Lea n ”ng Object”ves
r
The learners shouId be aŁIe to:
1.explain coupled reaction processes and
describe the role of ATP in energy coupling and
transfer (STEP BIO11/12- IIa•j•1).
2.desc ribe the major features and chemicai
events in photosynthesis (STEP BIO11/1 2-Ila-J2).
3.explain the importance of chlorophyll and other
pigments (STEP BIO11/1 2•IIa-J-3).
4. describe the patterns of electron flow
hŁOLtğhlìghc reac tion events
STEM B 011 12-Ila-j -4).
5. describe the significant events of the
Calvin Cycle (STEM_B 011 12- la-j -5).
Actìvity: ROìe of chlorophyll in
photos ynthesis
FxI rac tï on of chIorophyl I
•
variega ted lea f was cofleeted
•
p aced n test tube w rh 70 erhy alcohol
•
box ed TÚ d Wire barh un t
•
•
the teaf was nsed w th wa Łer
t s ready for the test of p esence of sra ch using a
rhe eat became pale
d op(s ) of iod ne sotution.
•
a h ue black co or ndïcares the presence of srarch.
1.Why do we have to use alcohol in the
removal of chlorophyll?
2.Which portion of the leaves turn blue-
black* What does it indicates?
3.Why ïs it that some portion of the leaves
are not green?
4.What is the maïn function of the
chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
ATP-ADP Cycle
Organisms are classìfìed accordìng to their
energy source
These are the:
AUTOTROPHS
HETEROTROPHS
Heterotrophs
organi sms not capable
of mak ng they r ow n
food
they are consumers of
the biosph ere
they must eaI plan ts, or
other ant mals who eat
plan ts to acquire
ndirec tly the energy
from the sun
Consumers
9CODd6Ç
COI4SMITI9ŁS
Prmag
t0ûSufßPf
100 kcal
oa»<ers
What is the energy currency of the
cells of autotrophs and heterotrophs?
Adenosine Triphosphate
AOENINE
The common energy
currency of cells.
With one bie
molecu Ie thai is
made of 5 smaller
molecules bonded
together.
3PHDGPHAïS GROUPS
G -—H
H—
e—o-e-e—e-o
n
" I
Aden as ne
n' ’
H
0
T •phowphate
Key concepts of ATP/ADP Cycle
1. ATP contains › ORE energy than ADP because it
has mo e bonds.
2. When a phosphate is REMOVED energy is
RELEASED.
3. When a phosphate is ADDED energy is NEEDED.
ATP-ADPCycle: Carbohydrates
Energy. up to 36 ATP
molecules (1 glucose)
Details:
• Cost commonly
broken down to
make ATP
• Not stored in large
amounts
ATP-ADP Cycle: Fats/Lipids
ATP-ADP Cycle: Proteins
Carbohydrates
4 calories per mg
Lipid
9 calories per mg
Protein
4 calories per mg
Learning Check
1. Where does plants get energy to produce its
own food?
2. Consumers are also termed as
.
3. When does ATP release its stored energy?
4. What molecule wiII be formed if 1 molecule of
phosphate wi II be released?
5. Which of the biomolecules possessed greater
amount of energy?
Answer
1. Sun
2.Heterotrophs
3.When 1 of the phosphorus is broken and
released
4. ADP
5. Lipids/Fats
PHOTOSYNTHESIS
r°‹
What are the requirements for
photosynthesis to take place?
1.inorganic molecules (carbon dioxide
and water)
2.Light energy
3.Chlorophyll inside the chloroplast
envíronmen t.
CAloroplast 1s composed of:
1.0 uter membran e
2. inner memb ane
3. Stroma that contains small
ci reular DNA and ri bosomes; its tfie
area for dark reaction.
d.Thylakoids are pJled into granum
• The membrane of thylakoi d
consist of reacts on centers,
electron acceptors and
enzymes needed for IIght
reaction
łs the ma in photos ynthetic pigment
Is a n a cce s so ry pipm e nt
When a pigment absorbs light
It goes from a ground state to an excited state,
which is unstable
ChIoroplast: Photosyn thusis overview
"
How ìs ATP foi red?
EIec tr on and proton tran sport form a proton mot ve force
PMF Ts used to make AMP
Where are protons p oduced î
1. SpI ttJng of water
2. PQ air dat on
Light-dependent RîP synthesis; PHOTOPHOSPHORYUS ION
Peter Y\t he I, 19¢o, photophosphorylat\on works via
che miosmot c mec ha n sm
Light and Carbon reactions of Photosynthesis
i
AppI ca tìon of Photo synŁhesÌs.
using flo escent bulb
•Farmin
Thank you. Have a green day.
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• Oaœpie and Reece. 2009. 8 ology 7 ed.