Snow and Ice Control, Traffic and
Wind Indicators, Protection of
NAVAIDs
139.313, 323, 333
SAT Operations – 2017 FAR Part 139 Training
FAR Part 139 Training – Snow and Ice Control, Traffic and Wind
Direction Indicators, Protection of NAVAIDs (139.313, 323, 333)
• Overview
• Snow and Ice Control Plan (139.313)
• Traffic and Wind Direction Indicators
(139.323)
• Protection of NAVAIDs (139.333)
Snow and Ice Control
FAR Part 139.313
FAR Part 139 Training – Snow and Ice Control, Traffic and Wind
Direction Indicators, Protection of NAVAIDs (139.313, 323, 333)
Snow and Ice Control
• FAR Part 139 – Snow and Ice Control
• Any airport that is located where snow and icing
conditions occur must prepare, maintain, and
carry out a snow and ice control plan
• The snow and ice control plan must include:
• Procedures for prompt removal or control of snow, ice and slush on the
movement area
• Procedures for positioning snow off the movement area surfaces so that all air
carrier aircraft’s propellers, engine pods, rotors, and wing tips will clear any
snowdrift or snow bank as the aircraft’s landing gear transverses any portion
of the movement area
• Selection and application of authorized materials for snow and ice control to
ensure that they adhere to snow and ice sufficiently to minimize engine
ingestion
• Procedures for timely commencement of snow and ice control operations
• Notification to all air carriers of snow/ice conditions when any portion of the
movement area available to air carriers is less than satisfactorily cleared for
safe operation by their aircraft.
FAR Part 139 Training – Snow and Ice Control, Traffic and Wind
Direction Indicators, Protection of NAVAIDs (139.313, 323, 333)
Snow and Ice Control
• FAR Part 139 – SAT Application
• SAT is not located in an area where snow and
icing conditions regularly occur. In the event of
ice or snow conditions Airport Operations will
issue any necessary NOTAMs to notify air carrier
users of airport movement area conditions as
outlined in section 339. Airport Operations will
monitor any possible interference to navigational
aids (NAVAIDS) caused by the snow or ice as
outlined in section 327 and 333.
• Advisory Circular 150/5200-30D Airport Winter
Safety and Operations
FAR Part 139 Training – Snow and Ice Control, Traffic and Wind
Direction Indicators, Protection of NAVAIDs (139.313, 323, 333)
Snow and Ice Control
• Snow and Ice Control Procedures – FAA Requirement
• Priority Areas for Clearing:
• 1st – Primary runways and associated
taxiways, ARFF response routes, NAVAIDs,
required ramp areas, crash gates, other
essential areas
• 2nd – Secondary runways and associated
taxiways and ramps
FAR Part 139 Training – Snow and Ice Control, Traffic and Wind
Direction Indicators, Protection of NAVAIDs (139.313, 323, 333)
Snow and Ice Control
• Snow and Ice Control Procedures – FAA
Requirement
• Definition:
• Ice – Solid form of water
• Snow
• Dry – poor compaction, usually occurs well below
freezing
• Wet – good compaction, usually occurs close to
freezing point
• Compacted – Snow than has been compressed and will
resists further compression
• Slush – Snow that has water content exceeding its
freely drained condition such that it takes on fluid
properties
• Patchy Conditions – areas of bare pavement showing
through snow or ice
FAR Part 139 Training – Snow and Ice Control, Traffic and Wind
Direction Indicators, Protection of NAVAIDs (139.313, 323, 333)
Snow and Ice Control
• Snow and Ice Control Procedures – FAA Requirement
• Pavement Surface Modification – Surface Treatment
• Sand – needs to be heated (80 degrees) or coated/sprayed
with de-icing solution to aid in adherence to ice. If it does
not adhere, it will get picked up by jet engines or blown
away
• Course Sand – all sand that does not pass through a #30 sieve
– works best if ice is present under 20 degrees F
• Fine Sand – all sand passing through a #30 sieve – works best
when ice is present over 20 degrees F.
• Scarifying – Scar the ice with a serrated blade to help
improve the friction coefficient
FAR Part 139 Training – Snow and Ice Control, Traffic and Wind
Direction Indicators, Protection of NAVAIDs (139.313, 323, 333)
Snow and Ice Control – FAA Requirement
• Friction Surveys – CFME, MU value (friction value)
• Conditions acceptable to use CFME on frozen
surfaces:
• Ice or wet ice. Wet ice is ice surfaces that are
covered with a thin film of moisture caused
by melting. The liquid water film deposit is of
minimal depth, of 0.04 inch or less,
insufficient to cause hydroplaning.
