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QUESTIONSHEET 1
The drawing shows a section through part of a filamentous fungus, magnified 5000 times.
A
(a) Give two features which show that this fungus is a eukaryote.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) Calculate the actual diameter of the fungus at position A in the drawing. Show your working.
Answer: ............................................... [3]
(c) The effect of temperature on the rate of growth of a filamentous fungus was investigated using a liquid
culture medium. Five equal volumes of a liquid culture were inoculated with the dry mass equivalent of 1g
of fungus. Each was incubated at a different temperature for 48 hours. The table shows the results of this
investigation.
Temperature/ °C
10
15
20
25
30
Dry mass
after 48 hours/g
2.5
3.2
5.6
5.8
4.0
Explain the pattern shown by these results.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(d) Identify three organelles and give their functions in the fungus.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
[3]
TOTAL / 10
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QUESTIONSHEET 2
The diagram shows the structure of Tobacco Mosaic Virus.
A ..................................................................
B ..................................................................
(a) (i)
Name the chemicals which compose features A and B shown on the diagram.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) Give two differences in structure between Tobacco Mosaic Virus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) Tobacco Mosaic Virus infects the leaves of tobacco. The symptoms include bright yellow and light green
patches on the dark green leaves. The disease spreads rapidly by contact with the infected tissue.
(i) Explain how infection by this virus would lead to a decrease in crop yield.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
[3]
(ii) Suggest one reason for burning crops containing infected plants.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
[1]
TOTAL / 4 Total [8]
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QUESTIONSHEET 3
(a) To obtain a viable count a serial dilution of the culture of bacteria must be made. Describe how a
serial dilution is made.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
[3]
(b) The table shows the number of colonies counted from a serial dilution.
Number of
colonies
1st
dilution
2nd
dilution
3rd
dilution
4th
dilution
5th
dilution
Too many
to count
Too many
to count
500
55
4
Explain why the count for the 4th dilution would be the most suitable to use to calculate the total
population of bacteria in the culture.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
[2]
TOTAL / 5
QUESTIONSHEET 4
The table below describes the structure and function of organelles in eukaryotic cells. Complete the table by
filling in the empty boxes A, B, C, D and E
Organelle
Structure/Feature
Function of feature
A
Nucleus
B
Nucleoli present
Inner membrane folded into
cristae
D
Vesicles containing
hydrolytic enzyme
Smooth endoplasmic
reticulum
Consists
Consistsofofhattened
flattened
membrane-bound
sacs
membrane- bound
sacs
called
calledcistennae
cisternae
C
Breakdown of old organelles.
Cell lysis.
E
TOTAL / 5
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QUESTIONSHEET 5
The table below refers to a bacterial cell, a liver cell and a palisade mesophyll cell and to the structures which
may be found inside them.
If a feature is present in the cell, place a tick (✓) in the appropriate box and if a feature is absent from the cell,
place a cross () in the appropriate box.
Feature
Bacterial cell
Liver cell
Palisade cell
Nuclear membrane
Vacuole
Cell wall
Microvilli
Chloroplasts
Mesosomes
Glycogen granules
TOTAL / 7
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QUESTIONSHEET 6
The diagram below shows an electron micrograph of a cell.
A
B
E
C
D
F
(a) Name the parts labelled A, B, C, D, E and F.
A: ...............................................................................
D: ............................................................................
B: ...............................................................................
E: ............................................................................
C: ...............................................................................
F: ............................................................................
[6]
(b) What evidence can be seen in the diagram that suggests that the cell is:
(i)
metabolically active and involved in secretion of enzymes.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
[3]
(ii) involved in production or modification of lipids?
...........................................................................................................................................................................
[1]
TOTAL / 10
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QUESTIONSHEET 7
The drawing below shows the ultrastructure of E. coli.
A ................................................
slime capsule
B ................................................
cytoplasm
C ................................................
glycogen
granules or
lipid droplets
D ................................................
E .................................................
(a) (i)
Label structures A to E on the drawing.
[5]
(ii) State a function of part D.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
[1]
(iii) What term is given to this bacterial shape?
...........................................................................................................................................................................
[1]
(b) List three ways in which prokaryotic cells differ from eukaryotic cells.
1 .........................................................................................................................................................................
2 .........................................................................................................................................................................
3 .........................................................................................................................................................................
[3]
TOTAL / 10
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QUESTIONSHEET 8
(a) Show how two molecules of glucose below join together to form a disaccharide.
