1
BRAND
NAME
CLASSIFICATION
THERAPEUTIC EFFECT
ADVERSE
EFFECT
NURSING
CONSIDERATION
Atropine
Classification:
● Anticholinergic
Antimuscarinic
● Parasympatholytic
● Antiparkinsonian
Bradycardia (Slow Heart Rate):
Atropine is commonly used to
treat bradycardia, which is an
abnormally slow heart rate that
can be life-threatening.
CNS: agitation,
ataxia,
disorientation,
dizzeness,
excitement,
hallucination,
headache,
insomnia,
restlessness
Ensure adequate
hydration
coma, confusion,
delirium,
Preoperative Medication:
used preoperatively to reduce
salivation and secretions in the
airway, which helps to minimize
the risk of aspiration and improve
surgical conditions.
Antidote for Cholinergic
Poisoning:
antidote for poisoning with
organophosphates or
carbamates, which are types of
cholinergic agents that inhibit
acetylcholinesterase, leading to
excessive accumulation of
acetylcholine.
• CV: angina,
arrhythmias,
flushing,
palpitations,
tachycardia
• GI: Dry mouth,
nausea, vomiting,
thirst
• GU: Urine
retention;
• HEMATOLOGIC:
leukocytosis
• Other:
anaphylaxis
• Have patient void
before taking
medication if urinary
retention is a
problem.
• Take as
prescribed, 30 min
before meals; avoid
excessive dosage.
• Avoid hot
environments, you
will be heat
intolerant, and
dangerous reactions
may occur.
use caution driving
or performing
hazardous tasks
• ensure adequate
fluid intake, proper
diet
• suck sugarless
lozenges
2
Sodium
Nitroprus
side
Drug Classification:
● Anti-hypersensitive
● Therapeutic Action:
Inhibits histamine
Inhibits basal/nocturnal gastric
acid secretion.
Adverse Effect:
Too-rapid IV
infusion rate
reduces B/P too
Check with
physician for desired
B/P parameters (B/P
is normally
●
action at
histamine-2
(H2) receptors of
parietal cells.
quickly.
Nausea, vomiting,
diaphoresis,
apprehension,
headache,
restlessness,
muscle twitching,
dizziness,
palpitations,
retrosternal pain,
abdominal pain
may occur.
Symptoms
disappear rapidly if
rate of
administration is
slowed or
temporarily
discontinued.
Overdose
produces
metabolic acidosis,
tolerance to
therapeutic effect.
maintained
approximately 30%40% below
pretreatment levels).
Medication should
be discontinued if
therapeutic
response is not
achieved within 10
min after IV infusion
at 10 mog/kg/min.
Monitor EKG, B/P
continuously.
Monitor blood
acid-base balance,
electrolytes,
laboratory results,
18O.
Assess for metabolic
acidosis (weakness,
disorientation,
headache, nausea,
hyperventilation,
vomiting).
Assess for
therapeutic
response to
medication.
Monitor B/P for
potential rebound
hypertension after
infusion is
discontinued
3
AMiodar
one
Drug Classification:
● Anti-arrhythmic
This medication is used to treat
certain types of serious (possibly
bruising/bleeding,
loss of
Monitor ECG
continuously during
fatal) irregular heartbeat (such as
persistent ventricular
fibrillation/tachycardia).
It is used to restore normal heart
rhythm and maintain a regular,
steady heartbeat.
coordination,
tingling/numbness
of the hands or
feet,
h as shortness of
breath, swelling
ankles/feet,
unusual tiredness,
unusual/sudden
weight gain).
IV therapy or
initiation of oral
therapy.
Monitor heart rate
and rhythm
throughout therapy;
PR prolongation,
slight QRS
widening, T-wave
amplitude reduction
with T-wave
widening and
bifurcation, and U
waves may occur.
QT prolongation
closely during IV
therapy.
Report
promptly; patients
receiving IV therapy
may require slowing
rate, discontinuing
infusion, or inserting
a temporary
pacemaker.
Assess pacing and
defibrillation
threshold in patients
with pacemakers
and implanted
defibrillators at
beginning and
periodically during
therapy.
Assess for signs of
pulmonary toxicity
(rales/crackles,
decreased breath
sounds, pleuritic
friction rub, fatigue,
dyspnea, cough,
wheezing, pleuritic
pain, fever,
hemoptysis, and
hypoxia).
Chest x-ray and
pulmonary function
tests are
recommended
before therapy.