• Compacted snow at any depth
• Dry snow at 1 inch or less
• Wet snow or slush 1/8 inch or less
FAR Part 139 Training – Snow and Ice Control, Traffic and Wind
Direction Indicators, Protection of NAVAIDs (139.313, 323, 333)
Snow and Ice Control
• Snow and Ice Control Procedures – FAA Requirement
• Friction Surveys
• Friction surveys should be conducted when:
• The central 60 ft of the runway, centered along the RWY centerline
is contaminated over a distance of 500 ft or more.
• When it appears friction is changing (braking reports)
• Following all snow clearing, anti-icing, deicing, or sanding
• Immediately following any aircraft incident or accident on the
runway
• Location when conducting friction surveys:
• Should be conducted approximately 10 ft off of the centerline on
one side of the runway
• Should always be conducted in the same direction of landing
aircraft.
• Broken up into three zones – touchdown, midpoint, rollout.
• Usually conducted at 40 miles per hour
FAR Part 139 Training – Snow and Ice Control, Traffic and Wind
Direction Indicators, Protection of NAVAIDs (139.313, 323, 333)
Snow and Ice Control
• Snow and Ice Control Procedures – FAA Requirement
• When to report Friction Values
• When MU values are below 40 for any zone of the
runway
• When an active runway that had MU values below 40
rises above 40 for the entire length of the runway
• Friction Condition Reports - NOTAMs:
• Type of friction tester
• Runway number
• MU values for each runway zone rounded to the
nearest whole number
• A short description of the type of contamination
causing the friction problem
• Time the friction survey was taken
FAR Part 139 Training – Snow and Ice Control, Traffic and Wind
Direction Indicators, Protection of NAVAIDs (139.313, 323, 333)
Snow and Ice Control
• Snow and Ice Control Procedures – FAA Requirement
• NOTAMs
• Runway Friction Survey Values
• Anytime a portion of the airfield available for
air carrier use is less than satisfactorily
cleared.
• All NOTAMs should conform to the
requirements of the NOTAM AC
FAR Part 139 Training – Snow and Ice Control, Traffic and Wind Direction
Indicators, Protection of NAVAIDs (139.313, 323, 333)
•
Snow and Ice Control
Snow and Ice Control Procedures – FAA Requirement
•
RWY Closure Requirements (VERY IMPORTANT)
• Any “NIL” breaking action report requires the immediate closure of the
RWY before the next flight operation. The runway must remain closed
until the airport operator is satisfied that the “NIL” condition no longer
exists.
• Two Consecutive “Poor” PIREPS when you have had “Good” and
“Fair” – requires an immediate friction survey before the next
operation if your continuous monitoring program is not in effect. If
your continuous monitoring program is in effect, then you need to do
another survey as soon as possible.
• We are required to take every possible course to improve braking
action. If it cannot be improved, the friction on the runway must be
monitored continuously.
• Continuous Monitoring – procedures can vary from airport to
airport.
• Maintaining a regular program of friction testing
• Monitoring runway conditions including air and surface temperatures,
contaminant types and depth
• Monitoring pilot communications
FAR Part 139 Training – Snow and Ice Control, Traffic and Wind Direction
Indicators, Protection of NAVAIDs (139.313, 323, 333)
Snow and Ice Control
• Snow and Ice Control Procedures – SAT Application
• Deicing chemicals used at SAT (Ice)
• Cryotech E36 – Potassium Acetate – (liquid anti/deicer)
• Sodium Acetate (solid anti/deicer)
• Sand – not a deicing chemical – used as a last resort
• Friction Tester – Dynatest (Continuous Friction
Measuring Equipment, KJ Law RFT)
• Glide Slopes
• Runway 4 – Null-Reference Glide Slope
• Runway 12R/30L (13R/31L) – Capture-Effect Glide Slope
• If we have snow drifts reference A/C 5200-30C
FAR Part 139 Training – Snow and Ice Control, Traffic and Wind Direction
Indicators, Protection of NAVAIDs (139.313, 323, 333)
FICON/RCAM NOTAMs
A FICON is a Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) generated to reflect pavement
surface conditions on runways, taxiways, and aprons and Runway
Condition Codes (RwyCCs) if greater than 25 percent of the overall
runway length and width coverage or cleared width of the runway is
contaminated.
