FIRST AID EMERGENCIES
6. Blisters
DRSABC:
● Danger
● Responsiveness
● Send
● Airway
● Breathing
● Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
7. Scalds and burns- skin wounds
caused by contact with a hot
liquid or heat
Cardiopulmonary Resusciationprocedure that could potentially save
lives especially when done properly.
>consists of a process called CAB
● C- compression
● A-airway
● B- breathing
First Aid- aims to provide immediate
care to the injured victims, alleviate
pain, minimize further injuries, provide
safety to the injured victims and prolong
life.
COMMON INJURIES / ILNESSESS
OUTDOORS
1. Cuts, Scrapes, Punctures
2. Sprain- caused by a stretched or
torn ligament
3. Strain- caused by twisting or
pulling a muscle or tendon
4. Fracture- breakage in the bone
5. Concussions- caused by a blow
to the head or neck
ILLNESSES COMMONLY
EXPERIENCED OUTDOORS
8. Fever- temporary increase in
body temperature
9. Headache- caused by lack of
protective eyewear from the sun’s
rays
10. Altitude sickness- occurs
because of the body’s ability to
transition to higher altitudes out
spaces the rate of ascent
11. Hyperthermia- when the body
creates nor consumes more heat
than it can expel (rise in
temperature)
12. Heat cramps- common during
strenuous exercise in hot weather
13. Hypothermia- due to wet, cold,
windy climate. Happens when the
temperature is below 35 degrees
DIVING RELATED SICKNESS
1. Barotrauma- caused by pressure
variations between the air-filled
cavities of the body
Hazards- defined as things capable of
causing harm to an individual
Risks- defined as the probability of
attaining awareness or understanding of
the potential damage
2. Decompression sickness- also
known as DCS is a severed
deep-water diving injury
ENVIRONMENTA HAZARDS AND
INJURIES
Poisoned plants- produces sticky
substance called urushiol that triggers
an allergic reaction
>poison oak, ivy, and sumac are
common plants that are poisonous
Leeches- found in many forested
mountains, latches firmly on the skin
and sucks blood.
Snake bites- the defensive instinct to
attack people and produce a venom
Drowning- major causes of death in the
philippines. Can occur during outdoor
recreational activities
Lightning strike- electric discharge
between atmospheres and the ground.
Originates in a cumulonimbus cloud
called clout to ground lightning
Risk management- includes listing out
all the hazards and risks to reduce their
occurrence during an activity
Humans as a source of hazardthreats come from participants or the
activity organizers
● Age- young or old
● Lack of skills and physical fitness
● Lack of awareness
● Estabilishing unrealistic
expectations
Equipments as a source of hazardfaulty equipments including tools, gears,
clothing, and footwear
Environment as a source of hazardincludes environmental conditions such
as harsh weather conditions, extreme
temperatures, altitude, terrain, water
quality…
OUTDOOR RECREATION
PHYSICAL HEALTH BENEFITS
● Benefitical to physical health
PSYCHOLOGICAL AND EMOTIONAL
BENEFITS
● Provide relaxation and help
rejuvenate people
● Acts as destressors
SOCIAL BENEFITS
● A way to bond with family
members and loved ones
ECONOMIC SECTOR
● Creates job opportunities and
prompts other economic activities
that contribute to the country’s
economic growth.
SPIRITUAL BENEFITS
● Enhances spiritual values
LAND
● Mountaineering- climbing a
mountain
● Hiking/ Trekking- long walks
along footpaths, trails or wild
natural environment
● Backpacking- traveling while
carrying belongings on one’s
back
● Bird-watching- walking into a
natural habitat to observe birds
● Mountain biking- off-road
cycling in rough terrains
● Orienteering- navigating with a
map and compass
● Canyoneering- trekking through
a canyon and jumping into a
fast-flowing mountain stream
● Rock Climbing- climbing across
a natural rock formation
WATER
● Swimming- moving through
water by the use of entire body
● Snorkeling- involves breathing a
tube underwater
● Diving- descending below the
water’s surfaces to interact with
the environment
● Surfing- riding and breaking
waves of water using surfboard
● Canoeing- paddling a canoe on
lakes, streams, and rivers
● Kayaking- using a kayak to
move across water
AIR
● Parasailing- gliding through air
with a parachute
● Skydiving- experiencing free fall
and landing using a parachute
● Paragliding- uses a unique
canopy that resembles a
parachute when jumping out of
an aircraft
SEVEN PRINCIPLES OF LEAVE NO
TRACE
>rules that guide people so that they
would plan, prepare, and go on
adventures
1. Plan ahead and prepare
2. Travel and camp on durable
surfaces
3. Dispose of waste properly at
appropriate places
4. Leave what you find and do not
carry them
5. Minimize campfire impacts and
be careful with fire
6. Respect wildlife
7. Be considerate of other visitors
visiting the place