Monitor chest x-ray
every
4
Aminoph
ylline
Brand
Name:
Phylloco
ntin,
Truphylli
ne
Classification:
Therapeutic:
● bronchodilator
Bronchodilation:
● Use: Aminophylline is
used to provide relief
from acute
bronchospasm and
airway obstruction
associated with asthma
and COPD.
Acute Asthma Exacerbations:
● Use: In emergency
situations, aminophylline
can be used as an
adjunctive treatment for
acute asthma
exacerbations when other
therapies, such as
beta-agonists and
corticosteroids, are not
sufficient.
Adverse effect:
Respiratory:
- tachypnea,
- respiratory arrest
Observe the
patient's 10 rights of
medication
administration
- Administer to
pregnant patients
only when clearly
needed neonatal
tachycardia,
jitteriness, and
withdrawal apnea
observed when
mothers received
xanthines up until
delivery.
- Caution patient not
to chew or crush
enteric-coated
timed-release forms.
5
Mannitol
Brand
Name:
Osmitrol
Classification
● Diuretic
CV: Circulatory
overload,
Reduction of Intracranial
Pressure (ICP):
● Use: Mannitol is often
used to rapidly reduce
intracranial pressure in
patients with conditions
such as traumatic brain
injury, cerebral edema, or
acute cerebral
hemorrhage.
Management of Elevated Serum
Urea and Creatinine:
● Use: In cases of severe
hyperuricemia or elevated
creatinine levels,
particularly in the setting
of tumor lysis syndrome,
mannitol can help
manage these conditions
by promoting diuresis.
CNS: Headache,
convulsions,
headache, chills,
dizziness
SKIN: Rash
METABOLIC: F
and E imbalance,
water intoxication,
dehydration and
hypovolemia
secondary to
GI: Nausea,
vomiting,
xerostomia
GU: Polyuria,
dysuria
Respi: Pulmonary
edema
Miscellaneous:
Allergic
reactions
Assess urine output.
Urine output of 30
ml/hr following the
test dose shows an
adequate response.
• • Do not give these
diuretics to clients
who have heart
failure, or who are
severely
dehydrated.
They increase the
vascular volume and
may worsen heart
failure. These drugs
are not effective
unless extracellular
volume is adequate.
rapid diuresis,
hyponatremia
• • Administer
mannitol IV, diluting
before use if
indicated.
• • Administer urea
IV diluting in
100 ml of D5W or
D10W for
every 30g of urea.
Administer no faster
than 4mL/min
through a filter.
• • Monitor VS,
breath sounds, and
UOP.
• • D/C the drug if
signs of heart failure
or pulmonary edema
develop or if renal
function
continues to decline.
6
Magnesi
um
Sulfate
●
●
●
Electrolyte
Antiepileptic
Laxative
Seizure Management in
Eclampsia:
● Use: Magnesium sulfate
is the treatment of choice
for preventing and
managing seizures in
pregnant women with
eclampsia or severe
preeclampsia.
Management of Severe Asthma
Exacerbations:
● Use: Magnesium sulfate
is used as an adjunctive
therapy in severe asthma
exacerbations when other
treatments (such as
beta-agonists and
corticosteroids) are not
sufficiently effective.
Electrolyte Imbalance Correction:
● Use: Magnesium sulfate
can be used to correct
magnesium deficiencies
that may lead to
neuromuscular or cardiac
symptoms.
7
Epinephri
ne
●
●
Beta1 and Beta2
adrenergic
Agonist
●
Cardiac Stimulant
Epinephrine injection is indicated
in the emergency treatment of
type I allergic reactions, including
anaphylaxis.
It is also used to increase mean
arterial blood pressure in adult
CNS: weakness,
dizziness, fainting,
sweating,
drowsiness,
hypothermia,
paralysis, seizure,
tetany, twitching
check if allergic to
MgSO
CV: palpitation,
heart block,
hypotension,
slow/weak pulse,
circulatory colapse
•monitor knee-jerk
reflex before
repeated parenteral
administration
GI: excessive
bowel activity,
METABOLIC:
hypocalcemia
RESPIRATORY:
respiratory
paralysis
, • monitor serum
magnesium level
during parenteral
therapy
•don't give oral
MgSO with
abdominal pain
• monitor bowel
function
•maintain urine
output at a level of
100ml q4h during
parenteral
administration
OTHER:
diaphoresis,
flushing
Central Nervous
system (CNS):
anxiety, dizziness.
