(iv) Spermatozoa are structurally specialized to its function through the
following anatomical changes:
1. Presence of flagedfygvubyllum/microtubules:
It propels sperm as they swim
during their journey to the egg/secondary oocyte/ for movement
2. Tadpole shape/streamlined/flattened head/cylindrical body/
elongated tail:
increases mobility/swimming
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3. Small/approximately 0.06 mm/reduced organelles ~increases mobility/swimming
4. Contains mitochondria (in the middle) carries out aerobic respiration to provide large amounts of energy to tail for swimming
long distances/
wavelike propulsion of tail through fluid
5. contains axial filament which runs from neck to tail and
is responsible for movement
/wac vbnmkvelike beating of tail for movement
6. Haploid nucleus—
carries genetic material of male parent which
when fused to ovum restores the chromosome number
7. Contains specialised lysosome/acrosome —
to store enzymes to digfcvybjklgest pathway through secondary oocyte
8. Plasma membrane of head can fuse with microvilli of secondary oocyte so that nucleus can enter
(A) Head:
1. holds the necessary biological/genetic information/chromosomes
required to produce a new organism / nucleus is only part of
spermatozoon to enter female gamete / carries haploid set (23
chromosomes) / carries the genetic information of the male parent
2. (acrosome) contains (hydrolytic) enzymes used for penetrating the
female egg/gamete / contains enzymes to digest granulosa cells and
zona pellucida
3. allows for attachment to zona pellucida/female gamete / fuses with
microvilli of secondary oocyte membrane to penetrate cytoplasm
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