SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL 1
1. The organelle which eliminates water from the body of protozoa is A. plasma membrane
B. contractile vacuole C. cell wall D. nucleus
2. In insects, the structure that performs the same function as the kidney in man is the A.
nephridium B. flame cell C. Malpighian tubule D. trachea
3. The excretory structure in earthworm is the A. Malpighian tubule B. nephridium C. kidney
D. flame cell
4. Flame cells are the A. excretory systems of worms B. excretory and respiratory systems of
flatworms C. excretory systems of flatworms D. secretory systems of flatworms
5. Which of these is a waste product of an insect? A. alkaloids B. uric acid C. sweat D.
Mucilage
6. Excess water in plants is excreted as water vapour and droplets respectively through A.
transpiration and guttation B. respiration and guttation C. photosynthesis and guttation D.
guttation and condensation
7. Which of the following is not an excretory organ? A. kidney B. skin C. leaf D. large
intestine
8. Which of the following waste products in plants is excreted through the stomata and
lenticels? A. carbon dioxide B. alkaloids C. tannins D. anthocyanins
9. Which of the following is responsible for the removal of excess water in human? A. small
intestine B. kidney C. spleen D. bladder
*10. The urinary tubule of the kidney function through A. ultra filtration and selective
reabsorption B. osmosis and diffusion C. active transport and osmosis D. active transport
and cytoplasmic strand
11. The change which occurs during ecological succession is A. sudden B. rapid C.
gradual D. no change
12. The pioneer community include any of the following except A. spirogyra B. water
weeds C. trees D. lichen
13. All these except one serves as the basis of primary succession A. already colonized
habitat B. bare ground C. bare body of water D. bare rock
14. The following except one are false about secondary succession A. starts on a bare
surface B. It is slow C. starts with fairly complex organism D. takes longer time to reach
climax community
15. One of these is a pioneer organism. A. Lichen B. Liverwort C. Conifer D. Grass
16. The following except one results from food shortage A. Competition B. Reduced
mortality rate C. Emigration D. Increased mortality rate.
17. Food shortage makes the population size A. increase B. decrease C. stabilize D.
fluctuate
18. Food storage results in A. stability of price B. Natural disaster C. high natality rate D.
overpopulation
19. These are methods of storing and preserving food except A. Silos B. barns C.
refrigeration D. Marketing.
20. These are forms of adaptation to avoid overcrowding except A. Pairing B.Territoriality C.
Swarming D. Canopy
21. Which of the following is not classified as a terrestrial habitat? A. forest B. guinea
savanna C. literal zone D. desert
22. The activities of an organism which affect the survival of another organism in a habitat
can be described as A. biotic factors. B. Abiotic factors C. climatic factor D.
edaphic factors.
23. The number of individuals of the same species interacting in a habitat at a particular time
is best described as A. community B. ecosystem C. population D. biome.
24. A biotic community with its physical environment (abiotic factors) defines A. ecosystem
B. population C. habitat D. biosphere.
25. The most abundant gas in the atmosphere is A. oxygen B. nitrogen C. carbon
dioxide D. a rare gas.
26. How is savanna plants protected from bush fires? They have A. sunken stomata B. thorn
bark C. thick barks D. soft leaves
27. Which of the following limiting resources is competed for by organisms in the desert?
A. Light B. oxygen C. temperature D. water
28. Which of these is not a true characteristic of the tropical rain forest? A. Vegetation
consists predominantly of tall tree with thick canopy B. forest is rich in epiphytes and
0
climbers C. annual rainfall is less than 100 cm D. annual temperature is 27 c
29. Which of the following does not describe the coniferous forest? A. needle leaved
evergreen conifers B. broad leaved evergreen conifers C. possessing few trees
D. possessing cool temperate climate
30. Montane vegetation is described by the following except A. treeless marshy vegetation B.
evergreen rainforest on slopes of mountain C. forest are less luxuriant than tropical rain
forest D. afro alpine vegetation at heights above 300m on mountain
31. Climatic factors in an ecosystem include the following except A. light B. wind C.
temperature D. Oxygen.
