Lives
From Salonica to Spain
The life of Mrs. Pipano
Mrs. Pipano singing a chant.
Chapter one
A Salonica childhood
R. How did your mom call you?
MP. Angèle. A n g e l e
And what do you want to know?
R. Everything. Whatever you can tell me. How were you like as a child? And how was your
childhood in Salonica?
A. I don’t remember anymore I was born in 14th and, well in Salonica, life, in Salonica it was a
group of Jewish that escaped from Spain and stood up in Salonica, and in Salonica back then it
was Turkey, it was occupied by Turkish. The Turkish entered Macedonia and went up to Vienna
and went up some years like that and how Turkish were good about as that they let the Jewish
live their way. They liked to close on Saturday and work on Sunday and continued doing it. Like
now and they did it and, until… well, the Greek needed to free Salonica one day, in reality, it
was Greek, but it was occupied by the Turkish. They started to move out, the Turkish, and the
Greek came in.
R. How old were you when the Greek entered Salonica.
A. I was born on the 14th and when the Greek entered when did the Greek entered Salonica?
R. 1912 was the year when the Greek troops entered Salonica. King George declared that the
Jewish and the rest of the minorities would have the same rights as the Greek. However,
everything started to change little by little for the Jewish I. Salonica as Mrs. Pipano will tell us.
She will talk about those little and precious moments in the life of a small Jewish family in that
second Sepharad that was Salonica. The memories of happy days when a Sephardi child was
growing up in that desired city.
A. It think it was the 12th, I cannot tell you exactly, but I was a little girl and, then, I remember
that women did not go to the market, no one went there, they lived at home. It was a weird
city, Salonica, it was almost a Jewish city, they entered…. There were not paper tissues, they
were all tissues of fabric and as we were five children, and my mom and dad, and a girl who
lived in the house…so you can imagine (chuckles) how many tissues gathered, it was a whole
tray. And mom put us all to pin one handkerchief with another with pins to make them bigger
and to dry them.
The Pipano Family
A. My mother was so beautiful, only that, later on, things spoiled. The only thing that she
couldn’t do was, her feet hurt, and she was always wearing closed shoes. But she was very
pretty, my mom, she was very, very pretty. And there was, I cannot find a picture of her, there
was a sister who looked just like her. Something perfect. I have never seen a person so pretty,
so perfect as that sister of mine and my mother. You could not even find any flaws, she was
perfect. And we lived like, how can I say, I normal life: my mother oversaw us, my father came
and went. The only thing is that my father was always more tolerant, he did not punish us.
When we have done the little things that were big, and after me, there was a brother, and that
brother was for my father something extraordinary. And when I wanted something, not me the
girls, the three girls, when they wanted something that my mother denied, or that they knew
she was going to accept, they ran to see when dad was coming back to tell him what they
wanted, for him to save them from my mom’s punishment (chuckles).
My father was a believer. He woke up in the morning, and it was from his young age that he
was accustomed to wake up very early to say the Tephillah before going to work. And there
was a moment when he almost lost it because he had the whole family helping. I don’t know
how they lived at that time because my mother had a sister that was 20 years older than her,
and that sister almost did not help, called aunty Estesh, and that sister, my mother told us, has
fallen in love with her husband that she had and that the grandfather, her father, did not like
him. He said that this man was going to always be poor, and he did not want it (I guess the
sister to marry him) but she insisted that this was the man that had to be, and she married him,
and the day she got married my mom was born. See, they had 20 years of difference. I do not
know. I remember this and I wonder how this could be.
We did not know anything about Spain. It was like a dream. But nothing, no. We were in
Greece in Salonica; we had our synagogues, well, in the house we continued talking in Spanish,
but in the street… that too, that too, it was something intriguing. The Greek had already
entered, and when getting on the trolley car, and we could not hear speaking but Spanish, until
the Greek decided that this could not continue being like this, and they pass a law that any
Spanish-Greek person, had the obligation to send their children, at least the first six classes, to
a Greek school. The French high school started to get many hours of Greek to have, to have the
right to continue working. And the other two sisters, one of them, interesting, two sister I had,
and the youngest, this is the picture, the youngest one and the other spoke French very well,
and they continued. But there was one who was not interested, she only knew to embroider, to
saw, those things, but to study, nothing, the only one. I do not find a picture of her, but she was
very beautiful, she was something perfect, the one that looked like my mom, could be even
more beautiful.
