Topic: Fields of Anthropology
Skill Level: Analyze It
Difficulty Level:
Difficult
47.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ethnology overlaps with more specific disciplines, such as literature, economics,
or religiousstudies. What, then, is the distinctive feature of ethnology?
It compares these topics cross-culturally.
It is interested in how these various aspects of life fit together.
It focuses on non-Western variation in these areas.
Only ethnology studies these issues among people with no written language.
Answer: B
Learning Objective: 1.5 Differentiate among the five major fields of
anthropology.Topic: Fields of Anthropology
Skill Level: Analyze It
Difficulty Level:
Difficult
48.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Why do most disciplines become more specialized as they grow?
Knowledge accumulates and methods become more advanced.
People get bored studying the same topics over and over again.
Theories fade out of use and more complex ideas must take their place.
Scientists today are simply more intelligent than scientists of the past.
Answer: A
Learning Objective: 1.6 Explain the ways in which anthropologists specialize within their
fields of study.Topic: Specialization
Skill Level: Analyze It
Difficulty Level:
Difficult
49.
A)
B)
C)
D)
How does specialization affect an anthropologist’s connection to other disciplines?
Specialization isolates anthropologists from other disciplines.
There is very little specialization in anthropology, so communication with other
disciplines isfrequent.
Anthropologists can become so specialized they become a part of another discipline altogether.
Most anthropologists have some overlap with other disciplines that share their research.
Answer: D
Learning Objective: 1.6 Explain the ways in which anthropologists specialize within their
fields of study.Topic: Specialization
Skill Level: Analyze It
Difficulty Level:
Moderate
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50.
A)
B)
C)
D)
How is the study of anthropology useful?
It teaches us that Western culture should be replaced by more indigenous belief systems.
Exploring human variation shows us why social stratification is unavoidable.
The study of anthropology gives us a better understanding of humankind.
The study of world cultures helps us determine which culture traits are the best.
Answer: C
Learning Objective: 1.7 Communicate the relevance of
anthropology.Topic: The Relevance of Anthropology
Skill Level: Analyze It
Difficulty Level:
Moderate
Essay Questions
51.
Anthropology is sometimes called the “umbrella discipline” because it can
encompass so manydiverse areas of study. Explain what topics fall under the scope
of anthropology, and why.
Answer: The ideal answer should include:
1. Define anthropology as the study of humans
2. Explain breadth of scope, both geographically and historically
3. Focus on human life in all its expression and
varietyLearning Objective: 1.2 Describe the scope of
anthropology. Topic: The Scope of Anthropology
Skill Level: Analyze It
Difficulty Level:
Moderate
52.
What is the holistic approach? Demonstrate how the holistic approach is a vital
component of theanthropological perspective.
Answer: The ideal answer should include:
1. Define the holistic approach
2. Give a specific example of how anthropologists use this approach
3. Connect this to the overall scope of anthropological
curiosityLearning Objective: 1.3 Explain the holistic approach.
Topic: The Holistic
ApproachSkill Level:
Analyze It Difficulty Level:
Difficult
53.
Consider the following subfields of anthropology: archaeology, primatology,
paleoanthropology, ethnology, and linguistic anthropology. Group these subfields into
either biological anthropology or cultural anthropology, and explain your answer.
Answer: The ideal answer should include:
1. Define each of the five subfields given in the question
2. Correctly label primatology and paleoanthropology as biological, the rest as cultural
3. Justify the classification of each
Learning Objective: 1.5 Differentiate among the five major fields of
anthropology.Topic: Fields of Anthropology
Skill Level: Apply What You
KnowDifficulty Level: Moderate
54.
Anthropologists are becoming more and more specialized. Does this specialization
complementor weaken the historically unique anthropological perspective?
Answer: The ideal answer should include:
1. Explain the ways anthropologists are becoming more specialized, and why
2. Discuss the relationships between anthropologists and other scientists
3. Take a position (complements or weakens) and justify it
Learning Objective: 1.6 Explain the ways in which anthropologists specialize within their
fields of study.Topic: Specialization
Skill Level: Analyze It
Difficulty Level:
Difficult
55.
What is the relevance of anthropology? Give at least three examples of
anthropologicalknowledge being applied to real-world problems.
Answer: The ideal answer should include:
1. Show a clear understanding of basic research versus applied anthropology
2. Provide accurate examples of the application of anthropology in
other fieldsLearning Objective: 1.7 Communicate the relevance of
anthropology.