32. Organic part of abiotic component of an ecosystem includes the following except
A. water B. carbohydrate C. Protein d) Lipids
33. The ratio of population size to the area of the habitat is called
A. population size
B. population density
C. population frequency D. population cover.
34. Habitat factors include all the following except A. biotic B. abiotic C. edaphic D. nature.
35. The total number of organisms of the same species in a habitat at a particular time is
called A. population B. community C. census D. all of the above
36. The ultimate source of energy in nature is A. green plants B. moon C. star D. sun
37. The usable form of energy in animals is A. chemical energy B. kinetic energy
C. potential energy D. ATP
38. Available to photosynthetic plants is ________ of the solar energy. A. 1-5% B. 2-5%
C. 5-15% D. 1-10%
39. The study of the relationship between heat energy and other forms of energy is
called_____________. A. thermodynamics B. thermocouple C. thermosetting D. all of
the above
40. Energy can neither be created nor destroyed but can only be changed from one form to
another This refers to the
A. first law of thermodynamics B. second law of
thermodynamics C. third law of thermodynamics
D. none of the above
41. A ____ relationship is one in which one member of the association benefits A. parasitic
B. symbiotic C. saprophytic D. mutualistic
42. Tick feeds on A. blood B. water C. skin D. body
43. The word commensal means A. sharing B. dividing C. scattering D. loving
44. Chemicals secreted by inhibitors is called ____ A. biotics B. inhibitors C. a mensal
D. alchemic
45. ____ consists of algae and fungi A. Lichen B. Bacteria C. Virus D. Fungi
46. The distribution of plants in a rain forest is governed mainly by ……..(a) amount of
sunlight (b) rainfall pattern (c) soil type (d) vegetation
47. 2. The turbidity of a water body can be measured using (a) hygrometer (b) light
meter (c) rain gauge (d) secchi disc
48. 3. The number of organisms of a particular species is termed ………(a) community (b)
ecosystem (c) synecology (d) population
49. 4. All these are ecological factors affecting all habitats except ……(a) humidity (b)
rainfall (c) temperature (d) wind
50. 5. Which of the following world biomes is strictly mountain vegetation? (a) Afroalpine (b) deciduous forest (c) Mangrove (d) savanna.
51. A domestic fowl belongs to (a) omnivores (b) quaternary consumer (c) primary consumer
(d) secondary consumer (e) tertiary consumer.
52. Some gaseous products of decomposition include all of these except (a) ammonium
Chloride (b) carbon (iv) oxide (c) ammonium (d) hydrogen sulphide (e) hydrogen oxide.
53. Buoyancy in salt water is ensured by the following except A. divided leaves B.
chlorophyll C. floating devices D. air bladder
54. 2.
The mucilaginous cover in sea weed and spirogyra is mainly for A. protection
B. osmoregulation C. avoiding desiccation D. feeding
55. 3.
stream
Which of the following is not a fresh water habitat? A. puddle B. swamp C.
D. sea
56. 4.
Which of these is not an adaptive feature in a marine habitat? A. bladder for
floating B. hold fast for attachment C. fur to prevent water loss
D.
rhizoid for attachment to rock
57. 5.
The following are characteristics of fresh water habitats except A. low salt
content B. high salinity C. shallow water D. can be stagnant or running water
58. Marsh is a ……… flooded and waterlogged (a) highland
(b) lowland (c) island (d)
mountain
59. Marsh is described as a ……… when trees grow there (a) swamp (b) forest
(c) puddle (d) desert
60. Dominant plants in the forest are (a) grasses (b) shrubs (c) trees (d) vegetables
61. An examples of forest plants’ parasite is (a) orchid (b) mosses (c) liverwort
(d) mistletoe
62. The plants of the forests are described as (a)hydrophytes (b)mesophytes
(c) xerophytes (d) neophytes
63. Which of the following processes removes water from the water cycle? (a)
Condensation (b) Perspiration (c) Photosynthesis (d) Transpiration.
64. 2. What type of energy causes water to evaporate from the hydrosphere (a)
mechanical energy (b) chemical energy (c) solar energy (d) hydro-electric power.
65. 3. Water is returned to the atmosphere from animals through the following processes
except (a) excretion (b) respiration (c) condensation (d) perspiration.
66. 4. When organisms die, water returns to the atmosphere by (a) decay (b) sweating (c)
respiration (d) condensation.
