Chapter Five Motivation and Emotions Brainstorming Motivation • It is literally the desire to do things. • It is a driving force that moves us to a particular action. • It is a factor by which activities are started, directed and continued so that physical or psychological needs or wants are met. • Motivation is what ―moves people to do the things they do. Theories of Motivation Kinds of Drive • Primary drives are those that involve survival needs of the body such as hunger and thirst, • Secondary (Acquired) drives are those that are learned through experience or conditioning, such as the need for money, social approval. Abraham Maslow Hierarchy of needs Conflicts of Motives How to Stay in Our Motive? How can I stay motivated? • Regularly review your goals and progress. Seeing progress is a great motivator in itself, and also improves your self-esteem. • Continue to set new goals. Think about what you want to achieve next week, next month and next year. Tackle one goal at a time so you don’t feel overwhelmed. • Keep the momentum up. It takes most people about 2 months to develop a new habit, but for some people, it can take much longer. Keeping the momentum and routine helps it feel more automatic over time. How can I stay motivated? • Find mentors, for example, someone you look up to who is experienced in the habit you want to change. Finding social or support groups with the same interest can help you find a mentor. • Surround yourself with positive people. Positive friends and family enhance your positive self-talk. This also helps to manage the symptoms of depression and anxiety. • Use exercise as one of your daily goals to improve your mental health. Emotions Brainstorming Questions • What is Emotion? • What are the types of Emotion? • What the theorists say about Emotion? • What are the difference between Emotion and Feeling? Emotions • It refers to a feeling state involving thoughts, physiological changes, and an outward expression or behavior. • It is the feeling aspect of consciousness, characterized by certain physical arousal, certain behavior that reveals the feeling to the outside world, and an inner awareness of feelings. • There are three elements of emotion: the physiology, behavior and subjective experience. Elements of Emotion • The physiology of emotion - when a person experiences an emotion, there is physical arousal created by the sympathetic nervous system. • The behavior of emotion- tells us how people behave in the grip of an emotion. • Subjective experience ;involves interpreting the subjective feeling by giving it a label: anger, fear, disgust, happiness, sadness, shame, interest, surprise and so on. Theories of Emotion • James- Lang Theory of Emotion • Cannon-Bard theory of emotion • Schechter-Singer and Cognitive Arousal Theory James- Lang Theory of Emotion • In this theory, a stimulus of some sort (for example, the large snarling dog) produces a physiological reaction. • This reaction, which is the arousal of the ―fightor-flight sympathetic nervous system (wanting to run), produces bodily sensations such as increased heart rate, dry mouth, and rapid breathing. • James and Lang believed that physical arousal led to the labeling of the emotion (fear). Cannon-Bard theory of emotion • They theorized that the emotion and the physiological arousal occur more or less at the same time. • The fear and the bodily reactions are, therefore, experienced at the same time-not one after the other Schechter-Singer and Cognitive Arousal Theory • Two things have to happen before emotion occurs: the physical arousal and labeling of the arousal base on cues from the surrounding environment. • These two things happen at the same time, resulting in the labeling of the emotion. Types of Emotion • Positive and Negative Emotions • Basic Emotions Basic Emotions 1. Happiness • Facial expressions • Body a smiling language: relaxed posture • An optimistic, pleasant tone of voice 2. Sadness : • Dampened mood • Quietness • Lethargy • Withdrawal from others 3. Fear • Facial expressions: widening the eyes and pulling back the chin • Attempts to hide or flea from the threat • Physiological reactions: rapid breathing and heartbeat 4. Disgust: • Turning away from the object of disgust • Physical reactions: vomiting or retching • Facial expressions: folding the nose and waving the upper lip 5. Anger • Facial expressions: frowning or glaring • Body language :taking a strong posture or turning away from someone • Tone of voice: speaking gruffly or yelling • Physiological responses: sweating or turning red • Aggressive behaviors: hitting, kicking, or throwing objects 6.Surprise • Facial expressions: raising the brows, widening the eyes, and opening the mouth • Physical responses: jumping back • Verbal reactions: shouting, screaming, or gasping What Is Emotional Intelligence? • EI is the ability to understand and manage your own emotions, and those of the people around you. • It refers to the ability to perceive, control, and evaluate emotions. • People with a high degree of emotional intelligence know what they're feeling, what their emotions mean, and how these emotions can affect other people. Brainstorming Questions • Can we become Emotionally Intelligent? How?