Nervousness,
agitation,
headache,
Parkinson disease
Assessment & Drug
Effects
Monitor BP, pulse,
respirations, and
urinary output and
observe patient
closely following
●
8
Hydrocor
tisone
Bronchodilator
Pharmacologic
Class
● Adrenal cortical
steroid
● Corticosteroid
Glucocorticoid
patients with hypotension
associated with septic shock.
This medication is used in
emergencies to treat very serious
allergic reactions to insect
stings/bites, foods, drugs, or
other substances
Epinephrine works quickly to
improve breathing, stimulate the
heart, raise a dropping blood
pressure, reverse hives, and
reduce swelling of the face, lips,
and throat.
Anaphylaxis:
● Use: Hydrocortisone is
used as part of the
treatment for severe
allergic reactions or
anaphylaxis, especially
when symptoms persist
after initial epinephrine
treatment.
Therapeutic
Class
● Hormone
● Pregnancy category Acute Adrenal Insufficiency:
● Use: Hydrocortisone is
used to treat acute
adrenal insufficiency
(Addisonian crisis), which
can occur due to adrenal
exacerbation.
• Cardiovascular:
Arrhythmias, chest
pain, hypertension,
palpitations,
tachycardia.
• Dermatologic:
Gangrene at the
injection site
especially in
buttocks)
• Endocrine:
Hyperglycemia,
hypokalemia, lactic
acidosis
• Gastrointestinal:
Nausea, vomiting,
increase in AST
and ALT
• Neuromuscular:
IV administration.
Epinephrine may
widen pulse
pressure.
CNS: Vertigo,
headache,
paresthesias,
insomnia,
seizures,
psychosis
Assessfor
contraindications
CV: Hypotension,
shock, HPN and
heart failure
secondary to
fluid retention
thromboembolism,
thrombophlebitis,
fat embolism,
cardiac
If disturbances in
cardiac rhythm
occur, withhold
epinephrine and
notify physician
immediately.
Keep physicians
informed of any
changes in
intake-output ratio.
Use cardiac
monitors with
patients receiving
epinephrine IV. Have
a full crash cart
immediately
available.
- Assess body
weight, skin color,
V/S, urinalysis,
serum electrolytes,
X-rays, CBC,
- Amanoe for
increased dosage
when patient is
subject to unusual
stress.
- Do not give live
gland failure or abrupt
cessation of
corticosteroid therapy.
arrhythmias
Dermatologic:
Thin, fragile skin,
petechiae.
ecchymoses,
purpura, striae,
subcutaneous fat
atrophy
EENT: Cataracts,
glaucoma,
Endocrine:
Amenorrhea,
Irregular mens.
growth retardation,
decreased
carbohydrate
tolerance and Um,
custingod suae.
hrA
suppression
systemic,
hyperglycemia
Gl Peptic or
esophegeal ulcer，
pancreatitis,
abdominal
distention, nausea,
vomiting increased
appetite and
weight
9
Heparin
BRAND
NAME:
Hepalea
n,
CLASSIFICATION:
● Blood formers,
coagulators, and
anticoagulants
Acute Myocardial Infarction (MI)
and Unstable Angina:
● Use: Heparin is used to
prevent clot formation
and extension during
acute myocardial
Heparin-induced
thrombocytope
nia, possibly
delayed (1030% )
Frequency Not
vaccines with
immunosuppressive
doses of
hydrocortisone.
- Observe the 15
rights of drug
Petiniest
During
- Space multiple
doses evenly
throughout the day.
duration to minimize
adverse effects.
- Taper doses when
discontinuing
high-dose or
long-term therapy
Lab tests: Baseline
blood coagulation
tests, Hct, Hgb,
RBC, and platelet
counts prior to
initiation of therapy
Heparin
Sodium
Lock
flush
solution,
Hep-Loc
k,
Lipo-Hep
in,
Liquaemi
n Sodium
infarction or unstable
angina.
Stroke Management:
● Use: In certain types of
acute ischemic stroke,
especially if thrombolysis
(e.g., tPA) is
contraindicated or if the
patient is at high risk for
embolism, heparin may
be used.
Defined
Mild pain
Hemorrhage
Injection site ulcer
(after deep SC
injection)
Increased liver
aminotransfera se
and at regular
intervals throughout
therapy.
Monitor APTT levels
closely.
Note: In general,
dosage is adjusted
to keep APTT
between 1.5-2.5
times normal control
level.
Draw blood for
coagulation test 30
min before each
scheduled SC or
intermittent
IV dose and
approximately q4h
for patients receiving
continuous IV
heparin during
dosage adjustment
period.
