THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD PRELIM REVIEWER
FUNDAMENTALS/CONCEPTS
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Parochialism refers to a narrow and limited
perspective that focuses solely on one's own
local or limited surroundings.
Globalization refers to the ongoing process of
increased interconnectedness and
interdependence among countries, economies,
cultures,and societies around the world.
Manfred Steger - austrian prof. He said that it is
the expansion and intensification of social
relations and consciousness across world-time
and across world-space.
Globalism - an ideology or belief in favor of
increased international cooperation,
collaboration, and collective decision-making on
global issues.
Arjun Appadurai, globalization occur on multiple
and intersecting dimensions of integration that
he calls "scapes."
There are multiple globalizations called scapes
– Ethnoscape, Mediascape, Technoscape,
Financescape, Ideoscape
ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION
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Silk Road - network of pathways spanned from
CN to M.E. and EU. Products traded are
usually silk.
Galleon Trade - Connected MNL and Acapulco,
MXC. Was part of the age of mercantilism
16th-18th Century, Period of Mercantilism – a
system of global trade with multiple restrictions.
EU sell more goods to boost their country’s
income
19th Century, Open Trade System - Gold
Standard, A common basis for currency prices
and fixed exchange-rate system -all based on
the value of gold. Ended after WW1 "Great
Depression"
Bretton Woods system - "largely influenced by
the ideas of British Economist John Maynard
Keynes. Established IMF and IBRD or now
called WB. Fixed Exchange Rates. Ended
1970’s.
Neoliberalism - privatization of governmentcontrolled services
Keynesianism - economic theory, stagflation,
“oil embargo” by OAPEC
20th Century, Fiat Currencies
Liberal internationalism
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GLOBAL POLITICS
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INTERNATIONAL TRADING SYSTEM
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Economic globalization is an Irreversible Trend
Refers to the increasing interdependence of
world economies because of the growing scale
of cross-border trade of commodities and
services, flow of international capital and wide
and rapid spread of technologies
International Monetary Fund (IMF) lending
institution that helps each country to recover
from financial crises.
World Bank - responsible for funding
reconstruction projects of countries
sovereign states particularly the desire for
greater cooperation. One window into the
broader phenomenon of globalization.
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Globalization of politics refers to the multiple
interactions or relations between states.
Politics the activities of governments
concerning the political relations between
countries
Internationalization refers to the deepening of
interactions between states. One window to
view the globalization of politics.
International relations - political, military and
other diplomatic engagements between two or
more countries
Nation-State - refers to state governing a nation
“Christendom” (the entire Christian World).
State - refers to a country and its government. It
has four attributes: 1) population (citizens). 2)
territory 3) government 4) sovereignty
Nation is defined as an "imagined community"
or group of people who shared a common
culture, language, history etc. (Benedict
Anderson)
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Socialist internationalism
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Treaty of Westphalia - signed in 1648 to end
the Thirty Years' War in EU
Westphalian system - a system that gives
stability to European nations through direct
control of their domestic activities - free from
interference of other nations.
Napoleonic Code - a principle that spread
"liberty", "equality" and "fraternity" as themes
for creation of new form of government in
France.
Metternich system- an alliance of "great
powers" - United Kingdoms, Austria, and
Prussia that restored monarchical, hereditary,
and religious privileges of rulers.
Internationalism - imagined system of
heightened interaction between various
Campaigned for 8-hr workday, Labor Day,
int’l women day
Karl Marx - premium economic equality
among the classes of citizens in the world.
Friedrich Engels – along with Karl Marx,
they established a socialist revolution
Vladimir Lenin - established the communist
international (Comintern)
Stalin - re-stablished the Comintern as
Communist Information Bureau
(Cominform)
FUNCTIONS OF THE UNITED NATIONS
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THE INTERSTATE SYSTEM
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Immanuel Kant – believes that citizens in
the state must give up some freedom and
establish a world govt
Jeremy Bentham - legislators should aim
to propose legislation that would create
“the greatest happiness of all nations taken
together".
Giuseppe Mazzini- free, unified nationstate should be the basis of global
cooperation.
Woodrow Wilson- principle of selfdetermination and advocate for the
creation of League of Nations
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Refers to international intergovernmental
organization or groups that are primarily made
up of member-states.
Creation of the United Nations on October
24,1945.
5 active Organs of UN: General Assembly (GA),
Security Council (SC), Economic and Social
Council (ECOSOC), International Court of
Justice (ICJ), Secretariat -UN Admin
5 permanent members: USA, China, Russia,
France, The UK.
September 2005, the Philippines (Gloria
Arroyo) was part of the U.N Security council
Global governance refers to the various
intersecting processes that creates an
international order.