And life in the morning, there was a man who passed by selling things, and he had things
hanging here, selling… do you know what Salec is? No. I remember (chuckles) that is a hot
liquid (beverage) and this man passed by and said “Salec chip” and we all ran; mom did not
want it, she wanted to give us her morning food but we were “the salec chip”(laughs)
My father, my father had the biggest stationary store in Salonica, and there was a moment
that the French ordered from France, and he went there and talked to them, and he took it and
constructed on top and had the stationary store and he had everything, everything, the
furnicia (maybe letterhead?) from the French high school, the furnicia of everyone, and always
when there was one in the family who almost, almost was thrown to the stones, was that when
there was one in the family who wanted it, he would took them and would pay them, he would
employ them.
And my father and my mother went to Paris with my brother, thinking that he would like Paris
and that he would stay there to study there, but my brother had fun in Paris, but stayed there
not at all, my brother said that he would not leave my father’s profession, and my father was
older then, and it was my brother who was in charge.
We lived in a house, he had his own room with a small balcony, and we, the two of us, had a
room, and the other had another one; it was a big house, enormous. At the end, there was a
bathroom, a bathroom and then the bathroom was a mess because there was not hot water,
and if you would like, you would bring logs, and burn them so that you could have hot water.
I always liked to read a lot. And as soon as they gave us the list of books from the high school,
from that school year, I remember that the book of Suaf, I enclosed myself in my room and in
two, in two afternoons I read it all, so that when they asked a question in class, I already knew it
all. And then, one thing that I had was that I was very, very, very good in math and you know
the weakness of all levels is math, and when we all left math class, I had the whole class on top
and as I said it was something.
The synagogue, look, the women and I, we never went to the synagogue, either did my
mother, but when it was Kapoor, the celebration of the children, I would be all day and my
mother was at home, naturally she did not eat, and there was a synagogue closer and she sent
us so when it was to be the Shofar for her to start ascending, I remember, we came back
running saying mama, mama, the Shofar now. Then, she started to get ready, to start the fire
and start to make the soup, and my father as I was born in Kapoor, that it was my birthday, in
terni?? as they were he would first go to the Serea part, buy candy and would bring it because
of my birthday.
My mother woke up early, got dressed and sat down in the kitchen, and she (chuckles) I
remembered that we laughed a lot about this, and the guy in the butcher shop would come
and “What are you going to eat, madam?” “this and that” sometimes he would bring another
thing, “and what’s this?” “This is that it comes really good, and the “maestro” himself, (the
maestro was the butcher shop owner) the Maestro himself, he took it to his house.” And she
looked and if she agreed it was fine, but if she did not, she would say (laughs) look boy, this is
so good that you can tell your maestro (laughs) to take it to his house and you bring me what I
asked for. And the boy would go back and bring what she had ordered…can you imagine that
now?
It was a life completely different. You cannot imagine. It was another thing, another world.
Lives
From Salonica to Spain
The life of Mrs. Pipano
Chapter two
R. The childhood and the innocent happiness almost absolute, began to be part of the past as
winds of war will soon scourge Salonica, and the city that goes through the blue eyes of Angèle
Naar, the maiden name of Mrs. Pipano will never be the same.
The End of a World
A. My husband, I cannot say that he was handsome, but he was good looking. He has made
courses in Germany. He educated in a school of Germany nobles. No one knew he was Jewish.
It was such a very, very, very different education than the one we had in Salonica, that when he
came to Salonica he found out, I do not know because I have not met him, but it might have
been a terrible thing for him. The uncle who was protecting him, who had a wife, his uncle
complotted against English?? and they were going to be caught and they escaped. They
escaped to reside in Argentina. For me it was a very big mistake not to have him go with them
to Argentina but having sent him back to Salonica.
He never told me why he stayed, why he stayed in Athens, in Salonica, and did not go to
Argentina with his uncle. I don’t know. Because he could not stay in his father’s house longer. It
turns out that my father-in-law was a 100% chair. A brother of my mother-in-law was a rabbi in
Salonica Han David Pipano. My husband told me that when Hitler was driving down the street,
students laughed at him, they did not like him. It was later that things changed. And, of course,
my husband was in a school of German Nobles, he was five or six years there, it was not one or
two years, and when he came back to Salonica, what I know, I can only imagine the difference
that can be between one thing and another. As soon as he came, they told me, he was taken to
the military service and, of course, and his father was a believer, he was a practitioner, and his
steps in the synagogue were taken as the service, and he was taken as a military service; but he
and a friend of his went outside with girls and came back singing in the morning and it was
noticeable, and I do not know because I, then, I was in school (chuckles) I was studying piano,
imagine that!