Topic: The Relevance of
AnthropologySkill Level: Apply
What You Know Difficulty Level:
Difficult
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CHAPTER 2: Culture and Culture Change
Multiple Choice Questions
1.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Anthropologists, as well as other social scientists, feel that culture is
learned and shared
inherited
transmitted only from one group to another
only a small part of how people learn their behaviors
.
Answer: A
Learning Objective: 2.1 Discuss the concept of culture as used in anthropology, its salient
properties, andcontroversies surrounding the concept of culture.
Topic: Defining Culture
Skill Level: Remember the
FactsDifficulty Level: Easy
2.
A)
B)
C)
D)
A
is a group of people who occupy a particular territory and speak a
commonlanguage.
family
culture
subculture
society
Answer: D
Learning Objective: 2.1 Discuss the concept of culture as used in anthropology, its salient
properties, andcontroversies surrounding the concept of culture.
Topic: Defining Culture
Skill Level: Remember the
FactsDifficulty Level: Easy
3.
A)
B)
C)
D)
The most powerful transmitter of culture is probably
the school system
language
the elders of a society
parents
.
Answer: B
Learning Objective: 2.1 Discuss the concept of culture as used in anthropology, its salient
properties, andcontroversies surrounding the concept of culture.
Topic: Defining Culture
Skill Level: Remember the
FactsDifficulty Level: Easy
4.
A)
Emile Durkheim stressed that culture is something
power on us.
outside; limiting
us exerting a strong
B)
C)
D)
inside; limiting
outside; coercive
inside; coercive
Answer: C
Learning Objective: 2.2 Describe direct and indirect cultural constraints and how they
relate to norms.Topic: Cultural Constraints
Skill Level: Remember the
FactsDifficulty Level:
Moderate
5.
A)
B)
C)
D)
When a member of a group diverges from acceptable standards, or norms, of
social behavior, he/she may be ridiculed, arrested, or otherwise pressured into
conformity through what EmileDurkheim referred to as .
cultural constraints
cultural relativism
cultural penalties
ethnocentrism
Answer: A
Learning Objective: 2.2 Describe direct and indirect cultural constraints and how they
relate to norms.Topic: Cultural Constraints
Skill Level: Remember the
FactsDifficulty Level: Easy
6.
A)
B)
C)
D)
The tendency to judge other cultures without trying to grasp the reasons behind
their customs iswhat anthropologists refer to as .
diffusion
acculturation
ethnocentrism
cultural relativism
Answer: C
Learning Objective: 2.3 Identify attitudes that hinder the study of
cultures.Topic: Attitudes That Hinder the Study of Cultures
Skill Level: Remember the
FactsDifficulty Level: Easy
7.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Which important tenet of anthropology was first championed by Franz Boas to
challenge theattitude that Western culture was inherently superior to others?
evolutionism
cultural relativism
participant-observation
ethnocentrism
Answer: B
Learning Objective: 2.4 Critically assess the concept of cultural
relativism.Topic: Cultural Relativism
Skill Level: Remember the Facts
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Difficulty Level: Easy
8.
A)
B)
C)
D)
The ideal cultural traits of a society
.
consist of the cultural patterns that most people always exhibit
generally reflect the way a society was in the past
consist of the ideas people have about how they ought to behave
are usually followed by the most respected members of a community, but not necessarily by
others
Answer: C
Learning Objective: 2.5 Describe the methods by which anthropologists describe
cultures.Topic: Describing a Culture
Skill Level: Remember the
FactsDifficulty Level:
Moderate
9.
A)
B)
C)
D)
What is the modal response for a cultural rule?
the most frequently encountered response
the most rarely encountered response
the response that most people report as the ideal
the most extreme variation of a response
Answer: A
Learning Objective: 2.5 Describe the methods by which anthropologists describe
cultures.Topic: Describing a Culture
Skill Level: Remember the
FactsDifficulty Level: Easy
10.
A)
B)
C)
D)
An adaptive custom is one that
.
enhances survival and reproduction
changes with other cultural fluctuations
persists over several generations
was learned from other cultures
Answer: A
Learning Objective: 2.6 Explain why culture is integrated, patterned and
cumulative.Topic: Culture Is Patterned
Skill Level: Remember the
FactsDifficulty Level: Easy
11.
