Trends, Network, and Critical Thinking in the 21st Century –12
I. Most Essential Learning Competency
Explain the concrete effects of globalization and to one’s daily life.
(MCT 12- 1f- g -2)
II. Overview
Globalization in the 21st century led to the emergence of a borderless society. It
has provided intensified access for everyone not just to information but to everything
so easily. This module shall present to you the basic information about globalization
and the effects of the increased interconnectedness of people and countries.
So, what is globalization? Why do we need to study this concept? How does it
affect our lives? Is it beneficial or disadvantageous? These questions are sought to be
addressed and explained as we go along the lesson.
DEFINITIONS OF GLOBALIZATION
Globalization is defined in a variety of ways depending on the circumstances.
In general, it refers to the opening of local and nationalistic perspectives to a broader
outlook of an interconnected and inter-dependent world with the free flow of capital,
goods, and services across national frontiers. This can be interpreted as meaning
the integration of world politics, economies, and cultures from one country or
countries upon another country or countries. This integration also includes and is not
limited to countries' political, cultural, educational, and perhaps religious views. In
practical terms it can also refer to the relinquishing of any trade barriers or tariffs that
results in uninhibited economic development across all countries. Globalization in
this context often refers to the idea that instead of having many different markets, all
the world is one gigantic market. https://bit.ly/2PHd39V
Globalization is an interconnected web of social, economic, political, cultural,
and technological processes. However, this definition is extremely broad, and the
number of connotations and views on globalization is nearly endless. Globalization
can also be thought of as a flow of people, capital, goods, and ideas. By examining
each of these aspects and angles of this encompassing concept, a more complete
analysis can be made, and similar traits of globalization will emerge
As a flow of ideas, globalization can be viewed as a synonym for
Westernization. The ideals of democracy and equality which the United States was
founded upon, are spreading across the globe. These values are beginning to be
seen as favorable in comparison to other forms of rule in other parts of the
world. However, some groups, such as radical Islamists, are potent ideological
challengers to market globalism who see Westernization as global and national factors
which undermine their faith and society. Thus, they fight against the potential threat
of homogenization of their culture.
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Globalization is a flow of people because of migration. While people have been
migrating since the time of hunters and gatherers, travel has become increasingly
easier because of technology. Some move for work; others for safety; still others for
a change of atmosphere and scenery. However, the flow of people also influences a
spread of ideas, goods, and even capital as well.
Globalization is also a flow of goods and thus capital. Free trade has been one
of the goals of the organizations such as the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
or GATT. With each of the definitions we have provided, all these definitions agree
upon two main details of globalization; that trade is being expanded in support of more
free markets with less regulation, and that technologies and ideas are being more
rapidly spread due to these new open markets. However, contemporary social
theorists added the notion of globalization being a form of Westernization, and that
Western ideals are being spread to the cultural and political life of other countries. The
IMF’s definition didn’t bring up Westernization as being synonym for globalization,
which should not come as surprise because the IMF supports indebted countries to
increase global free trade, so using a term Westernization could undermine their
efforts and reputation. These are only a few of the many different definitions of
globalization. It is impossible to precisely define what just globalization is, and the
definitions of today can be different from the definitions of the future, as globalization
changes as the world changes.
(https://globalisms.wordpress.com/what-is-globalization/)
TYPES OF GLOBALIZATION:
Political Globalization
Political Globalization refers to the amount of political co-operation that exists
between different countries. This ties in with the belief that umbrella global
organizations are better placed than individual states to prevent conflict. The League
of Nations established after WWI was certainly one of the pioneers in this. Since then,
global organizations such as the World Trade Organization (WTO), United Nations
(UN), and more regional organizations such as EU have helped to increase the degree
of political globalization.
Social Globalization
Social globalization refers to the sharing of ideas and information between and
through different countries. In today’s world, the internet and social media is at the
heart of this. Good examples of social globalization could include internationally
popular films, books, and TV series. The Harry Potter/ Twilight films and books have
been successful all over the world, making the characters featured globally
recognizable. However, this cultural flow tends to flow from the center (i.e., from
developed countries such as the USA to less developed countries). Social
globalization is often criticized for eroding cultural differences.
Economic Globalization
Economic globalization refers to the interconnectedness of economies through
trade and exchange of resources.
Effectively, therefore, no national economy really operates in isolation, which
means national economies influence each other. This is clearly evidenced by global
recession from 2007 onwards. Economic globalization also means that there is a twoway structure for technology and resources. For example, countries like the USA will
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sell technologies to countries which lack these, and natural resources from developing
countries are sold to the developed countries that need them.
(https://www.tutor2u.net/politics/reference/types-of-globalisation)
EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION
Globalization has both its positive and negative effects. On an individual level,
globalization affects both the standards of life and the quality of life. On business level,
globalization affects an organization’s product life cycle and an organization’s balance
sheet. Globalization also affects how government throughout the world create policies
affecting areas such as monetary regulation and trade.
On an individual level, globalization has affected the standards of life and the
quality of life of individuals and families throughout the world. Standard of living is the
level of wealth, comfort, material goods, and necessities available to certain
socioeconomic class in a certain geographic area. Quality of life is the degree to which
a person enjoys the important possibilities of his or her life. In many instances, quality
of life has improved for those who live in developing nations. For many developing
nations, globalization has led an improvement in standard of living through improved
roads and transportation, improved health care and improved education to the global
expansions of corporations. However, globalization has a negative effect on
individuals who live in developed nations. This is due the fact that corporations now
have the options of establishing manufacturing operations in nations where
manufacturing and production cost is less expensive. As a result, many manufacturing
jobs leave nations and move to developing nations.