How did I meet him? my father… what a shame he did not do it, my father dreamt about
establishing in Israel. He went twice to see. And he bought something there and came back.
Menawhile, my husband’s family had established in Piraeus and, but my husband who was
young at the time did not want to leave with his parents, but he took a room next to them and
went to eat with them and my father, who knew my father-in-law very well because they saw
each other at the synagogue and all that, passed by and -my father-in-law- invited him, and he
(father) saw that there was a young boy who could marry and he arranged for this young man
to come with the brother-in-law for us to get to meet each other and that is how we met.
Well, he came with the brother-in-law to Salonica, and we met, and we wrote to each other.
He came here and I went there too, until we decided to get married. And the wedding was in
Piraeus, I think it was more Galicians than Jewish in my wedding. I had a very beautiful dress,
long and all. And when my son was born, I wanted to give birth at my mom’s, I did not want to
do it in Athens, because Athens had great doctors, but I wanted to do it at my mother’s. I went
to my mother’s, and I gave birth there and…
R. At home itself?
A. Excuse me?
R. At home?
A. At home itself. We had a doctor who was very well known, a French woman who was
a doctor, and it was them the ones who helped me. It was not then like it is nowadays.
In Salonica after giving birth, you would stay home, you had very good quilts
embroidered and, because now you stand up the same day, but at that time no, you
stayed home for I do not know how many days. And I remember about something very
much, that my father entered, and my sister came and said to my father, “dad...” I do not
know what she had said, and on the other side, in the room I gave birth, there was a
cradle and my little son was there, my baby and my brother was there and said “Angèle,
look at your son, he already did it, he already passed a gas, he is…” and I can
remember very well, I have the image in front of my eyes. (Chuckles)
No, the Germans were not there. There were no Germans entirely and we lived in
Athens.
R. Around 1942, the city of Mrs. Pipano had a population of about 60,000 and a rich
cultural and commercial life, On April 9th of that year, the Nazis arrived in Salonica,
commanded by Adolf Eichmann. Angèle Pipano already lives in Athens.
A. Well, that way we lived and then we left for Athens, where we got in the middle of the
war. There was a fatality, a thing that, because, you see, we lived, you know it, right?
R. yes
A. We have gone to live in Athens, and in Athens, well, there was first in Greece, there
was, at the port of Piraeus, there was an English missiles boat, the Germans attacked it
and everything went up in the air, everything, everything, everything, the whole city
became like a flame and, of course, we lived on a third floor and everything with the
glasses, marble stairs. Well, to come down those stairs with my baby in my arms and
my husband by my side, I do not know how we did it but there was not refuge. We hid
downstairs in the basement, and we stayed there all night until it finished, until they
gave the end and we had nowhere to go. All the houses have gone up in the air, all the
glass was broken, the doors were broken, so my husband said “there is no solution, we
have to go where my family is”.
R. The Pipano’s start to suffer the fear and persecution, although they are trying to
maintain, by all means, an impossible normal life, that Angèle will continue telling us in
the next chapter.
Lives
From Salonica to Spain
The life of Mrs. Pipano
Chapter three
R. Angèle Pipano said that in Salonica, in Athens, at that point there was a little they
knew about the destiny of the European Jewish. The Pipano family will have to go
through many things before getting to know the tragic consequences of the Nazi terror,
a terror that is already affecting them in their survival live.
War Times
A. The mother and I thought he was crazy. A Jewish presenting himself to the German
Command, he is crazy. And he comes back and starts telling that as soon as he came in
and he sat down, “Religion?” “I do not have religion”. And you sit in front of a German,
what he is saying is that he is German. That wanted to go big that he wanted to see.
