HW for Cell bio Chapter 1 and 2 (This Homework has 200 points)
1. What are the 6 model organisms for research?
Yeast, Fruit Fly, Nematode worm, mouse, western claw frog, zebrafish (10
points)
2. What are the two important characteristics of stem cells?
Are unspecialized cells capable of renewing themselves through cell
division, sometimes after long periods of inactivity
Can be induced to become tissue- or organ-specific cells with special
functions under certain physiologic or experimental conditions (10 points)
3. How are hydrogen bonds formed? Hydrogen bonds are formed between a
slightly positive charged hydrogen and a slightly negative charged atom (5 points)
4. How does water help determine the structure of molecules? (20 points)
5. What are the 4 types of large biological molecules? (10 points)
6. What are the 4 groups of amino acids based on the properties of their side chain?
(10 points)
7. What is the primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure of a protein?
What are the interactions that maintain each of the four levels of protein structure?
(40 points)
8. What is a protein domain and what are the features of a protein domain? (20
points)
9. What are the functions of the unstructured regions of a protein? (20 points)
10. How are the extracellular proteins, such as elastin and collagen, stabilized in
the extracellular space? (10 points)
11. How do hydrophobic interactions play a role in determining the shape of
proteins? (20 points)
12. When a protein is denatured, what interactions in the protein are interrupted?
When DNA is denatured, what interaction between molecules is disrupted?
Which levels of structures of a protein are destroyed when a protein is denatured?
(25 points)