SharpChart Charts & Tools Articles StockCharts TV ChartSchool Go Enter Symbol or Name Log In Your Dashboard Store WYCKOFF POWER CHARTING The Illustrated Wyckoff DECEMBER 11, 2015 AT 11:06 AM Bruce Fraser In a continuation of our discussion of the overarching principles of the Wyckoff ALL BLOGS ON STOCKCHARTS Method, let’s do a visual case study. There are three principle Laws that compose Wyckoff Power Charting the Wyckoff Method*: FOLLOW THIS BLOG The Law of Supply and Demand Subscribe to Wyckoff Power Charting for email notifications whenever a new article is posted The Law of Cause and Effect The Law of Effort and Result Your Email We become master Wyckoffians by developing visual knowledge of these principle Submit laws in our chart reading. This becomes the foundation of the skill Mr. Wyckoff called ‘Tape Reading’. Through our POPULAR ARTICLES innate understanding of these laws we raise our awareness of the reasons stock prices move in the ways that they do. And we become better and better at selecting the best candidates for speculative campaigns. Endless repetition The Chart to Help Navigate a Summer Market Top assists us on the mastery path. David Keller Here we will illustrate the concepts introduced in the prior post. It will help to have The Laws of Wyckoff at the Pre-Earnings Moves Are Underway And History Provides Us GREAT Clues To Find Them! ready for reference (click here for link). In the Wyckoff Method every process has a reason for being. Everything included in the Methodology conforms to Tom Bowley these three laws. Mastery is the product of becoming ever more skilled at identifying the Laws and their nuances at work. You are encouraged to go back through the prior posts and apply these Laws to the chart work. We will do An Awesome Breakthrough in S&P 500 and Nasdaq: Will the Momentum Continue? some of that here, by revisiting a prior AAPL example and illustrating the Laws and the essential principles at work (click here to link to another AAPL chart). Jayanthi Gopalakrishnan Silver's AI Boom: The Next Big Trade You Need to Know About Karl Montevirgen When Will the Stock Market's Bullish Momentum Snap? Charts You Need to Watch Jayanthi Gopalakrishnan NVDA & Mag 7 Breaking Down; Russell 2000 (IWM) and Retail (IYT) Get "Silver Cross" BUY Signals Erin Swenlin, Carl Swenlin (click on chart for active version) When Supply exceeds Demand, price falls as the decline in the red box demonstrates. Stock is in weak hands. Supply equals Demand during the sideways trading within the yellow box. Wyckoffians seek to identify the footprints of the Composite Operator (C.O.) during this trendless trading. The C.O. will use this trendless period to Accumulate (as illustrated here) or Distribute a position. Absorption is the activity of building a stock position, and thus removing stock from the marketplace. Accumulation is occurring. When Absorption is effectively complete all that is required to unbalance the Supply / Demand relationship is the slightest increase of new buyers. Supply is low and Demand is on the increase. Even a slight increase in buying can spark a new uptrend as the price action in the blue box illustrates. Imbalance of Supply and Demand creates the potential for large trends that can go on for multiple years. Effort and Result has to do with the interplay of volume and price. AAPL is a particularly rich case study. Note volume expanding as price marks down. The volatility of the price bars and the rate of decline is increasing. The Effort of volume and Result of price are harmonious. Note how the highest volume week of decline is only marginally down (and the weekly range narrows from the prior week). This is inharmonious action of price and volume. Effort (volume) without a commensurate Result (price) is another way to say it. There is a three week dive to a new low in November 2008. Each week is on high volume and note that the spread of each bar is less than into the climax low in October. It can be seen that the November low is below the October low, but price is decelerating. This is inharmonious downward action. Effort in volume is not Resulting in dramatically in lower prices, again this is inharmonious. This is early evidence of stopping action of the large downtrend. Turning to the uptrend, notice the volume signature, the effort being applied to prices. During the jump out of the Accumulation range, the price bars are wide and closing near the high of the weekly range. The Effort of volume is actually declining with each weeks advance. This seems to defy the market wisdom that price should rise on expanding volume. The Wyckoffian perspective is that most of AAPL stock has been absorbed by strong hands by the end of the Accumulation. Therefore it will not take much demand to put prices up, because there is very little stock for sale. This is a large Result with modest Effort which is considered bullish early in a new bull market. As a contrast, note the volume in May of 2009 as the price rallies into a five week pause. The volume (Effort) is higher each week and the spread of price is compressing, which is evidence of selling. This is an inharmonious action of Effort without a comparable Result. As the uptrend resumes, volume remains steady and does not spike as prices grind higher. Effort and Result is a concept that is applicable to monthly, weekly, daily and intraday charts. It is difficult to master but well worth the effort to learn. Point and Figure charts provide a tool for estimating the Cause that has been built during an Accumulation (and also for Distribution). By counting the columns in the Accumulation, a calculation can estimate how much of a Cause there is. This Cause, or count, is projected upward to estimate an Effect, or price objective. In the above example AAPL has built a count that projects to $50. Mr. Wyckoff was a big proponent of employing PnF charts for estimating price objectives. PnF charting and counting is an elegant and obscure tool that addresses the law of Cause and Effect. All the Best, Bruce *Source: Hank Pruden, 'The Three Skills of Top Trading', Wiley Publ. 2007 with adaptations and modifications. ABOUT THE AUTHOR: Bruce Fraser, an industry-leading "Wyckoffian," began teaching graduate-level courses at Golden Gate University (GGU) in 1987. Working closely with the late Dr. Henry (“Hank”) Pruden, he developed curriculum for and taught many courses in GGU’s Technical Market Analysis Graduate Certificate Program, including Technical Analysis of Securities, Strategy and Implementation, Business Cycle Analysis and the Wyckoff Method. For nearly three decades, he co-taught Wyckoff Method courses with Dr. Learn More Blog Archives PREVIOUS ARTICLE NEXT ARTICLE Expert market commentary delivered right to your inbox, for free. Enter Your Email Sign Up Sign up for our weekly ChartWatchers Newsletter Learn More ON STOCKCHARTS MEMBERS HELP COMPANY Charts & Tools Your Dashboard Support Center About Us Articles Your ChartLists FAQs What's New StockCharts TV Advanced Scans Contact Us Careers ChartSchool Technical Alerts Symbol Catalog StockCharts Store Pricing © StockCharts.com, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Service Privacy Statement Market data provided by Xignite, Inc. 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