After dosage is
established, tests
may be done once
daily.
10
Diazepa
m
Classification:
● Anticonvulsant,
Sedative,
● Skeletal muscle
relaxants
Antixiolytic effect and anti
convulsant for muscle relxation
for alleviating muscle spasms or
rigidity, which can be relevant in
emergency cases involving
trauma or neurological
conditions.
Side eflects:
1. Respiratory
depression
2.
Hypotension/reflex
tachycardia
3. Blurred vision
4. Amnesia
5. Headache
Monitor BP, PR, RR
prior to periodically
throughout therapy
2. Assess IV site
frequently during
administration
-Diazepam may
cause:
6. Drowsiness
PHLEBITIS and
VENOUS
THROMBOSIS
3. Observe and
record intensity,
duration and
location of seizure
activity
-The initial dose of
Diazepam offers
seizure control for
15-20 minutes after
administration
11
12
Dextrose
50%
Phenytoi
n sodium
●
●
●
Caloric Agent;
Nutritive Agent /
Carbohydrate
Classification
anticonvulsant
Hypoglycemia Management to
rapidly correct severe
hypoglycemia (low blood sugar),
especially in patients with
diabetes or those experiencing
insulin overdose which also can
provide an immediate source of
energy.
Seizure Management:
● Use: Phenytoin sodium is
used to manage and
prevent seizures in
various settings, including
in emergency situations
such as status
epilepticus.
Cardiovascular.
tissue necrosis,
thrombophlebitis
• Endocrine:
hyperglycemia,
aluminum toxicity,
rebound
hypoglycemia,
hypokalemia,
hypomagnesemia,
hypophosphatemia
• Immunologic:
anaphylaxis
• Gastrointestinal:
nausea
Extravasation of the
tissue; infiltration of
dextrose may result
in tissue necrosis
• Localized venous
irritation may occur
when smaller veins
are used
CNS: ataxia,
confusion,
dizziness,
headaches,
insomnia,
nervousness,
slurred speech,
twitching
Patients taking
phenytoin should be
advised of the
importance of
adhering strictly to
the prescribed
dosage regimen,
and of informing the
physician of any
clinical condition in
• CV: Hypotension
• Wernicke's
encephalopathy in
the alcoholic patient
due to probable
thiamine deficiency
• EENT: blurred
vision
• GI: nausea,
vomiting
• HEMATOLOGIC:
anemia,
leucopenia
• Metabolic:
Hyperglycemia
• Other: pain,
necrosis
13
calcium
gluconat
e
Brand
Name:
Phil
Pharmaw
ealth/H
arson
Calcium
Gluconat
e amp
Classification
● Calcium
supplement,
● anti-arrhythmic
Management of Hypocalcemia:
● Use: Calcium gluconate
is used to rapidly correct
severe hypocalcemia,
which can occur due to
various conditions such
as hypoparathyroidism,
vitamin D deficiency, or
renal failure.
CNS: pain, sense
of oppression,
tingling
which it is not
possible to take the
drug orally as
prescribed, e.g.,
surgery,
• The importance of
good dental hygiene
should be stressed
in order to minimize
the development of
gingival hyperplasia
and its
complications.
• Do not use
capsules which are
discolored
Make sure
prescriber specifies
form of calcium to
be given; crash carts
CV: bradycardia,
may contain both
cardiac arrest, mild calcium gluconate
decrease in blood
and calcium
pressure,
chloride.
vasodilation
• Tell patient to take
GI: constipation,
oral calcium 1 to
Nausea, vomiting, 11/2 hours after
thirst
meals if Gl upset
occurs.
GU: polyuria, renal
calculi
• Give I.M. injection
in gluteal region in
METABOLIC:
adults and in lateral
hypercalcemia
thigh in infants. Use
I.M. route only in
SKIN: burning,
emergencies when
cellulitis, necrosis, no I.V. route is
soft-tissue
calcification
IV use
available bec. of
irritation of tissue by
calaum salts.
OTHER: vein
irritation with • Tell
patient to take oral
calcium
with a full glass of
water.
• Monitor
calcium
levels
frequently.
Hypercalcemia may
result after large
doses in chronic
renal failure. Report
abnormalities.
14
morphine
sulfate
Sulfate
Brand
Name:
Avinza,
Duramor
ph,
Kadian,
MSIR,
MS
Contin,
Oramorp
h SR,
Roxanol
100,
Roxanol,
Roxanol-
Classification:
● CNS agent,
● analgesic,
● narcotic (opiate)
agonist
Preoperative Medication:
● Use: Morphine may be
administered
preoperatively to relieve
pain and reduce anxiety
before surgical
procedures.