67. 5. Atmosphere gains carbon through the following processes except (a) Photosynthesis
(b) Decay (c) Respiration (d) Volcano
68.
Legumes incorporate nitrogen gas into their proteins because (a). of the presence of
Azotobacterial in their roots (b) they posses root nodules containing Rhizobium (c) they
have a well-developed root system (d) they are autotrophic.
69. Thunderstorm can be beneficial to plants because (a) it kills the pest that attacks crops
(b) it destroys some of the major crops (c) it adds nitrate to the soil (d) it makes rain water
available to plants.
70. Which of the following is responsible for the conversion of nitrites to nitrates? (a)
Denitrifying bacteria (b) Nitrifying bacteria (c) Lightening (d) Fungi.
71. Which of the following is a nitrifying bacterium? (a) Nitrobacter (b) Rhizobium (c)
Azotobacterial (d) Nitrosomonas.
72. Bacteria inhabiting legume root nodules and which add atmospheric nitrogen to the soil
are referred to as (a) denitrifying bacteria (b) nitrifying bacteria (c) nitrogen-fixing
bacteria (d) nitrogen putrefying bacteria.
73. The unfavourable alteration of environment due to the addition of impurities is A.
pollution B. pollutant C. global warming D. poisoning
74. These are causes of water pollution except A. Insects B. Fertilizers C. Sewage D.
Petroleum.
75. Which of the following air pollutant depletes the ozone layer?
A. Oxides of sulphur
B. Carbon dioxide C. Dust D. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC)
76. These are the effects of noise except A.
Calmness B. Anxiety C. Short temper D.
High blood pressure.
77. Which of the following pollutants cause suffocation?
A. CO2 B. No2 C. CFC D.
sewage.
78. The planned use of natural resources to ensure the continuous availability is A.
Preservation B. Conservation C. Storage D. Exploitation.
79. 2. These are examples of renewable natural resources except A. Rain B. Petroleum C.
Plants D. Soil
80. 3. The following are agencies for conservation except A. FEPA B. RBDA C. Ministry
of Agriculture D. VMA
81. Borgo game reserve can be found in A. Abia B. Benue C. Niger D. Anambra
82. The following farm practices lead to depletion of soil nutrients except A. Bush
fallowing B. Shifting cultivation C. Continuous cropping D. Crop rotation
83.
Lichen are made up of two organisms, they are A. algae and fungi B. algae and bacteria
C. fungi and bacteria D. protozoa and algae.
84. 2. Bacteria in the rumen of ruminants is an association called A. symbiosis B.
parasitism C. predation D. competition.
85. 3. The minimum temperature limit for most animals is A. 0 C B. -10 C C. 5 C D. -10 C.
86. 4. The following abiotic factors are responsible for geographical boundaries except A.
o
o
o
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Light intensity B. Rainfall C. Temperature D. Competition.
87. 5. An example of a plant parasite is A. Venus B. mistletoe C. cactus D. xerophyte
88. Buoyancy in salt water is ensured by the following except A. divided leaves B.
chlorophyll C. floating devices D. air bladder.
89. The mucilaginous cover in sea weed and spirogyra is mainly for A. protection B.
osmoregulation C. avoiding desiccation D. feeding.
90. Which of the following is not a fresh water habitat? A. puddle B. swamp C. stream D.
sea.
91. Which of these is not an adaptive feature in a marine habitat? A. bladder for floating B.
hold fast for attachment C. fur to prevent water loss D. rhizoid for attachment to rocks.
92. The following are characteristics of fresh water habitats except A. low salt content B.
high salinity C. shallow water D. can be stagnant or running water.
93. Buoyancy in salt water is ensured by the following except A. divided leaves B.
chlorophyll C. floating devices D. air bladder
94. 2.
The mucilaginous cover in sea weed and spirogyra is mainly for A. protection
B. osmoregulation C. avoiding desiccation D. feeding
95. 3.
stream
Which of the following is not a fresh water habitat? A. puddle B. swamp C.
D. sea
96. 4.
Which of these is not an adaptive feature in a marine habitat? A. bladder for
floating B. hold fast for attachment C. fur to prevent water loss
D.
rhizoid for attachment to rock
97. 5.