• The RCAM is the tool by which an airport operator will assess a
runway surface when contaminants are present.
• Runway Condition Codes describe runway conditions based on
defined contaminants for each runway third. Use of RwyCCs
harmonizes with ICAO Annex 14, providing a standardized
“shorthand” format (e.g., 4/3/2) for reporting. RwyCCs (which
replace the reporting of Mu values) are used by pilots to conduct
landing performance assessments.
• Please reference AC 150/5200 30D
FICON/RCAM
Slippery when wet NOTAM
Create new
NOTAM
Slippery when wet NOTAM
NOTE: When creating a
slippery when wet NOTAM
you must select the RWYs
affected (12R/30L not 12R
or 30L only), this applies
to both runway orientations
for affected RWYs.
1)Select Runway
2)RWY 12R/30L
3) Slippery when
wet.
4) Create
NOTAM
Slippery when wet NOTAM
Please enter
observation time for
NOTAM
1) NM will automatically
select the effective times
and dates (24 hours from
start time)
2) TD/MP/RO ratings will be
3 for entire RWY
3) Submit NOTAM
Slippery when wet NOTAM
• Submitted NOTAM will look like this:
• !SAT XX/XXX SAT RWY 12R/30L FICON 3/3/3 SLIPPERY WHEN WET
. 1610031425-1610041425
Water NOTAM
Create a new NOTAM
Water NOTAM
NOTE: When creating the
Water contaminant NOTAM,
only select the RWY in use
from select designator list
(12R or 30L not 12R/30L)
1) Select Runway
2) Select RWY in
Use (I.E. 12R)
3) Select surface
conditions
4) Create NOTAM
Water NOTAM
NOTE: When the RWY
contaminant is water, the
depth must be greater than
1/8 inch, NM will not publish
NOTAM for water
contaminant less than 1/4
inch.
Water NOTAM
NOTE: If you are
using the same
coverage area for
the RWY full length
use the copy
feature
1)Enter % coverage
2) Enter depth (must be ¼ inch
or
greater)
3) Enter water as contaminant
4) TD/MP/RO Numbers will
populate as each section is
completed.
Water NOTAM
NOTE: You must
complete entries for
Contaminants,
Observation details, and
period of validity (this
field will automatically be
for 24hrs)
1) NOTAM will be issued for
24hrs from activation
time/date
2) Enter observation
time/date
3) Submit NOTAM
Water NOTAM
• Submitted NOTAM will look like this:
• !SAT XX/XXX SAT RWY 12R FICON 2/2/2 100 PRCT 1/4IN WATER
1610031510-1610041510
Wet NOTAM
Create New NOTAM
Wet NOTAM
NOTE: Select only the
single RWY Orientation,
only 30L or 12R not
12R/30L from designator
box.
1) Select Runway
2) Select RWY
3) Select surface
conditions
4) Create NOTAM
Wet NOTAM
NOTE: No depth entry
allowed when wet is RWY
contaminant
1) Enter coverage %
2) Enter contaminant as
wet
3) TD/MP/RO numbers will
autopopulate once
coverage % and
contaminant is entered
as wet
Wet NOTAM
NOTE: NOTAM will be
issued for 24hrs from time of
activation.
1)Remember to use copy feature
if contaminant and coverage %
are the same for entire RWY
2) Entries must be completed for
contaminants, observation
details, and period of validity
3) Submit NOTAM
Wet NOTAM
• NOTAM will look like this:
• !SAT XX/XXX SAT RWY 30L FICON 5/5/5 100 PRCT WET
1610031530-1610041530
RCAM NOTAMs
These NOTAMs will help SAT prevent
this FEDEX J can from being an
aircraft during rain events!!!!!!!
Traffic and Wind
Direction
Indicators
FAR Part 139.323
FAR Part 139 Training – Snow and Ice Control, Traffic and Wind
Direction Indicators, Protection of NAVAIDs (139.313, 323, 333)
Traffic and Wind Direction Indicators
• FAR Part 139 – FAA Requirement
• In a manner authorized by the Administrator, each
certificate holder must provide and maintain the
following on its airport:
• A wind cone that visually provides surface wind direction
information to pilots (Primary Wind cone)
• For air carrier runways, a supplemental wind cone must be
at the approach end of each runway.
• Must be lighted if the airport is used at night
• At airports without an operating control tower
• A segmented circle
• Landing strip indicator
• Traffic pattern indicators – installed when a right
handed traffic pattern is used.