A)
B)
C)
D)
What are the ultimate sources of all cultural change?
discovery and modification
invention and discovery
diffusion and discovery
modification and diffusion
Answer: B
Learning Objective: 2.7 Describe and give examples of how cultures change through
discovery andinvention, diffusion, and acculturation.
Topic: How and Why Cultures
ChangeSkill Level: Remember the
Facts Difficulty Level: Easy
12.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Which of the following is a basic pattern of diffusion?
invention
historical interaction
discovery
intermediate contact
Answer: D
Learning Objective: 2.7 Describe and give examples of how cultures change through
discovery andinvention, diffusion, and acculturation.
Topic: How and Why Cultures
ChangeSkill Level: Remember the
Facts Difficulty Level: Easy
13.
A)
B)
C)
D)
How does the everyday usage of the term “culture” differ from its academic definition?
The academic definition reflects traits that are only possessed by a segment of the population.
The common usage deals only with patterns that have been passed down for generations.
The academic definition is narrower than the common usage.
The common usage reflects a desirable quality that can be acquired.
Answer: D
Learning Objective: 2.1 Discuss the concept of culture as used in anthropology, its salient
properties, andcontroversies surrounding the concept of culture.
Topic: Defining Culture
Skill Level: Understand the
ConceptsDifficulty Level:
Moderate
14.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Individuals have
behavior; culture
culture; society
society; beliefs
beliefs; behavior
, but groups share
.
Answer: A
Learning Objective: 2.1 Discuss the concept of culture as used in anthropology, its salient
properties, andcontroversies surrounding the concept of culture.
Topic: Defining Culture
Skill Level: Understand the
ConceptsDifficulty Level: Easy
15.
A)
B)
C)
Which of the following is a major source of new culture?
peer pressure
individual variation
tradition
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D)
revolution
Answer: B
Learning Objective: 2.1 Discuss the concept of culture as used in anthropology, its salient
properties, andcontroversies surrounding the concept of culture.
Topic: Defining Culture
Skill Level: Understand the
ConceptsDifficulty Level:
Moderate
16.
A)
B)
C)
D)
The fact that monkeys and apes can learn new behaviors from each other
does not necessarily mean that they have a culture
suggests that they are ancestral to modern humans
suggests that they have a culture
indicates that they have a rudimentary language
.
Answer: C
Learning Objective: 2.1 Discuss the concept of culture as used in anthropology, its salient
properties, andcontroversies surrounding the concept of culture.
Topic: Defining Culture
Skill Level: Understand the
ConceptsDifficulty Level:
Moderate
17.
Because a word or phrase can represent what it stands for, whether or not that thing
is present, wesay that language is .
A)
B)
C)
D)
adaptive
interpretive
naturalistic
symbolic
Answer: D
Learning Objective: 2.1 Discuss the concept of culture as used in anthropology, its salient
properties, andcontroversies surrounding the concept of culture.
Topic: Defining Culture
Skill Level: Understand the
ConceptsDifficulty Level: Easy
18.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Which of the following is true of conformity studies across culture?
The degree of conformity varies, but most studies still show a conformity effect.
The degree of conformity is relatively stable across cultures.
The number of studies showing a conformity effect is about equal to those that find no effect.
There is no conformity effect in most non-Western societies.
Answer: A
Learning Objective: 2.2 Describe direct and indirect cultural constraints and how they
relate to norms.Topic: Cultural Constraints
Skill Level: Understand the
ConceptsDifficulty Level:
Moderate
19.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Ethnocentrism both hinders our understanding of other peoples’ cultures and
helps us adopt other peoples’ customs for our own uses
ensures that our culture will never change
keeps us from understanding our own customs
reminds us of how much our culture has evolved
.
Answer: C
Learning Objective: 2.3 Identify attitudes that hinder the study of
cultures.Topic: Attitudes That Hinder the Study of Cultures
Skill Level: Understand the
ConceptsDifficulty Level:
Moderate
20.
A)
B)
C)
D)
What is the conceptual opposite of ethnocentrism?
the glorification of other cultures
an understanding of the nuances of other cultures
thinking your own culture is better than others
believing that all cultures are essentially the same
Answer: A
Learning Objective: 2.3 Identify attitudes that hinder the study of
cultures.Topic: Attitudes That Hinder the Study of Cultures
Skill Level: Understand the
ConceptsDifficulty Level:
Moderate
21.