The following are characteristics of fresh water habitats except A. low salt
content B. high salinity C. shallow water D. can be stagnant or running water
Biology is a subject concerned with the study of ____ (a) living things (b) non-living things (c)
living and non-living things (d) climate.
98. A parallel experiment done alongside a laboratory experiment is said to be _______
(a)
side experiment (b) certainty experiment (c) controlled experiment (d) emergency
experiment.
99. A reasonable explanation for any observation made in nature is scientifically termed ____ (a)
idea (b) theory (c) hypothesis (d) notion.
100. _____ is a scientific fact (a) observation (b) theory (c) idea (d) hypothesis
101. The part that regulates the amount of light entering a microscope is the (a) knob (b) fine
adjustment (c) condenser (d) objective lens
102. Which of the following does not belong to the major four divisions of plant
kingdom
(a) thallophyte (b) tracheophyte (c) pteridophyte (d) bryophyte
103. Which of the following pest control method involves the use of pest enemies? (a)
cultural method (b) biological method (c) physical method (d) chemical method
104. Which of the following is affected by black pod diseases? (a) oil palm (b) cocoa (c)
rubber (d) cowpea
105. Which of the following diseases is caused by a virus? (a) mosaic (b) brown spot (c)
black pod (d) anthracnose
106. Angiosperms and gymnosperms belong to the plant group known as A. schizophyte
B. bryophyte C. pteridophyte D. spermatophyte
107. Sting cells are normally found in A. Flatworms B. Hydra C. Snails D.
Paramecium
108. Which of the following are differentiated into true roots, stems and leaves?
A. Schizophytes B. Bryophyta C. Pteridophyte D. Algae
109. Each of the following is an arthropod EXCEPT A. crab B. millipede C. spider D. snail
110. In which of the following groups of animals are flagella and cilia found A. Flatworms
B. Protozoa C. Nematodes D. Coelenterates
111. The feature that distinguishes a toad from a fish is the absence of A. scales B. lungs
C. tail D. paired appendages
112. Some of the features of an animal are scales, teeth, nails and backbone. The animal is
likely to be
A. bird B. lizard C. toad D. rat
113. Which of the following animal is cold blooded? A. cat B. Lizard C. Whales
D. Bird
114. A peculiar characteristic of mammals is that they A. have teeth B. are warm blooded
C. have sebaceous gland D. have lungs
115. The third level of organization of life is A. cell B. tissue C. system D. organs
116. A cell that is capable of self existence is a/an A. amoeba B. ovum C. amoeba
D. onion epidermal cell
117. Which of these organelles is common to both plants and animals cells? A. Chloroplast
B. Centriole C. Mitochondrion D. Pyrenoid
118. Which scientist did not contribute to the formation of cell theory? A. Isaac Newton
B. Robert Hooke C. Matthias Schliemann D. Theodor Schwann
119. The organelle which is contractile in function in Euglena is the A. eye spot B. gullet
C. myomere D. paramylon
120. Which of the following cells are not regarded as specialized? A. Muscle cells
B. Root tip cells C. Somatic cells D. Sperm cells
121. Which structures must be present in a cell for osmosis to take place? A. cell (sap)
vacuole and cell wall B. cell wall and cell membrane C. chloroplast and cytoplasm
D. cytoplasm and cell membrane
122. The scent from a bunch of flowers spreads throughout a room. How does the scent
spread? A. by conduction B. by diffusion C. by osmosis D. by transpiration
123. Which of the following environmental conditions is ideal for plant cells to remain
turgid? A. Hot, dry weather B. Cold, dry weather C. Cool, humid weather
D.
