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GVRP

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8.1. Общие сведения о GVRP
GVRP (Genecic VLAN Registration Protocol) является одним из
приложений GARP (Generic Attribute Registration Protocol, Протокол
регистрации общих аттрибутов). GARP был разработан IEEE для
использования в сетевых мостах, сетевых коммутаторах, или других
аналогичных устройствах с возможностью регистрации и перерегистрации
специальных атрибутов, таких как идентификаторы VLAN и членство в
мультикастовых группах в больших локальных сетях. GVRP приложение GARP, которое отвечает за обмен информацией о VLAN и
позволяет коммутаторам регистрировать VLAN динамически. Рассмотрим
пример на рисунке:
Рисунок 26.1 - типовое применение GVRP
В сети 2 уровня коммутаторы A и G не подключены друг к другу напрямую.
Коммутаторы B,C,D,E,F выступают в роли промежуточных коммутаторов,
соединяющий A и G. На коммутаторах A и G вручную настроены VLAN1001000, в то время как на коммутаторах B,C,D,E,F VLAN не настроены.
Пока GVRP не включен A и G не имеют связности друг с другом, поскольку
промежуточные коммутаторы не имеют соответствующих VLAN. Однако
после включения GVRP на всех коммутаторах его механизм передачи
атрибутов VLAN позволяет промежуточным коммутаторам динамически
регистрировать VLAN и у коммутаторов A и G появится связность
в VLAN100-1000. VLAN, динамически зарегистрированные на
промежуточных коммутаторах, будут удалены, если VLAN100-1000 будут
удалены с коммутаторов A и G вручную.
Таким образом, несмежные коммутаторы, находясь в одной и той
же VLAN могут установить связность друг с другом через GVRP, вместо
ручной настройки VLAN на каждом из промежуточных коммутаторов.
8.2. Конфигурация GVRP
1. Настройка таймеров GVRP
2. Настройка GVRP на интерфейсе
3. Включение функции GVRP
1. Настройка таймеров GVRP
Команда
garp timer join <200-500>
garp timer leave <500-1200>
Описание
Настройка таймера для отправки GVRP-сообще
leaveall, join, и leave.
garp timer leaveall <5000-60000>
no garp timer (join | leave |
leaveAll)
! В режиме глобальной
конфигурации
2. Настройка GVRP на интерфейсе
Команда
Описание
Включение\выключение функции GVRP на
gvrp
интерфейсе
no gvrp
! В режиме конфигурации
порта
3. Включение функции GVRP
Команда
Описание
Включение\выключение функции GVRP
gvrp
глобально
no gvrp
! В режиме глобальной
конфигурации
8.3. Пример конфигурации GVRP
Рисунок 26.2 - Пример конфигурации GVRP
Для получения информации динамической регистрации VLAN и её
обновления на коммутаторах должен быть сконфигурирован протокол GVRP.
Настроенный протокол GVRP на коммутаторах Switch А, Switch В и Switch
С позволяет динамически сконфигурировать VLAN100 на
коммутаторе Switch В а двум ПК, подключенным к VLAN100 на
коммутаторах Switch А и Switch С, связаться между собой без статического
конфигурирования VLAN100 на коммутаторе Switch В.
Объект
Описание конфигурации
VLAN100
Порты Ethernet1/0/2-6 на коммутаторах Switch A и Switch С
Режим Trunk
Порт Ethernet1/0/11 на Switch A и Switch С, порт Ethernet1/0/10 и 1/
коммутаторе Switch B.
Функция
Коммутаторы Switch A, Switch B и Switch C
GVRP
Порт GVRP
Порт Ethernet1/0/11 на Switch A и Switch С, порт Ethernet1/0/10 и 1/
коммутаторе Switch B.
Две рабочих станции (PC) подключены к любым портам
коммутаторов Switch A и Switch B, в которые назначен VLAN100. Порт
1/0/11 Switch A подключен к порту 1/0/10 Switch B, а порт 1/0/11 Switch
B подключен к порту 1/0/11 Switch A.
Switch A:
Switch (config)#gvrp
Switch (config)#vlan 100
Switch (Config-Vlan100)#switchport interface ethernet 1/0/2-6
Switch (Config-Vlan100)#exit
Switch (config)#interface ethernet 1/0/11
Switch (Config-If-Ethernet1/0/11)#switchport mode trunk
Switch (Config-If-Ethernet1/0/11)#gvrp
Switch (Config-If-Ethernet1/0/11)#exit
Switch B:
Switch(config)#gvrp
Switch(config)#interface ethernet 1/0/10
Switch(Config-If-Ethernet1/0/10)#switchport mode trunk
Switch(Config-If-Ethernet1/0/10)#gvrp
Switch(Config-If-Ethernet1/0/10)#exit
Switch (config)#interface ethernet 1/0/11
Switch (Config-If-Ethernet1/0/11)#switchport mode trunk
Switch (Config-If-Ethernet1/0/11)#gvrp
Switch (Config-If-Ethernet1/0/11)#exit
Switch C:
Switch (config)#gvrp
Switch (config)#vlan 100
Switch (Config-Vlan100)#switchport interface ethernet 1/0/2-6
Switch (Config-Vlan100)#exit
Switch (config)#interface ethernet 1/0/11
Switch (Config-If-Ethernet1/0/11)#switchport mode trunk
Switch (Config-If-Ethernet1/0/11)#gvrp
Switch (Config-If-Ethernet1/0/11)#exit
8.4. Решение проблем с конфигурацией GVRP

Рекомендуется избегать использования
функций GVRP и RSTP одновременно на коммутаторе. Если необходимо
включить GVRP, сначала необходимо отключить функцию RSTP для
портов.