A)
B)
C)
D)
How did early evolutionists tend to think of Western cultures?
They believed they were lacking in important knowledge that other cultures already possessed.
They were extremely relativistic in their thinking, seeing all cultures as morally equivalent.
They viewed Western cultures as being at the most progressive stage of evolution.
There was a rift between ethnocentric and relativistic evolutionists at the time.
Answer: C
Learning Objective: 2.4 Critically assess the concept of cultural
relativism.Topic: Cultural Relativism
Skill Level: Understand the
ConceptsDifficulty Level:
Moderate
22.
A)
B)
C)
D)
How do anthropologists deal with the range of individual behaviors they meet
when trying todescribe a culture?
They use the variations to define acceptable limits of behavior.
They ignore all but the most common few variations.
They describe all possible variations instead of looking for patterns.
They focus on the most unusual variations and the people involved in them.
Answer: A
Learning Objective: 2.5 Describe the methods by which anthropologists describe
cultures.Topic: Describing a Culture
Full download please email me stoneklopp@gmail.com
Skill Level: Understand the
ConceptsDifficulty Level:
Moderate
23.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Studies of culture change and cultural diversity suggest that
culture change will slow down in the next decades
differences between people of different cultures are minimal
ethic identities are lost in the process of culture change
cultures tend to retain some of their original characteristics
.
Answer: D
Learning Objective: 2.11 Characterize what anthropologists predict about future
cultural diversity.Topic: Cultural Diversity in the Future
Skill Level: Understand the
ConceptsDifficulty Level:
Moderate
24.
A)
B)
C)
D)
What does the concept of cultural integration mean?
Cultural elements are mostly consistent with one another.
Cultural elements are constant.
Cultural traits that are maladaptive can be made to work with adaptive traits.
Cultural elements are a fairly eclectic assortment.
Answer: A
Learning Objective: 2.6 Explain why culture is integrated, patterned and
cumulative.Topic: Culture Is Patterned
Skill Level: Understand
Difficulty Level:
Moderate
25.
A)
B)
C)
D)
The conscious or unconscious pressure for cultural
innovation
consistency
relevance
superiority
will often produce cultural change.
Answer: B
Learning Objective: 2.7 Describe and give examples of how cultures change through
discovery andinvention, diffusion, and acculturation.
Topic: How and Why Cultures
ChangeSkill Level: Understand the
Concepts Difficulty Level: Easy
26.
A)
B)
C)
D)
The process of cultural change known as
describes a situation in which a
subordinatesociety adopts cultural traits or technologies through contact with a more
powerful society, either through force or due to perceived economic or social
advantages.
unconscious invention
stimulus diffusion
enculturation
acculturation
Answer: D
Learning Objective: 2.7 Describe and give examples of how cultures change through
discovery andinvention, diffusion, and acculturation.
Topic: How and Why Cultures
ChangeSkill Level: Understand the
Concepts Difficulty Level:
Moderate
27.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Which of the following is an example of forced acculturation?
the popularity of McDonald’s restaurants in Japan
teens across Europe watching MTV
schools for Native American children
Inuit hunters using snowmobiles and GPS technology
Answer: C
Learning Objective: 2.7 Describe and give examples of how cultures change through
discovery andinvention, diffusion, and acculturation.
Topic: How and Why Cultures
ChangeSkill Level: Understand the
Concepts Difficulty Level:
Moderate
28.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Populations that live closer to the equator tend to have
.
more cultural/ethnic diversity than northern or southern latitude populations
less cultural/ethnic diversity than northern or southern latitude populations
more environmental unpredictability than northern or southern latitude populations
minimized ethnogenesis compared to northern or southern latitude populations
Answer: A
Learning Objective: 2.11 Characterize what anthropologists predict about future
cultural diversity.Topic: Cultural Diversity in the Future
Skill Level: Understand the
ConceptsDifficulty Level:
Moderate
29.
