Target Subject
Lesson Title
Grade Level
Competencies
Learning Objectives
Assessment/Evaluation
Lesson Outline Draft
English
Use appropriate cohesive devices in composing an
informative speech
Grade 8
The learner transfers learning by composing
and delivering an informative speech based
on a specific topic of interest keeping in mind
the proper and
effective use of parallel structures and
cohesive devices and appropriate prosodic
features, stance, and behavior.
At the end of the lesson, students will:
 Students will be able to identify
various cohesive devices (e.g.,
conjunctions, transitional phrases,
pronouns) used in informative
speeches and differentiate their
functions to enhance the logical flow
and clarity of their speeches.
 Students will demonstrate the ability
to integrate appropriate cohesive
devices into their informative
speeches to create clear, coherent,
and logically structured presentations.
 Students will develop the skills to
evaluate and revise their speeches by
assessing the use of cohesive devices,
ensuring that their ideas are
connected logically and their speech
maintains a consistent flow.
Group Activity:
 Activity: In groups, students will be
given a scrambled informative speech
and will need to use cohesive devices
to rearrange it into a coherent format.
 Criteria:
o Correctly
using
cohesive
devices to reorganize the
speech (10 points)
o Clarity and flow of the
reorganized speech (10 points)

Total: 20 points
Summative Assessment:
 Written Assignment:
o Activity: Write a 2-3 minute
informative speech on a given
topic
using
appropriate
cohesive devices.
o Criteria:
 Introduction (5 points)
 Use of cohesive devices
(10 points)
 Logical flow and clarity
(10 points)
 Conclusion (5 points)
Content Knowledge
Track Integration
Using Appropriate Cohesive Devices in
Composing an Informative Speech
Introduction to Cohesive Devices
Cohesive devices are words or phrases used to
connect ideas and ensure the smooth flow of
a speech or written text. They help to create
clarity and coherence, making it easier for the
audience to follow the speaker's line of
thought.
Types of Cohesive Devices
1. Pronouns: Use pronouns to avoid
repetition and link sentences.
o Example: "The internet is a vast
resource. It offers countless
opportunities for learning."
2. Conjunctions: Use conjunctions to
connect clauses or sentences.
o Coordinating
Conjunctions:
for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so
(FANBOYS)
o Subordinating
Conjunctions:
because, although, since,
unless
o Example: "The internet is a vast
resource, and it offers
countless opportunities for
learning."
3. Transitional Phrases: Use transitional
phrases to signal a shift or emphasize
a point.
o Examples: on the other hand,
furthermore, moreover, in
addition, therefore
o Example: "The internet offers
countless opportunities for
learning.
Moreover,
it
connects people across the
globe."
4. Adverbs and Adverbial Phrases: Use
these to modify verbs, adjectives, or
other adverbs, and to show
relationships between ideas.
o Examples:
however,
consequently, similarly, in
contrast
o Example:
"The
internet
connects people globally.
Consequently, it has become
an essential tool in modern
communication."
5. Lexical Chains: Use related words to
create a theme or topic continuity.
o Example: "The internet is a vast
resource. Online platforms like
educational websites, social
media, and discussion forums
provide
diverse
learning
opportunities."
6. Repetition and Synonyms: Use
repetition of key words or synonyms
to reinforce an idea.
o Example: "Education is crucial.
Quality education empowers
individuals and communities."
Examples of Cohesive Devices in Use
1. Beginning the Speech:
o "Good
morning everyone.
Today, I am going to talk about
the importance of internet
connectivity. First, let’s discuss
how
the
internet
has
revolutionized education."
2. Adding Information:
o "Furthermore, the internet
provides access to a wide range
of educational resources. For
instance, online courses and
tutorials are readily available."
3. Contrasting Ideas:
o "However,
despite
these
benefits, there are some
challenges associated with
internet use. For example, the
risk of misinformation is
significant."
4. Cause and Effect:
o "As a result of the widespread
use of the internet, traditional
classroom
settings
are
evolving.
Consequently,
students are able to learn at
their own pace."
5. Summarizing and Concluding:
o "In conclusion, the internet has
had a profound impact on
education. By providing access
to information and fostering
communication, it has become
an indispensable tool for
learning."
Practice and Application
 Exercise 1: Identify and underline the
cohesive devices in the following
paragraph: "The internet is a powerful
tool for education. It offers numerous
resources, such as online courses and
e-books. Additionally, it allows
students to connect with peers and
educators worldwide. However, it also
presents challenges, including the
potential
for
distraction
and
misinformation. Therefore, it is
essential to use the internet wisely and
responsibly."

Pedagogical Knowledge
Exercise 2: Write a short informative
paragraph on a topic of your choice,
using at least five different cohesive
devices.
Understanding Cohesive Devices
 Definition: Teach students that
cohesive devices are words or phrases
used to connect ideas and ensure that
a speech flows logically. Examples
include conjunctions (and, but, or),
pronouns (he, she, it), and transitional
phrases (for example, in conclusion,
therefore).
 Types of Cohesive Devices:
o Additive (and, furthermore,
moreover)
o Adversative (but, however, on
the other hand)
o Causal (because, therefore,
so)
o Temporal (then, next, finally)
2. Importance in Informative Speeches
 Clarity: Cohesive devices help in
making the speech clear and
understandable.
 Flow: They ensure that the speech
flows smoothly from one point to the
next.
 Engagement: Proper use keeps the
audience engaged by maintaining a
logical sequence.
3. Teaching Strategies
a. Explicit Instruction:
 Direct Explanation: Start by explaining
what cohesive devices are and their
role in writing and speaking.
 Examples: Provide examples of
sentences with and without cohesive
devices to highlight their importance.
 Identification Exercises: Give students
texts and ask them to identify and
categorize cohesive devices.
b. Modeling:

Teacher Demonstration: Model the
use of cohesive devices in an
informative speech. Show how to
integrate them naturally.
 Think
Aloud: Demonstrate the
thought process of adding cohesive
devices while composing a speech.
c. Guided Practice:
 Group Activities: Have students work
in groups to compose short
paragraphs or speeches using cohesive
devices.
 Peer Review: Encourage students to
review each other's work focusing on
the use of cohesive devices.
d. Independent Practice:
 Speech Composition: Assign students
to write an informative speech on a
given topic, ensuring they use a variety
of cohesive devices.
 Presentations: Have students present
their speeches, focusing on the
effective use of cohesive devices.
e. Feedback and Reflection:
 Constructive
Feedback:
Provide
feedback on students' use of cohesive
devices in their speeches.
 Self-Reflection: Ask students to reflect
on how cohesive devices helped
improve their speech's clarity and
flow.
Technological Knowledge
Understanding Cohesive Devices
Cohesive devices are tools used to connect
sentences and paragraphs smoothly, making
the text more understandable and fluid. They
help in linking ideas, showing relationships,
and guiding the audience through the speech.
Common cohesive devices include:
 Transitional Words and Phrases:
These words or phrases show the
relationship between ideas or
sections. Examples include "however,"


TPACK All-In Integration
"therefore,"
"moreover,"
"for
instance," and "on the other hand."
Pronouns: Using pronouns like "he,"
"she," "it," "they," and "this" can help
avoid repetition and link back to
previously mentioned concepts.
Conjunctions: Words like "and," "but,"
"or," "because," and "although"
connect clauses and ideas within
sentences.
TTPACK All-In Integration for Cohesive
Devices in Informative Speech
Technological Knowledge (TK)
1. Presentation Software: Utilize tools
like Microsoft PowerPoint or Google
Slides to demonstrate examples of
cohesive devices in speech slides.
Highlight how these devices create
logical flow in presentations.
2. Online Resources: Incorporate online
platforms
(e.g.,
Grammarly,
Hemingway Editor) to show real-time
suggestions for improving cohesion in
written drafts.
3. Multimedia Tools: Use videos or
interactive web applications that
illustrate effective and ineffective uses
of cohesive devices in speeches.
Pedagogical Knowledge (PK)
1. Instructional Strategies: Implement
various teaching methods such as
direct
instruction,
collaborative
learning, and practice exercises. Use
real-life examples and peer feedback
to reinforce the understanding of
cohesive devices.
2. Formative Assessment: Conduct
quizzes or short assignments where
students identify and correct cohesion
issues in sample speeches. Offer
immediate feedback to guide
improvements.
3. Scaffolding: Provide step-by-step
guidance on how to incorporate
cohesive devices into speech writing.
Start with simple concepts and
gradually introduce more complex
devices.
Content Knowledge (CK)
1. Cohesive Devices: Teach specific types
of cohesive devices such as:
 Conjunctions: for adding
information (e.g., and, but,
or)
 Pronouns: for referring to
previously
mentioned
ideas (e.g., he, she, it)
 Transition Words/Phrases:
for linking ideas (e.g.,
furthermore,
however,
therefore)
 Repetition: for reinforcing
key points
2. Speech Structure: Explain how
cohesive devices contribute to the
organization of informative speeches,
including the introduction, body, and
conclusion.
Integration (All-In Approach)
1. Lesson Plan:
 Introduction: Start with a
brief overview of cohesive
devices
and
their
importance in creating
clear, logical speeches.
 Activity: Use presentation
software to showcase a
sample speech with and
without cohesive devices.
Have students identify and
discuss the differences.
 Interactive Practice: Assign
students to create their
own speeches using a given
set of cohesive devices. Use
o
multimedia
tools
to
provide
immediate
feedback on their use.
Review and Reflect: Conduct a
class discussion or reflection
activity on how cohesive
devices
improved
their
speeches. Utilize formative
assessments
to
gauge
understanding and provide
feedback.
Performance Task
Task
Compose an informative speech that effectively uses cohesive devices.
Task
Target
Students will create a clear, well-organized informative speech that
demonstrates the appropriate use of cohesive devices (e.g., conjunctions,
transitions, and reference words).
Procedure
1. Discuss the importance of cohesive devices in writing.
2. Instruction: Review examples of cohesive devices and their functions.
3. Activity: Have students write an informative speech on a given topic using at
least five cohesive devices.
4. Peer Review: Exchange speeches for feedback focusing on the use of cohesive
devices.
5. Revision: Revise speeches based on feedback.
6. Presentation: Students present their speeches to the class.
TPACK
Technological: Utilize speech-writing software or tools for drafting and editing.
Integration Pedagogical: Use peer review and revisions to improve writing skills.
Content: Focus on the proper use of cohesive devices to enhance speech clarity
and coherence.
Scoring
Rubric
Criteria:
Use of Cohesive Devices (30 points): Effective and varied use of cohesive devices.
Organization (25 points): Clear structure and logical flow of information.
Clarity and Precision (20 points): Clear and precise communication of
information.
Engagement (15 points): Ability to engage and maintain the audience's interest.
Presentation Skills (10 points): Effective delivery and use of speech techniques.
For K-12 file:///C:/Users/pc/Downloads/English-CG.pdf
curriculum
reference
Note