Таймеры GARP на обоих концах сети должны быть одинаковы,
иначе GVRP не сможет работать нормально.
GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration
Protocol or Generic VLAN
Registration Protocol)
What is GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration Protocol or
Generic VLAN Registration Protocol)?
GVRP (GARP VLAN Registration Protocol or Generic VLAN Registration
Protocol) is a standards-based protocol that facilitates control of virtual local
area networks (VLANs) within a larger network. GVRP conforms to the
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.1Q specification,
which defines a method of tagging frames with VLAN configuration data over
network trunk interconnects. This enables network devices to dynamically
exchange VLAN configuration information with other devices.
GVRP is based on Generic Attribute Registration Protocol (GARP)
and IEEE 802.1r, which defines procedures for end stations and switches in a
VLAN to register and deregister attributes, such as identifiers or addresses,
with each other. It provides every end station and switch with a current record
of all the other end stations and switches that can be reached on the network.
GVRP is similar to GARP, as both eliminate unnecessary network traffic by
preventing attempts to transmit information to unregistered users. In addition,
it is necessary to manually configure only one switch with all the other
switches then being updated automatically.
Becoming part of a formal IEEE 802.1ak standard amendment in 2007,
Multiple VLAN Registration Protocol replaced GVRP, as it was found to be
prone to performance issues that could potentially cause prolonged network
convergence. This delay was found to create bandwidth degradation on the
network at the point where the delayed convergence appeared. Technically,
GVRP is still included as part of the IEEE standard, as the amendment did not
completely remove it. It is expected to be removed in the future, but until that
happens, GVRP is still being used.
Why use GVRP?
On large networks that consist of dozens or even hundreds of VLAN
segments, GVRP can be used to keep VLAN configurations on trunk
interfaces organized across the network. There are three benefits for
administrators that enable GVRP on a network:
1. It enables switches to automatically delete unused VLANs so that only the
VLANs that are in use are transported across 802.1Q trunk links.
2. It enables admins to configure a new VLAN on one switch and then have it
propagate the configuration across all network switches participating in the
GVRP process.
3. GVRP can eliminate some unnecessary broadcast traffic on the network,
reducing bandwidth overhead used for network management.
How does GVRP work?
Two or more switches in a network that are connected via 802.1Q trunk ports
with GVRP enabled will begin communicating both statically and
dynamically with VLAN information. Switches with statically configured VLANs
will advertise them to connected switches using GVRP data units. Those units
are specifically designed management packets used to share VLAN
information. If a switch learns of a new VLAN from its neighbor, this VLAN is
added to the list of VLAN tags that can be transported across the link. The
VLAN that learned the new information can then pass along its own statically
configured VLANs, in addition to ones learned from its neighbor. The caveat is
that the switch cannot send dynamically learned VLAN information out the
same interface that it was learned on. This is a loop avoidance technique.
All the dynamically learned VLAN information is stored in switch memory. So,
if power is lost or the switch is rebooted, the dynamically learned VLAN info is
lost, and the VLANs are pruned from the trunk interface. But, once the
switches begin communicating again, they will relearn the shared VLAN
information to bring the network and all VLANs back into a fully informed
state.
How do I enable GVRP?
While the exact processes and syntax for enabling GVRP on a compatible
switch vary from one vendor and switch model to the next, there are some
similarities when it comes to enabling the use of GVRP:

GVRP can be enabled or disabled globally on the switch.

If GVRP is enabled, each individual switch port that is set up as an 802.1Q
trunk can then be set to one of the following modes:
o
GVRP-enabled. This mode enables GVRP on the trunk interface and
passes both static and dynamically learned VLAN information to
connected switches that are also in an enabled mode.
o
GVRP-disabled. This mode disables the use of GVRP on the port, and
a switch ignores any GVRP communications from connected switches
on this interface.
o
Block GVRP registration. This mode will unlearn or discard all
previously learned dynamic VLANs and prevent VLAN creation or VLAN
registration on the trunk port.
What is an example of GVRP?
The following example shows that distribution switch A is connected to two
access switches labeled B and C. The access switches are connected to the
distribution switch by an 802.1Q trunk with GVRP enabled globally and on the
trunk interface.
The following GVRP example shows that distribution switch A is connected to two access
switches labeled B and C.
For example, say that an admin logs in to switch A and statically configures
VLAN 101 and 201. Once these VLANs are properly configured, GVRP
packets are sent to switches B and C containing information about the new
VLANs. These two access switches then add VLAN 101 and 201 to their table
of statically and dynamically learned VLANs, placing both in the dynamically
learned section.
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