Severe Pain Management:
● Use: Morphine sulfate is
used to provide relief
from severe pain,
including pain from
traumatic injuries, acute
myocardial infarction, or
cancer.
Management of Acute
Myocardial Infarction (MI):
• CNS: dizziness,
euphoria,
nightmares,
sedation, seizures,
somnolence
• CV: Bradycardia,
cardiac arrest,
flushing,
hypotension,
shock
• GI: Constipation,
ileus, nausea,
vomiting
• GU: Urine
retention
• HEMATOLOGIC:
• Avoid alcohol and
other CNS
depressants while
receiving morphine.
• Do not use OTC
drug unless
approved by
physician
• Do not smoke or
ambulate without
assistance after
receiving drug.
Bedside rails are
advised
• Use caution or
avoid tasks requiring
alertness (eg.
Driving a car) until
T, RMS,
Statex
15
Nitroglyc
erin
Use: Morphine is used to
relieve pain and reduce anxiety
in patients with acute myocardial
infarction, helping to reduce
myocardial oxygen consumption
and improve overall comfort.
Classification
● Antianginal,
● vasodilator
thrombocytopenia
respiratory arrest,
respiratory
depression
• SKIN: pruritus
response to drug is
known since drug
may cause
drowsiness,
dizziness, or blurred
vision
• OTHER: physical
dependence
• Do not breast feed
while taking this
drug.
fast, slow,
pounding, or •
Inform prescriber
of all uneven heart
rate;
• blurred vision or
dry mouth;
Acute Myocardial Infarction (MI): • feeling
● Use: Nitroglycerin is used light-headed,
in the management of
nausea, vomiting,
acute myocardial
sweating, pale skin
infarction to improve
fainting; or
coronary blood flow and
• fever, sore throat,
reduce myocardial
and
oxygen demand.
blistering, peeling,
and red skin rash.
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF): • mild burning or
● Use: In acute congestive
tingling with the
heart failure, nitroglycerin tablet in your
can help reduce
mouth;
symptoms by decreasing • warmth, redness,
venous pressure and
or tingly feeling
cardiac output, which
under your skin; or
alleviates pulmonary
• feeling weak or
congestion and peripheral dizzy.
edema.
prescriptions, OTC
medications, or
herbal products you
are taking, and any
allergies you have.
Angina Pectoris:
● Use: Nitroglycerin is
commonly used to relieve
angina pectoris, which is
chest pain resulting from
myocardial ischemia.
• Do not take any
new medication
during therapy
unless approved by
prescriber. Take as
per directions.
• Do not change
brands without
consulting
prescriber.
Do not discontinue
abruptly.
headache with a
severe
• Keep medication in
original
container, tightly
closed. If anginal
chest pain is
unresolved in 15
minutes, seek
emergency medical
help at once.
16
Acetamin
ophen /
Paraceta
mol
Acetaminophen ,
Paracetamol
Classification
:
Analgesic
Pain Relief:
● Use: Paracetamol is used
to relieve mild to
moderate pain, including
headaches, muscle
aches, and postoperative
pain.
HEMATOLOGIC:
hymolytic anemia,
leucopenia,
HEPATIC: liver
damage, jaundice
METABOLIC:
Fever Reduction:
hypoglycemia
● Use: Paracetamol is used
to reduce fever in patients SKIN: rash,
with infections or other
urticuria
febrile conditions.
17
Lidocain
e
hydrochl
oride
Classification
● Local anesthetic,
● antiarrhythmic
Local Anesthesia:
● Use: Lidocaine is widely
used for local anesthesia
to provide pain relief
during various medical
procedures, including
minor surgeries, wound
repair, and dental work.
Antiarrhythmic Effect:
● Use: Lidocaine is used to
manage ventricular
arrhythmias, particularly
in cases of ventricular
tachycardia or ventricular
fibrillation, often in the
context of acute
myocardial infarction or
during resuscitation.
CNS: confusion,
depression,
euphoria, lethargy,
light-headedness,
muscle twitching,
paresthesia,
restlessness,
seizure, slurred
speech,
somnolence,
tremor
CV: bradycardia,
cardiac arrest,
hypotension
EENT: blurred or
double vision,
tinnitus
RESPIRATORY:
respiratory arrest,
status asthmaticus
Tell patient that drug
is for short term use
• Warn patient that
high doses or
unsupervised
long-term use can
cause liver damage
• Tell breast feeding
woman that drug
appears in breast
milk in levels less
than 1% of dose
• assess patient's
condition before
starting therapy and
regularly thereafter
to monitor the drug's
effectiveness
• monitor patient's
response, esp.