C
H
O
C
HO
H
+
C
C
C
OH
C
H
O
C
HO
H
C
C
C
OH
[2]
(b) What is the name given to this type of reaction?
...........................................................................................................................................................................
[1]
(c) What is the name of the reverse reaction?
...........................................................................................................................................................................
[1]
(d) Glycogen is a complex storage polysaccharide. In which organ is it mainly stored in vertebrates?
...........................................................................................................................................................................
[1]
(e) A solution which tested negative for reducing sugars was thought to contain sucrose and protein. Describe
how you would find out whether this was so.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
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...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
[6]
TOTAL / 11
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QUESTIONSHEET 9
The diagrams below show two different forms of glucose
H
C
HO
glucose
glucose
CH2OH
CH2OH
C
O
OH
H
C
C
H
OH
H
H
C
C
OH
HO
C
O
OH
H
C
C
H
OH
OH
C
H
(a) What term is used to describe these two forms?
...........................................................................................................................................................................
[1]
(b) How do the two forms of glucose differ from one another?
...........................................................................................................................................................................
[1]
(c) Why is it important to have these two differing forms?
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(d) What kinds of bonds occur in carbohydrates?
...........................................................................................................................................................................
[1]
TOTAL / 5
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QUESTIONSHEET 10
Stearic acid is a saturated fatty acid with the formula C17H35COOH. Oleic acid is an unsaturated fatty acid with
the formula C17H33COOH.
(a) (i)
What do the terms saturated and unsaturated mean?
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(ii) In what ways do the properties of saturated and unsaturated fats differ?
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(b) Why are lipids useful as storage molecules?
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
[4]
(c) (i) Name the parts of the triglyceride shown below by writing in the boxes and completing the label.
....................................................................................
[3]
(ii) In what way would the structure of a phospholipid differ from this triglyeride?
...........................................................................................................................................................................
[1]
TOTAL / 12
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QUESTIONSHEET 11
(a) Describe the structure of a phospholipid.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
[3]
(b) (i)
Show, using a labelled diagram, how phospholipids are arranged in a biological membrane.
[2]
(ii) Explain why the molecules arrange themselves in this way.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(c) Give two uses of lipids, other than storage.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(d) Describe a test you would carry out to determine the presence of fat in a sample solution.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
[2]
TOTAL / 11
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QUESTIONSHEET 12
The diagram below shows the general structure of two molecules of amino acid.
H
R
N
H
C
H
O
H
C
R
N
OH
H
C
O
C
H
(a) Using the diagram above show how the two amino acids join to make a dipeptide.
(b) (i)
OH
[3]
What does the “R” represent?
...........................................................................................................................................................................
[1]
(ii) Give an example of an “R” group.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
[1]
TOTAL / 5
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QUESTIONSHEET 13
Proteins can exist as primary, secondary, tertiary or quaternary structures.
The diagram below shows one of these protein structures.
polypeptide chains
H-bonds
(a) What is the name given to this structure?
...........................................................................................................................................................................
[1]
(b) What gives this protein structure its high tensile strength?
...........................................................................................................................................................................
[1]
(c) What is meant by tertiary protein structure?
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
[3]
(d) Name two types of bonds which hold tertiary protein structure together.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
[2]
(e) Name one common protein which has a quaternary protein structure.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
[1]
(f) Describe how you would carry out a test to detect the presence of protein in an unknown sample solution.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
[3]
TOTAL / 11
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QUESTIONSHEET 14
The diagram shows one type of protein structure.
R
S
S
C
O
N
O
N
C
N
H
C
C O
O
C
N
C
H
R
C
H
C
N
R
C
R
H C
C
N
C
(a) (i)
O
O
O
C
C
C O
C
N
C
C
N
C
N
O
H
O
R
R
O
N
N
N
C
H
C
R
C
H
C
H
C
R
C N
N
H
N
CO
R
R
H
R
O
O
C
C
O
R
C
R
R
H
C
S
S
R
What name is given to this type of structure?
...........................................................................................................................................................................
[1]
(ii) Name three types of bond involved in holding this structure together.
1 ...................................................
(b) (i)
2 .............................................
3....................................................
[3]
What type of structure do proteins which act as enzymes possess?
...........................................................................................................................................................................
[1]
(ii) What type of structure does the globin of haemoglobin possess?
...........................................................................................................................................................................
[1]
(iii) Briefly outline how the molecular structure of haemoglobin is suited to its function.
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................................................
[4]
TOTAL / 10