“Raul what are you doing here?” It was one that he had met in Germany. He said
“come, come we need to talk.” And the only thing that he had said to him was “look that
yours will have a bad time, do not stay in Europe. Go away”. He is telling us this with an
older woman who does not speak but our Spanish, with a little boy, but a boy, where can
you go? What are we going to do? What can we do? Nothing. Be what God wants. And
one day at noon, we were at the table eating and we saw through the window, it was a
second floor, a car stopped, and my husband came running “hurry, hurry. Pick up what
you can, that we are leaving. Hurry hurry!” What can we..? We gave the girl what
belonged to her and her bed and some other things and she left. And we picked up, in a
hurry, a big suitcase that we had, that he had brought from Germany, we packed the
clothes and we left.
It was a Greek town, everything that, you don’t know what it was a Greek town, it was
horrible. But in that town there was a natural cave where we could hide. A cave, well.
My husband no, my husband had to cross Athens every day and go to Piraeus where
he had his job. And we stayed there one or two days, but he already knew that I did not,
that it was not right. Crossing Athens ran into a friend, and he had told him “you know
how desperate I am. Downtown Athens I have an apartment on a second floor, very
pretty that they will take it away because I am not married, I do not have kids” “Where is
that”, my husband said (chuckles). “Show it to me”, he said, stood up and next day we
were there.
Sometimes I think about this, and I tell myself, is this possible? We were going, no?, in
the middle of the square, we met in front there was a café, we met there all the friends,
we had a friend who was married to a German woman. This German woman was a little
naive, a little… and he picked on her a lot. See he said the German woman did this or
that and she was like “I did not …” and we laughed. And we couldn’t, she, when the
Germans, she got scared because they were a single couple and they had a marvelous
floor, she got scared that they were going to take it away. So, she went to the German
command, and she had said that she wanted to take care of a German soldier, and they
gave her a German officer who had a room in her house, so we could not go there. But
they came by, and they spent time, and they spent time and we had coffee and then he
made signals to the girl and she prepared us something, she would come and they
stayed until, 11 was the curfew, at 10:45, 10:40 they would leave, because they lived
near. And see, when we escaped to go to Athens, she sat down next to her husband for
everything to be ok.
R. The Pipanos could not continue in the city. A Greek friend offered them a hiding place
in the mountains.
A. This house, do you know where is was at? Where the king went with the queen for
the burial of the mother, but a little further down. And, well, they took us home, their
home, there was another family that was helping their sister that were neighbors, there
were two families, we were there. And a law came out that any person helping a Jewish
is considered himself as a Jewish. And the two brothers came, and my husband said,
“look, if there is danger, I leave, I do not want to…” “and you think that I am leaving you
like that?” When it was nighttime and it was so dark that you could not see the tip of
your nose, we all took many things I went up the mountain. Up in the mountain, there
were two cabins: one little one for us and the other one for the other family. I did not
want to go to that cabin, but the best moments of my life were spent there.
We did not have any contact with the town. In front we had the trees. That man had a
couple who took care of the farm. That couple prepared the bread and when she
prepared it she brought it up to us and the two men went down to the city and went to
buy what we needed and they came back. One day, they were seen by a woman who
was from Greece, who was from Salonica. She waited for them and said to them. “Look
you are being terribly reckless, you go to talk to, like they are the town, but your hands
or anything of yours shows that with this, look if you would like to talk, you can come to
my house.” But she gave them a time because “in my house I have a German soldier,
and you cannot come at any time”. She gave them a time, and they went and talked.
One night I saw that the fire is not starting, and without thinking much, I took it and I
went to the other side. To the other side is in front of the town, there was a high flame,
and then I noticed it and took soil and put it out and ran. And there was one from the
town “what are doing here this time, you have come” nothing my husband replied and
my husband, we came, the weather is nice and we are going to spend some days there
and then we leave. “but who are you fooling? Not your hand, or nothing, nothing,
everything sells you out”. Besides my mother in law had not been feeling good, she said
that her arm was hurting, that she was going to die and that this was what we were
wishing for, that she died because she was already old, “but mom,” said my husband
“do not say those thing, it is that we cannot bring the doctor”, there was nothing we
could do. It was what she wanted. And he went and brought her a doctor that had a
village there up the mountain, the doctor saw her and said she did not have anything,
that she had caught a cold and had a pain in the arm, and he thought about it and said
to us “look, if you would like spend the winter here, up to now you have been lucky.