A)
B)
C)
D)
While there are many negative consequences to globalization, the United Nations has
suggested animprovement in
.
the spread of disease
workers’ wages
literacy rates
deforestation rates
Answer: C
Learning Objective: 2.9 Evaluate the problems and opportunities posed by
globalization.Topic: Globalization: Problems and Opportunities
Skill Level: Understand the
ConceptsDifficulty Level: Easy
Full download please email me stoneklopp@gmail.com
30.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Often, in the aftermath of violent events such as depopulation, relocation,
enslavement, and genocide by dominant powers, deprived peoples have created
new cultures in a process called
.
ethnogenesis
diaspora
acculturation
diffusion
Answer: A
Learning Objective: 2.10 Describe and give examples of ethnogenesis, or the emergence of
new cultures.Topic: Ethnogenesis: The Emergence of New Cultures
Skill Level: Understand the
ConceptsDifficulty Level: Easy
31.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Why is hair color not considered a cultural trait?
There are many different colors of hair within one culture.
Hair color may be shared by most members of a culture, but it is not a learned trait.
People learn which hair colors are preferred, but they cannot change their hair color.
Hair color is neither learned nor shared throughout the culture.
Answer: B
Learning Objective: 2.1 Discuss the concept of culture as used in anthropology, its salient
properties, andcontroversies surrounding the concept of culture.
Topic: Defining Culture
Skill Level: Apply What You
KnowDifficulty Level: Moderate
32.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Which of the following behaviors would most likely be subject to direct cultural
constraints inAmerican society?
a young man’s attempt to kiss his girlfriend
a woman carrying her child in a soft basket hung from her head
choosing to wear nothing
dancing in the street before going to work
Answer: C
Learning Objective: 2.2 Describe direct and indirect cultural constraints and how they
relate to norms.Topic: Cultural Constraints
Skill Level: Apply What You
KnowDifficulty Level: Moderate
33.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Which of the following American norms might be seen as immoral or inferior by
someone fromanother culture?
putting a baby to sleep in its own room
wearing special clothing for sleep
sleeping in a bed
sleeping for 6–8 hours each
nightAnswer: A
Learning Objective: 2.3 Identify attitudes that hinder the study of
cultures.Topic: Attitudes That Hinder the Study of Cultures
Skill Level: Apply What You
KnowDifficulty Level: Moderate
34.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Which of the following statements is true regarding ethics across cultures?
All cultures have similar ethical standards.
All cultures have ethical standards, but what they emphasize varies.
All cultures have identical ethical standards.
Some cultures have no ethical standards.
Answer: B
Learning Objective: 2.4 Critically assess the concept of cultural
relativism.Topic: Cultural Relativism
Skill Level: Apply What You
KnowDifficulty Level: Moderate
35.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Which of the following is an example of consistency of cultural traits?
Americans believe that eating dogs is wrong because they are sometimes kept as
family pets, sothey also avoid eating pigs.
The French often allow children to have wine, so they also have high rates of alcoholism.
The English drive on the left side of the road, so they also have their steering wheels
on the rightside of the car.
The Japanese diet contains a lot of seafood, so they disapprove of raising a garden for food.
Answer: C
Learning Objective: 2.6 Explain why culture is integrated, patterned and
cumulative.Topic: Culture Is Patterned
Skill Level: Apply What You
KnowDifficulty Level: Moderate
36.
A)
B)
C)
D)
The !Kung hunter-gatherers of the Kalahari Desert in Africa live in small, nomadic
groups and ownfew material possessions. Anthropologists refer to these cultural traits
as
that help
them survive in their social and physical environment.
adaptive customs
maladaptive customs
assimilations
backward traits
Answer: A
Learning Objective: 2.6 Explain why culture is integrated, patterned and
cumulative.Topic: Culture Is Patterned
Skill Level: Apply What You
KnowDifficulty Level: Moderate
37.
The Tapirapé of Brazil maintained their tradition of having very small families even in
the face ofextinction. This is an example of a(n) custom.
Full download please email me stoneklopp@gmail.com
A)
B)
C)
D)
adaptive
maladaptive
integrating
constraining
Answer: B
Learning Objective: 2.6 Explain why culture is integrated, patterned and
cumulative.Topic: Culture Is Patterned
Skill Level: Apply What You
KnowDifficulty Level: Moderate
38.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Which of the following groups is most likely to be an early adopter of innovation
because theyshow less conservatism?
the upper-middle class
the wealthy upper class
the very poor
the lower-middle class
Answer: D
Learning Objective: 2.7 Describe and give examples of how cultures change through
discovery andinvention, diffusion, and acculturation.