For instance, look at globalization based on the Philippine’s perspective.
Apparently, globalization has been very effective in the country. There have been
many major changes in the economy since 1995 when the Philippines took part in
signing agreements with World Trade Organization. There have been massive
changes in the country such as more labor and more companies that have emerged
to help the economy. Globalization has been rapidly developing in the Philippines ever
since the influence of the United States during World War II.
Since the development of globalization in the Philippines, there have been
many advantages that have occurred because of it. These things are beneficial
because they help the economy grow. Some of the advantages of globalization are:
• High levels of education
• Export-oriented agricultural sector that has generated more than
sufficient foreign exchange.
• Because of the industrial sector growth, the Philippines has one
of the highest per capita incomes in Southeast Asia.
Along with the advantages, there are also disadvantages of globalization in the
Philippines. There are over 80 million people that live in the Philippines and 60% of
that population live in poverty. The economy is doing well, but it is not at par with other
countries. Some of the noted disadvantages are:
• Not many jobs
• Hunger and suffering among lower class
• The economy is majority agricultural, so if something happens
where crops cannot be grown and produced, the economy might
suffer.
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III.
Learning Activities
Practice Task 1
1. Below you can find three pictures that will help you understand the
concept of globalization.
2. Identify which picture is related to political, social, or economic
globalization. Label each picture.
3. Under each picture, think of at least 8 words or phrases that will describe
it and write down your answer on the space provided to complete your
concept map. After this, write your own definition of the word
globalization. Do this in your notebook.
https://bit.ly/2CfTTEU
https://bit.ly/3afBjcB
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Globalization
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
__________________________.
Practice Task 2
The World Made Closer
In this activity, you will do the actual application of globalization on the different
aspects of one’s daily life such as music, sports, film, celebrity, food, and politics by
answering the following questions:
a. Enumerate at least three of the most recent songs that you have
listened to. Identify where or from what country did the song
originate and what is the nationality of the composer or the artist of
each music.
b. What gadget/s or device/s do you usually use to listen to music?
c. Where were these gadgets or devices made? Where is the
company based?
d. How did you access this music? Did you purchase them online or
listen to them through You Tube, Spotify, and other music
channels?
e. Why do you like listening to this type of music? Why did you buy or
patronize the said devices or gadgets? Why do you subscribe or
purchase stuff online?
f. How important is it for you to have access to this stuff? Do this
trend or activity really affect your daily life?
g. As a Senior High School student, aside from music and gadgets,
what other stuff or ways do you think you are influenced by
globalization?
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Practice Task 3
https://bit.ly/3isapkH
Examine the poster above, this depicts the Rice Tariffication Law in the
Philippines. This law opens the Philippine rice market and places a minimum 35% tariff
on imported rice. This means that while rice from other countries is cheaper, the tariff
imposed on them would level the playing field for less efficient local producers. This
stable supply of rice also helps lower rice prices for Filipino consumers. The fuller
importation of rice from other countries resulted in the plunging prices of local rice,
benefiting the rice-eating populace but hurting the livelihood of many Filipino farmers.
Do you think this is an alarming reality of globalization effect in the Philippines as
an agricultural and developing country? Justify your stand. Write it concisely in your
notebook.
Be guided with the rubric below to come up with a well-thought and beautifully
written reflection paper.
IV.
RUBRICS
Evaluation tool for Reflective Output
SCORE
CONTENT
ORGANIZATION
DEVELOPMENT
4
Answer is
appropriate to
the question.
Content is
factually
correct
Clear sense of
order. Begins
with a thesis or
topic sentence.
Supporting points
are presented in
a logical
progression.
Develops each
point of with
specific details.
Answers
question
completely.
3
Answer is
appropriate to
the question.
Content may
have one or
two factual
errors.
May lack a thesis
sentence but
points are
presented in a
logical
progression.
Each point is
supported with
some details and
evidence. All
important points
included.
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USE OF
LANGUAGE
Uses technical
or scientific
terminology
appropriately
and correctly no
major
grammatical or
spelling error.
Accurate word
choice. No more
than two major
errors and a few
minor errors.
2
1
V.
Content
relates
peripherally to
the question,
contains
significant
factual errors
Content
unrelated to
question
Logic of
arguments is
minimally
perceivable
points presented
in a seemingly
random fashion.
But all support
argument.
Sparse details or
evidence.
Questions only
partially
answered.
Ordinary word
choice: use of
scientific
terminology
avoided. Some
serious errors
(but they don’t
impair
communication)
Lacks clear
organizational
plan. Reader is
confused.
Statements are
unsupported by
any detail or
explanation.
Repetitious,
incoherent
illogical
development.
Limited
vocabulary:
errors impair
communication
Answer Key
Answers vary
VI.
References
https://tinyurl.com/34zwamkt
https://tinyurl.com/327vza8b
https://tinyurl.com/httneha3
https://tinyurl.com/hwtjx7y9
https://tinyurl.com/34zwamkt
https://tinyurl.com/e3v2rcf
Trends, Networks, and Critical Thinking in the 21st Century; Gladys P.
Mangiduyos, First Edition
The Contemporary World; Prince Kennex Reguyal Aldama, First Edition
LAS Development Team:
Writer
Content Editors
Language Editors
Lay-out Artist
Education Program
Supervisor
Maria Theresa L. Lumibao
Nilo L. Mayor
Vivian N. Pangan
Nick P. Azaña
Alejo San M. Rontas
Eume Rey N. Naz
Myrna Lynne G. Bueno
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T-III, PGCHS
MT I, Anislag HS
MT I, Malabog HS
P-I, Villahermosa HS
P-I, Jovellar HS
T-III, Bariw NHS
SDO Albay