TRANSFER OF MATTER AND ENERGY GROUP 1 NCF Transfer of Matter and Energy occur between organisms or between organisms and the physical environment represented by a trophic structure. The Greek tropho means "nourishment" Transfer of Matter and Energy Trophic structure Trophic level hierarchical arrangement of organisms in an ecosystem based on their feeding relationships. a position in a food chain, a food web, or on an ecological pyramid that is occupied by a group of organisms having a similar feeding mode. TYPES OF TROPHIC STRUCTURE • Food chain - A food chain is a linear sequence of organisms through which nutrients and energy pass as one organism eats another. • Food web - the natural interconnection of food chains and a graphical representation of what-eats-what in an ecological community. Producers -also called autotrophs (self- feeders), are organisms that can manufacture their own organic compounds that they use as sources of energy and nutrients. -make their own food through photosynthesis. Consumers An organism that consumes another organism for food, also known as heterotrophs. Herbivores are animals that feed exclusively on plant material. This group includes mammals like cows, deer, and elephants, as well as smaller creatures like butterfly caterpillars and certain species of fish. Omnivores are animals that consume both plant and animal matter. Examples include humans, bears, and pigs. These animals have a varied diet and can often switch between food sources based on availability. Carnivores are animals that primarily consume other animals. This group includes lions, wolves, and eagles. These animals often occupy the role of predators in their ecosystems. An obligate carnivore or true carnivore is an animal that must eat meat in order to thrive and survive. Decomposers (Detritivores) These organisms play a crucial role in breaking down dead plants and animals into simpler substances. Decomposers include bacteria, fungi, and certain insects. They recycle nutrients back into the ecosystem, closing the loop. TROPHIC LEVELS TROPHIC LEVEL FOOD EXAMPLE PRODUCER Makes its own food Plants make food Consumes producers Mice eat plant seeds SECONDARY Consumes primary consumers Snakes eat mice TERTIARY Consumes secondary consumers PRIMARY Hawks eat snakes Thank you for listening!
