6th Grade
Cancer Cells
MCSC 102- LP- Unit 2
Review of Cell
Cycle
The cell cycle represents the life cycle of a cell.
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The cell cycle has three main stages:
(1) INTERPHASE
(a) G1: cell grows, organelles double in
number; cell does its job
(b) S (DNA synthesis) DNA is copied
(c) G2 : More growth;
(2) Mitosis: division of the cell’s DNA
(3) Cytokinesis (cell divides into 2 cells)
Why do cells divide?
1.
They become too large
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The volume of the cell increases faster than the surface area
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Cells need large surface area (cell membranes) to move things in and out
2.
To make more cells so the organism can grow
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Example: a growing baby needs more skin cells!
3.
To replace old, worn out cells
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Cells reproduce at different times depending on their jobs.
Some cells do not divide in adults:
 Brain cells
 Nerve cells
 Muscle cells
Stem Cells are the focus of much research to find ways to create new cells of
these types. Stem cells are cells that can produce or become any type of cell.
The goal of mitosis/cytokinesis is to make 2
identical daughter cells.
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The number of chromosomes in a mitotic cell
is double the number in a sperm or egg cell
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This is called the diploid number & is
abbreviated 2n
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One mitotic 2n mother cell produces 2 identical
daughter cells which are also diploid or 2n
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To remain healthy, mitosis must be
controlled.
What are some different kinds of cancer?
How are Normal and Cancer Cell Division Different?
How are normal and cancer growth different?
Normal Growth
Dead cells
shed from
outer surface
Epidermis
Cell migration
Dividing cells in
basal layer
Dermis
The Beginning of
Cancerous Growth
Underlying tissue
TUMORS
(NEOPLASMS)
Underlying tissue
Invasion
Cancer cells grow into
surrounding tissues and blood
vessels
Metastasis
Cancer cells are transported by the
circulatory system to distant sites
Cancer cells reinvade and
grow at new location
In cancer, mitosis is uncontrolled.
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Cancer cells divide constantly and form clumps called tumors.
– Benign tumors: remain clumped; can be removed.
– Malignant tumors: break apart (metastasize) and can form tumors in other
parts of the body.
Benign (not cancer) tumor cells grow
only locally and cannot spread by invasion
or metastasis
Time
Malignant (cancer) cells invade neighboring
tissues, enter blood vessels, and
metastasize to different sites
What increases peoples’ risk of cancer?
Some Viruses Associated with Human Cancers
Bacteria and Stomach Cancer
Inherited Conditions That Increase Risk for Cancer
How do you know if you have genes that make getting cancer more likely?
What happens to genes to cause cancer?
DNA
Mutations
How do
mutations in
oncogenes
lead to cancer?
How do mutations in oncogenes
lead to cancer?
How do mutations in tumor suppressor genes lead to cancer?
How do mutations in tumor suppressor genes lead to cancer?
How do mutations in DNA Repair Genes cause cancer?
What other kinds of mutations can lead to cancer?
Genes Implicated in Cancer
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Cancerous cells do not carry out normal functions.
Cancerous cells come from normal cells with damage to
DNA.
Carcinogens are substances known to promote cancer.
Standard cancer treatments typically kill both cancerous
and healthy cells. (Radiation & chemotherapy)
People who have sunburns have an increased risk of
cancer: Too much sun exposure can cause cancer due to
radiation exposure from the sun which alters your DNA in a
harmful way
UV light from the sun can alter DNA in a harmful way
Carcinogenic
radiation
Cancer viruses or
bacteria
Carcinogenic
chemicals
Some Carcinogens in the Home and Workplace
Thanks!
Do you have any
questions?
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