ECG, blood
pressure and
electrolytes
• check for
therapeutic level
• be alert for adverse
effect reactions and
drug interaction
• assess patient's
family about the
drug therapy
SKIN: diaphoresis
OTHER:
anaphylaxis, cold
sensation,
soreness at
injection
Site
18
Bumetani Diuretic
de
Management of Acute
Pulmonary Edema:
● Use: Bumetanide is used
in acute pulmonary
edema to quickly reduce
fluid buildup in the lungs,
thereby alleviating
symptoms such as
shortness of breath and
hypoxemia.
Chronic Heart Failure:
● Use: In chronic heart
failure, bumetanide helps
manage fluid overload
and reduce symptoms of
edema and ascites.
Muscle cramps,
dizziness,
hypotension,
headache,
nausea, impaired
hearing, pruritus,
ECG changes,
musculoskeletal
pain, rash, chest
discomfort, renal
failure, premature
ejaculation,
thrombocytope
nia, hypokalaemia,
hypomagnesae
mia,
hyponatraemia,
hyperuricaemia,
hyperglycaemia
History: Allergy to
bumetanide,
electrolyte depletion,
anuria, severe renal
failure, hepatic
coma, SLE, gout,
diabetes mellitus,
lactation
• Physical: Skin
color, lesions;
edema; orientation,
reflexes, hearing;
pulses, baseline
ECG, BP, orthostatic
BP, perfusion;
R, pattern,
adventitious sounds;
liver evaluation,
bowel sounds;
urinary output
patterns; CBC,
serum electrolytes
(including calcium),
blood glucose, LFTs,
renal function tests,
uric acid, urinalysis
Interventions
• Give with food or
milk to
19
Captopril
ACE inhibitor
• Antihypertens ive
Hypertension Management:
● Use: Captopril is used to
rapidly lower elevated
blood pressure in
hypertensive
emergencies or severe
hypertension.
Acute Myocardial Infarction (MI):
● Use: Captopril can be
used post-MI to improve
cardiac outcomes and
reduce the risk of left
ventricular dysfunction.
Acute Myocardial Infarction (MI):
● Use: Captopril can be
used post-MI to improve
cardiac outcomes and
reduce the risk of left
ventricular dysfunction.
20
Clonidine
antihypertensive
Hypertension Management:
● Use: Clonidine is used to
manage severe
hypertension, especially
in cases where
immediate blood pressure
control is necessary.
Sedation and Analgesia:
● Use: Clonidine is
Captopril
competitively
inhibits the
conversion of
angiotensin I (ATI)
to angiotensin lI
(ATIl), thus
resulting in
reduced ATII
levels and
aldosterone
Secretion.
It also increases
plasma renin
activity and
bradykinin levels
.
Reduction of ATIl
leads to
decreased
sodium and water
retention. By these
mechanisms,
captopril produces
a hypotensive
effect and a
beneficial effect in
congestive heart
failure.
Vomiting
• Loss of appetite
ill feeling)
* Elevated liver
enzymes (found
using a blood test)
> Weight gain
Rash
History: Allergy to
captopril, history of
angioedema,
impaired renal
function,
CHF, salt or volume
depletion,
pregnancy, lactation
• Physical: Skin
color, lesions, turgor;
T; P, BP, peripheral
perfusion; mucous
membranes, bowel
sounds, liver
evaluation;
urinalysis, LFTs,
renal function tests,
CBC and differential
1. Monitor BP
carefully when
discontinuing
clonidine;
hypertension usually
returns within
48 hr
2. Advise patient to
take drug exactly as
prescribed and not
occasionally used for
sedation and pain control,
particularly in patients
requiring sedation in the
intensive care unit (ICU)
or for procedural
sedation.
to stop abruptly
because withdrawal
symptoms and
severe hypertension
may occur.
3. Instruct patient to
consult prescriber if
dry mouth or
drowsiness
becomes a problem.
> Malaisc (a general
4. During oral
clonidine therapy. To
minimize these
effects, prescriber
may suggest taking
most of dosage at
bedtime.
5. Instruct patient to
report chest pain,
dizziness with
position changes,
excessive
drowsiness, rash,
urine retention, and
vision changes. As
needed, tell patient
to rise slowly to
avoid hypotensive
effects.