Windy weather
124. Osmosis occurs through a membrane that can be _____ permeable A. Fully B.
Slowly C. Differentially D. freely
125. Which of the following processes takes place when a plant cell is put in a hypotonic
solution? (a) water moves into the cell and the cell bursts (b) water leaves the cell and the
cell becomes flabby (c) water moves into the cell and the cell becomes turgid (d) the cell
becomes plasmolysis
126. The organelle involved in tissue respiration is the A. endoplasmic reticulum B. Golgi
body C. mitochondrion
D. ribosome
127. In the absence of oxygen, the pyruvic acid produced during glycolysis is converted to
CO2 and A. water B. glycerol C. ethanol D. citric acid
128. Glycolysis takes place in A. lysosome B. Mitochondrion C. Nucleus D. ribosome
129. The starting substance in kerb’s cycle is A. Citric acid B. Acetic acid C. oxalic acid D.
Malic acid
130. A total of __ ATP is produced from one glucose during aerobic respiration A. 34 B.
36 C. 38 D.40
131. The main photosynthetic organ of plant is ----- (a) leaf (b) seed (c) fruit (d) root
132. Which of these is not a macro element needed for plant growth? A. potassium
B. magnesium C. sodium D. molybdenum
133. Yellowing of leaves is a symptom associated with deficiency of A. iron, calcium and
magnesium B. nitrogen, sulphur and potassium C. sulphur, phosphorus and iron
D. iron, magnesium and nitrogen
134. Trace elements are required by plants mainly for the A. formation of pigments and
enzymes B. production of energy and hormones C. manufacture of carbohydrates
D. manufacture of protein
135. The dark phase of photosynthesis occurs in the ------- of chloroplast (a) cells (b) tissues
(c) fluid (d) stroma
136. Growth include the following processes except A. differentiation B. meiosis C.
mitosis D. elongation
137. When the zygote of an organism continues to grow, it produces new cells by
A. meiosis B. mitosis C. crossing-over D. gestation
138. The aspect of growth in living organisms include all the following except A. increase
in dry weight B. irreversible increase in length C. reversible increase in size
D. increase in number of cells
139. The organelle involved in tissue respiration is the A. endoplasmic reticulum B. Golgi
body C. mitochondrion
D. ribosome
140. In the absence of oxygen, the pyruvic acid produced during glycolysis is converted to
CO2 and _______ A. water B. glycerol C. ethanol D. citric acid
SECTION 2
(1a). State two ecological factors each that
(i) affect terrestrial habitats
(ii) affect aquatic habitats
(iii) are common to both habitats
(b) Discuss two of each set of factors mentioned above.
Explain the following with a typical example:
(i) Food Chain,
(ii) Food Web
(iii) trophic level.
(iv) Why is the energy flow in the ecosystem not cyclic?
(c) (i) What is nutrient movement?
(ii)Write a short note on energy flow.
(iii) State two the differences between pyramid of numbers and the pyramid of
energy.
(iv) Write a short note on ecosphere.
(v) Differentiate between a habitat and ecological niche.
(vi) With two example each, state three subdivisions of habitat.
2. What is a population?
(i) How is population related to the community?
(ii) Differentiate between ecosystem and biomes.
(iii) State the two major components of an ecosystem with two examples each.
(b) In a tabular form, distinguish between the three major biomes in Nigeria using the
following
i. Total annual rainfall
ii. Temperature
iii. Regions found
iv. List five characteristics of savanna.
v. Define the following terms: (i) Percentage cover (ii) Population size (iii) Population
frequency (iv) Population density.
vi. Mention two methods of determining population size.
3. What is a food chain?
Explain the role of the following in a food chain
(i) Producer
(ii) Consumer
(iii) Decomposer.
A. Explain with the aid of diagram
(i) The flow of energy through the food chain drawn in 3C
(ii) How energy in the chain is lost to the environment.
(iii) What are symbiosis and commensalism?
(iv) Explain two examples of symbiosis and commensalism.
B.
(i) Water is essential for living organism, discuss.
(ii) Describe the process of carbon cycling in nature.
(iii) Write on the two types of decomposers.
(iv) 2. State the roles of decomposers.
(v) 3. What is autotrophic nutrition?
(vi) 4. List the two modes of autotrophic nutrition.
(vii) 5. Differentiate between the two modes listed above.
4.
(a) What is environmental pollution?
(b) Mention five sources of air pollution.
(c) Mention five common land pollutants.
(d) Suggest ways of controlling the pollutants mentioned
(e) Mention the features that adapt hydrophytes to water.
(f) Mention five adaptive features of arboreal.
(g) Highlight the adaptation of birds for flight.
(h) Mention the features of toad and their uses
5. State 3 characteristics of each of all the local biomes you
know in Nigeria.