Topic: How and Why Cultures
ChangeSkill Level: Apply What You
Know Difficulty Level: Difficult
39.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Which of the following describes the form of culture change known as diffusion?
James Hargreaves developed the spinning jenny to increase the efficiency of textile
manufactureduring the Industrial Revolution.
Your parents teach you the proper way to speak to your elders.
Many of the foods we eat, such as pasta and chicken, were introduced to us through
contact withdifferent cultures around the world.
Medical experiments and discoveries led to the cure for an epidemic disease such as polio.
Answer: C
Learning Objective: 2.7 Describe and give examples of how cultures change through
discovery andinvention, diffusion, and acculturation.
Topic: How and Why Cultures
ChangeSkill Level: Apply What You
Know Difficulty Level: Moderate
40.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Sequoya’s idea to create a writing system for the Cherokee, after encountering
written English, isan example of .
discovery
innovation
acculturation
stimulus
diffusionAnswer: D
Learning Objective: 2.7 Describe and give examples of how cultures change through
discovery andinvention, diffusion, and acculturation.
Topic: How and Why Cultures
ChangeSkill Level: Apply What You
Know Difficulty Level: Moderate
41.
A)
B)
C)
D)
In what areas of American culture have the most drastic changes of cultural norms
taken place inthe last generation?
sex and marriage
economics
religious practices
our educational system
Answer: A
Learning Objective: 2.7 Describe and give examples of how cultures change through
discovery andinvention, diffusion, and acculturation.
Topic: Introduction
Skill Level: Analyze
It
Difficulty Level: Moderate
42.
A)
B)
C)
D)
refers to commonly shared customs of a group within a society.
Subculture
Culture
Rituals
Cultural norm
Answer: A
Learning Objective: 2.1 Discuss the concept of culture as used in anthropology, its salient
properties, andcontroversies surrounding the concept of culture.
Topic: Defining Culture
Skill Level: Analyze It
Difficulty Level:
Moderate
43.
A)
B)
C)
D)
The strong form of cultural relativism suggests that
.
tolerance should be the mode unless there is strong reason to behave otherwise
non-Western cultures are inherently more moral than Western cultures
all patterns of culture are equally valid
any sort of judgment can cloud accuracy of descriptions
Answer: C
Learning Objective: 2.4 Critically assess the concept of cultural
relativism.Topic: Cultural Relativism
Skill Level: Analyze It
Difficulty Level:
Difficult
44.
A)
Some scholars argue that cultural relativists are acting hypocritically by
pushing democracy on other nations
.
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B)
C)
D)
claiming that tolerance is a universal principle
prioritizing non-Western belief systems over Western ones
assuming that all cultures have similar ethical systems
Answer: B
Learning Objective: 2.4 Critically assess the concept of cultural
relativism.Topic: Cultural Relativism
Skill Level: Analyze It
Difficulty Level:
Moderate
45.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Which of the following illustrates an ideal cultural trait in U.S. society that does not
correspond topractical reality?
People of all classes and races are equal before the law.
Most children will go off to college, marry, and start households of their own.
Workers take the weekend off to have a chance to relax.
Children call their mothers on Mother’s Day.
Answer: A
Learning Objective: 2.5 Describe the methods by which anthropologists describe
cultures.Topic: Describing a Culture
Skill Level: Analyze It
Difficulty Level:
Difficult
46.
A)
B)
C)
D)
According to Ralph Linton, what is the difference between discovery and invention?
Discovery is technological, and invention is ideological.
Discovery is an addition to knowledge, and invention is a new application of knowledge.
Discovery is ideological, and invention is technological.
Discovery is a new application of knowledge, and invention is an addition to knowledge.
Answer: B
Learning Objective: 2.7 Describe and give examples of how cultures change through
discovery andinvention, diffusion, and acculturation.
Topic: How and Why Cultures
ChangeSkill Level: Analyze It
Difficulty Level: Difficult
47.
A)
B)
C)
D)
Why might a superior innovation not be adopted?
People may not be intelligent enough to master the new technology.
The habits of the old system are more important than finding something that works better.
The costs of adopting the new innovation might exceed the benefits.
New innovations are generally viewed suspiciously for a while.
Answer: C
Learning Objective: 2.7 Describe and give examples of how cultures change through
discovery andinvention, diffusion, and acculturation.
Topic: How and Why Cultures
ChangeSkill Level: Analyze It
Difficulty Level: Difficult
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