FAR Part 139 Training – Snow and Ice Control, Traffic and Wind
Direction Indicators, Protection of NAVAIDs (139.313, 323, 333)
• Should not be located in the RSA or OFZ
Should not be located in the ROFA unless there is a need
FAR Part 139 Training – Snow and Ice Control, Traffic and Wind
Direction Indicators, Protection of NAVAIDs (139.313, 323, 333)
Traffic and Wind Direction Indicators
• FAA Requirement
• May be installed no closer than 250 ft. from the runway centerline
• If the wind cone is more than 16’8” above the runway centerline
elevation, it must be moved back farther than 250 feet from
centerline to prevent penetration of the ROFZ
• Preferred to be on the left side of the runway, as viewed by
landing aircraft
• Supplemental Wind Cones - Frangible base (L-806)
• Primary Wind Cones are mounted on rigid supporting structures if
design standards allow. (L-807)
• Wind cones may be 8 ft long (18 inch opening – Size 1) or 12 ft
long (36 inch opening – Size 2)
FAR Part 139 Training – Snow and Ice Control, Traffic and Wind
Direction Indicators, Protection of NAVAIDs (139.313, 323, 333)
Traffic and Wind Direction Indicators
• FAA Requirement
• Must indicate the true wind direction + or – 5 degrees when the
wind is 3 knots or greater
• Assembly must be painted orange
• Illumination
FAR Part 139 Training – Snow and Ice Control, Traffic and Wind
Direction Indicators, Protection of NAVAIDs (139.313, 323, 333)
FAR Part 139 Training – Snow and Ice Control, Traffic and Wind
Direction Indicators, Protection of NAVAIDs (139.313, 323, 333)
Traffic and Wind Direction Indicators
• SAT Application
• 7 lighted wind cones on the field
• All required auxiliary wind cones are internally lighted with cones
that are 8 feet in length
• Mid-field windsock is 12 feet in length
• The main wind cone's external lights are located in a series circuit so if
one goes out they will all go out. All auxiliary windsocks are 8 feet in
length
Protection of NAVAIDS
FAR Part 139.333
FAR Part 139 Training – Snow and Ice Control, Traffic and Wind
Direction Indicators, Protection of NAVAIDs (139.313, 323, 333)
Protection of NAVAIDs
• FAR Part 139 – FAA Requirement
• In a manner authorized by the Administrator, each
certificate holder must:
• Prevent the construction of facilities on its airport that,
as determined by the Administrator, would derogate the
operation of an electronic or visual NAVAID and air
traffic control facilities on the airport
• Protect – or if the owner is other than the certificate
holder, assist in protecting – all NAVAIDS on its airport
against vandalism and theft
• Prevent, insofar as it is within the airport’s authority,
interruption of visual and electronic signals of NAVAIDS
FAR Part 139 Training – Snow and Ice Control, Traffic and Wind
Direction Indicators, Protection of NAVAIDs (139.313, 323, 333)
FAR Part 139 Training – Snow and Ice Control, Traffic and Wind
Direction Indicators, Protection of NAVAIDs (139.313, 323, 333)
FAR Part 139 Training – Snow and Ice Control, Traffic and Wind
Direction Indicators, Protection of NAVAIDs (139.313, 323, 333)
Protection of NAVAIDs
• FAR Part 139 – FAA Requirements
• In general, critical areas need to be
protected from moving objects and
vegetation over 12 inches in height.
• Not an issue for fixed objects that have
been flight tested and do not cause
degradation of the signal
• Snow coverage issues.
FAR Part 139 Training – Snow and Ice Control, Traffic and Wind
Direction Indicators, Protection of NAVAIDs (139.313, 323, 333)
Protection of NAVAIDs
• FAR Part 139 – SAT Application (ILS)
• Localizer Critical Areas
• Runway 12R(13R) – 4000 x 500 ft
• Runway 30L (31L) – 2000 x 400 ft
• Runway 4 – 2000 x 400 ft
• Glide Slope Critical Areas
• Runway 12R (13R) – 1300 x 530 ft – Capture
Effect
• Runway 30L (31L)– 1300 x 530 ft – Capture
Effect
• Runway 4 – 1300 x 615 ft – Null Reference
FAR Part 139 Training – Snow and Ice Control, Traffic and Wind Direction
Indicators, Protection of NAVAIDs (139.313, 323, 333)
For any questions regarding the
contents of this training
presentation please contact the
Airport Operations Office at 210207-3475.