Here when it is winter the cold is so cold that you cannot even breathe. You need to
make a lot of remodeling”. Well, he left, and we stayed there thinking, until the time
came, and we escaped. And, and, and I really think that from heaven we were receiving
help because the day we escaped we had a car and there were cars in Athens that
travelled days A and days B and this car did not have a day, and to go to Athens we
needed to go through a post of German command, when we went through, the German
stopped us, but look, I will never forget about this!!, that just at that moment that the
German was telling is to get out, (sound of sirens) ALERT, the English were coming to
attack up there, the German got scared and left first and then we went to Athens. We
were so happy that we started to scream the English, the English and my son who was
little said to me, “can I say my name now?” We had told him we call him Nico… what
was his name? I don’t know a Greek name we had, and his name was Nico, his name
was not Aaron.
R. In the Holocaust zone, it affected especially 50,000 Jewish from Salonica, between
March and April of 1943, more than 40,000 were deported to Osbits, Biter Nau. Only
1,00 came back to Salonica after the war. In the next chapter Angèle Pipano will talk to
us about the destiny of her family, and how, besides everything, decided to continue
with her life.
Lives
From Salonica to Spain
The life of Mrs. Pipano
Chapter Four
A. We knew that something bad was happening but at this point no, no. When I saw
Germans coming through Athens, we invited them home, they told things but no,
especially I remember this young man, a good one, who came through Athens and he
went to escape to London, and he said to us, “look, if you hear from me is because I am
alive, but if you don’t hear from me, is that it did not go as planned”. And we did not hear
from him again. The last time we were at my parents, we went calmly on a train, and we
came back home, but they stayed and they left, they left all together, my brother helping
them because he was the youngest, and my sister too, and they never came back
again. They did not come back again, you can’t imagine how… look I have the pictures,
I am missing the picture of a sister that I cannot find. And sometimes I think, I am doing
wrong I should take them all down in order not to think, but how can you think? I was
the oldest, we all got along very well, there was, when my son was born, there was a
party, I wanted to have my son at my mother’s and people from Athens came. We did a
big party in my father’s house, and we were all dancing, I remember, I remember my
brother the next day when everything calmed down my son was in the cradle with the
hands like this, and there is an expression in Salonica that says, “that idiot is cute, three
days and he gave up”. And my brother, it was the first time he had seen a boy being
born, and he entered the room, and he was playing with this baby, and he said to me,
“you know, that idiot is cute!!” he was with the hands up, it is what I remember.
Two entire months passed, and we came back to Athens and they went to their destiny.
R. The escape is imposed. The contact with the family has been lost. Almost everything
has been lost except the desire to continue fighting for their lives. From Greece to
Smyrna, From Alepo to Israel. Days of escape, of separations and goodbyes forever.
The Escape
A. We left that cabin and go down to Athens. We crossed the German post that left and came
to Athens. Athens, we had that Greek friend, but he could not take us to his house because his
house had a German soldier, so he took us to his father’s house and the mother made, she
prepared a plate of mac for all of us, and she gave us a bed where we lie down; the father was
sick, but he wanted to say hello and gave us a blessing poor guy I remember, and we left, and
we left and the two brothers have chosen a corner where we could leave to because it was not
the first time that we were leaving, the first time we left did not go well. It was the second one,
and in that corner, we went…
R. On a boat?
A. On a boat. On a boat we left for the Turkish Coast. There is a place where you
leave, and you do this, and you are already in Turkey. But with the requirement that
they don’t see you. If they see you, they will send you back with the boat. Well, the
boat didn’t, first the boat was, I don’t know what was it…ah, the soldiers came and
put us in a room, waiting for the next day. The next day, they did not ask us to send
the boat, and the children were hungry, the boat had left with the food. What to do,
what to do. My husband came to, they could not show money, we were in the hands
of the soldiers, my husband takes off his coat and says, “this is for food, take it and
put bread in it” to the Turkish and he brought us bread. And we gave it to the, there
were three children, two of the neighbors and one mine. And the next day we started
walking.
We got some donkeys, for their two children and the one, ours, and one for my motherin-law, those children next to each other, not even a word. Quiet on top of the donkeys
until we arrived. But my mother-in-law, did not want a donkey, she was scared. We
walked two days and two nights like that. We arrived at Smyrna with a sensation of dirt
of Smyrna, I do not know if it is true or not but when they say Smyrna to me is like they
are calling me dirty. And we went up, went up with a terrible cold weather, and we
passed the frontier, and we are already in England, wants to say in …
R. Was there sitting?
A. occupied.
We are sitting down there, we are tired, we do not want to go down. One of them come
up speaking our Spanish, “what are you doing here. The weather is very good, there is
sun. And it is going to take time. They are fixing the machine”. We did not know what
was happening, We came down, the train left and we stayed.
