1-BUSINESS ETHICS:
Business ethics are moral principles that guide the way a business behaves. The same
principles that determine an individual’s actions also apply to business.Acting in an ethical way
involves distinguishing between “right” and “wrong” and then making the “right” choice.
2-The 12 principles that form the basis of business ethics are :
Honesty,Integrity,Keeping Your Promises,Loyalty,Fair,Caring,Respect,Obeying the
law,Excellence,Being a Leader,Morale,Accountable,
3-Employmen discrimination is a form of discrimination based
on race, gender, religion, national origin, physical or mental disability, age, sexual orientation,
and gender identity by employers.Este es el concepto de el ,deben poner uno segun ustedes,el de
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Employment discrimination occurs when an employer treats a person unfairly or unfavorably
due to certain protected characteristics, such as race, religion, gender, sexual orientation,
disability, age, among others.
Specific examples of different forms of workplace discrimination are:
Religious discrimination:
An employer refuses to hire a Muslim person because they wear a hijab, claiming it doesn’t align
with the company’s image.
A Christian worker requests time off to attend religious services on Sundays, but the employer
always denies this request while allowing others to take time off for personal reasons.
Racial or ethnic discrimination:
An African American employee is consistently passed over for promotions, despite having more
experience than white colleagues who receive promotions.
An employer reviews applications and automatically rejects candidates with names that sound
"Latino" or "African" without reviewing their experience or qualifications.
Sexual orientation discrimination:
An openly gay employee is verbally harassed by colleagues, and when he reports it to HR, no
appropriate actions are taken.
A same-sex couple is excluded from the company’s health insurance benefits, while heterosexual
couples receive full coverage.
Gender discrimination:
In a company, women receive lower pay than men for performing the same job with the same
responsibilities.
A female employee is fired shortly after informing her boss that she is pregnant, with the excuse
that her work performance might be affected.
Disability discrimination:
A wheelchair-bound candidate applies for a job, but is denied the opportunity because the
facilities are not accessible, and the employer is unwilling to make reasonable accommodations.
An employee with a mild mental disability is continuously assigned to minor tasks and is not
allowed to take on more challenging responsibilities, despite proving their ability to handle them.
4-Here are several examples of unethical behavior by businesses:
- Dumping pollutants into the water supply rather than cleaning up the pollution properly.
- Releasing toxins into the air in levels above what is permitted by the Environmental
Protection Agency.
- Coercing an injured worker not to report a work injury to workers' compensation by
threatening him with the loss of a job or benefits.
- Refusing to give an employee a final paycheck for hours worked after the employee
leaves the company.
-Not paying an employee for all of the hours worked.
- Incorrectly classifying an employee as an independent contractor and not as an
employee in order to reduce payroll taxes and avoid purchasing unemployment and
workers' compensation insurance.
-Engaging in price fixing to force smaller competitors out of business.
- Using bait and switch or false advertising tactics to lure customers in or convince them
to buy a product.
- Rolling back the odometer on a vehicle that is for sale.
- Refusing to honor a warranty claim on a defective product.
General Business Unethical Behavior:
False Advertising: Promoting products or services with misleading claims to attract consumers.
Exploiting Labor: Underpaying workers, forcing them to work long hours without proper
compensation, or neglecting workplace safety.
Environmental Harm: Ignoring environmental regulations, polluting natural resources, or
improperly disposing of hazardous materials.
Price Gouging: Raising prices on essential goods, particularly during crises or shortages, to
maximize profit at the expense of consumers.
Pharmacy Industry Unethical Behavior:
Filling Prescriptions with Substitutes without Consent: Substituting prescribed medication with a
cheaper or less effective alternative without informing the patient or obtaining consent.
Overcharging for Medication: Inflating prices for medications, especially for those who are
uninsured or underinsured.
Kickbacks from Pharmaceutical Companies: Pharmacies accepting financial incentives from
pharmaceutical companies to promote or prioritize specific drugs, potentially influencing
pharmacists' recommendations.
Filling Fraudulent Prescriptions: Filling prescriptions that are clearly falsified or excessive
without proper verification, which can contribute to the opioid crisis or other drug abuse
problems.
Patient Data Misuse: Selling or sharing patient data with third parties without consent, violating
privacy regulations like HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act).
Clinics and Healthcare Providers' Unethical Behavior:
Unnecessary Medical Procedures: Performing unnecessary surgeries or diagnostic tests to
increase revenue, regardless of whether the procedures benefit the patient.
Patient Overbilling: Charging patients or insurance companies for services not provided or
inflating the cost of services beyond what is reasonable.
Neglect of Patients' Needs: Prioritizing profit over patient care by minimizing staffing or
resources, leading to inadequate or negligent treatment of patients.
Manipulating Clinical Trials: Falsifying or selectively reporting clinical trial data to make a
treatment appear more effective or safer than it is.
Refusal of Care Based on Payment: Refusing to provide necessary medical care to patients
without insurance or those unable to pay upfront, especially in emergency situations.