R. So it was a trick.
A. It was a trick for us to stay, because the English were never going to give us
permission.
R. Where was the train going, Angèle? Where was the train going to?
A. The train went to, it went down and cross and you went in seat??
R. Like many, the Pipano’s finally got to evade the capacity and the surveillance of the
English to start a new life in Israel.
A. I got near the woman and I am saying to her, and I am telling her, “look, we do not
want anything, we would like to work and to live until things change” “ah, it is that what
you want, so for you, the one thing that I see is the Kibbutz” and I assure that there are
people who speak bad, but the best days I spent in Israel were in Kibbutz. The people
were very nice, if you are in accordance with your job, no one bothers you. On the
contrary, they help you. They came next to me when I was working, they put me in the
ruins because there was a laborer who did not know how to do anything and they sat
down next to me and said “look, this im Hebrew is said this way, this in Hebrew is said
like this this.”. But at the beginning my boy did not feel well, he came back crying, until
he got friends.
R. From the Kibbutz, the Pipano’s go to live in the city. They get near Telaviv and years
later come to live in Spain, but here or there, Angèle Pipano’s nostalgies, always come
back to her childhood, her family, her Salonica, and to that sad destiny that does not
exist any longer.
A. I did not know anything. I was thinking about my family, I did not know anything of
what might have happened to them, and then, well, I got to know that they were all
killed, that they have hurt them, and that there was yet one person in Israel, who I think
lived in Jerusalem. This man knew how to play violin, I think he was a musician, and
because he knew how to play violin, they put him in the morning to play while the rest of
them woke up and were taken to work. And that man was saved. I had a friend in the
embassy who told me that. But I have not seen him. And those people, everyone, I don’t
know, I don’t know, said too many things. They told me that my brother and a little sister
that I had, that they were alive, in the freedom. But when they started to ear, they had
died. This was what they told me. I don’t know. There are many that go to see. I did
never want to go.
It is a memory because I did not imagine that it was the last time I was going to see
them, what was going to happen. What happened was that we sent them an Italian
soldier because my husband had worked with Italians before, and he had their boss
who was a very good friend of his. He said “look, I can give you a soldier to save three
people, that he can bring with him, but it cannot be more than three people”. When he
went, this, this, I don’t know, what my father thought he did not accept. He did not
accept because not everyone accepted, because they thought, if control came and
asked where they are at, they are going to catch us all. But it was not fair because these
soldiers came, wanted to take three people, that’s it, they did not want to, they went to
another family, and in this family, there were youngsters and the fathers accepted and
those youngsters are still alive. They made a mistake.
My brother wanted to escape. He came twice to Athens to escape with the English;
slept at night and he woke up in the morning and came back to Salonica. Why?
Because he said “I cannot leave his father alone with the women”, and he left, and they
left and everyone told me that my brother and a little sister that I have, poor girl, was
very in love of a classmate of hers and they were thinking about getting married and, of
course, and they told me that they were alive in the freedom, him and that sister, but as
soon as they started eating they died.
Remembering
R. Mrs. Pipano remembers from her house in Madrid that she had guests in her house,
she had prepared an aromatic coffee, served in small porcelain cups as delicate as she
was. Her son Aaron is in United States and her with friends who, every time they can,
they go and visit her like Eliette y Niersalon who have helped us so much to learn the
story of an exceptional woman as it is Angèle Pipano.
A. Now I am ok in Spain, but I cannot see Salonica again. It is over. It is a long trip and I
wanted to go to Salonica, but they told me that it had changed very much. They have
made remodeling, there was a square that I remember very well, the Tour Blache that
we called it, No I cannot anymore, I would love Salonica
R. It is incredible
A. It was a city of Jewish. The Greek learned Spanish to be able to work…
Lives
From Salonica to Spain
The life of Mrs. Pipano
Chapter Five
R. The past August 13th, Mrs. Pipano passed away who was born in Salonica and that Radio
Sepharad had the opportunity to interview for their session of Vital Testimonies. If you would
like to listen to the rest enter the archives page, write Pipano, and enjoy the narration of this
protagonist of a piece of the Sephardic history.