COURSE TITLE: HUMAN ANATOMY 1
COURSE CODE: NUR 101
TOPICS
1. BODY CAVITIES
&
2. BODY MEMBRANES
CLASS: LEVEL 1OO & 200 LOWER: GENERAL NURSING
& MIDWIFERY
LECTURER:MUMUNI HADIRU IDDRIS
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OBJECTIVES
By the end of this topics students will be able to:
a. Identify the various body cavities and their
content
b. State the four body membranes, their location
and functions
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BODY CAVITIES AND THEIR
CONTENTS
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BODY CAVITIES
• Spaces within the body that contain internal organs
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Cranial cavity V
Vertebral cavity
Thoracic cavity
Abdominal cavity
Pelvic cavity
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BODY CAVITIES
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CRANIAL CAVITY
a. The cranial cavity is formed by the cranium
(cranial bones) and houses/protects the brain,
etc.
The bones forming the cranial cavity are the:
▪ 2 parietal bones
▪ 2 temporal bones
▪ I frontal bone
▪ 1 occipital bone
▪ 1 sphenoid bone
▪ 1 ethmoid bone.
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VERTEBRAL/SPINAL/NEURAL CAVITY
• The vertebral/spinal canal (cavity) is formed
by the 26 individual bones of the vertebral
column.
• It contains/protects the spinal cord
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THORACIC CAVITY
• The bony thorax is formed by the sternum, 24
ribs, and 12 thoracic vertebrae.
• It contains/protects the heart, lungs,
oesophagus, trachea, thymus gland etc.
• It has 3 sub cavities namely:
a. Pleural cavity
b. Mediastinum
c. Pericardial cavity
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ABDOMINAL CAVITY
• This is formed by the anterior and posterior
abdominal muscles.
• It contains/protects stomach, liver, gallbladder,
kidneys, spleen, intestines etc.
• It can be subdivided into 4 quadrants or 9
regions
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ABDOMINOPELVIC REGION
• The abdominopelvic region is divided into either four
quadrants or nine regions.
• Thus, clinicians use nine regions of the abdominal cavity to
describe the location of abdominal organs or pains.
• The nine regions are delineated by four planes.
• The quadrants are divided by the umbilicus line
(horizontal) and the median line (vertical).
• The quadrants are used to locate the site of an
abdominopelvic abnormality
in clinical studies.
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NINE REGIONS OF THE ABDOMINO-PELVIC CAVITY
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NINE REGIONS OF THE ABDOMINO-PELVIC CAVITY
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ABDOMINOPELVIC QUADRANTS
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QUADRANTS OF THE ABDOMINAL CAVITY
• Right upper – liver, gall bladder, part of stomach,
duodenum, right kidneys, part of intestines etc.
• Left upper – spleen, part of stomach, left lobe of
liver, body of pancreas, left kidney, parts of
intestines, etc.
• Right lower – caecum, appendix, part of small and
large intestines etc.
• Left lower – part of small and large intestines etc
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PELVIC CAVITY
– lies within the pelvis and it is formed by 2 hip
bones, sacrum, coccyx, and pelvic muscles.
– It contains/protects urinary bladder, rectum,
uterus, ovaries, fallopian tubes, prostate gland,
seminal vesicles, ejaculatory ducts etc. .
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BODY MEMBRANES
• Body membranes are thin sheets of tissues
that cover the body, line body cavities, and
cover hollow organs within the cavities.
• Body membranes include:
1. Mucus membrane
2. Serous membrane
3. Cutaneous membrane
4. Synovial membrane
5. Meninges
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MUCUS MEMBRANE
• Mucous membrane (mucosa) is epithelial
membrane.
• Has goblet cells that secrete mucus which
lubricate the surfaces they line protecting them
from drying, mechanical and chemical injury.
• It lines the body cavities/tracts that open to the
outside such as digestive, respiratory, excretory,
and reproductive tracts.
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SEROUS MEMBRANES
• Thin slippery membrane lines body cavities not open to the
outside. Has two layers:
a. Parietal layer: outer layer that lines walls of cavities
b. Visceral layer: inner layer that covers viscera within the
cavities
• The space between the two layers contain serous fluid which
reduces friction between the two layers.
•
1.
2.
3.
Examples of serous membranes are:
Pleura covers the lungs. Has pleural cavity
Pericardium covers the heart. Has pericardial cavity
Peritoneum lines the abdominal cavity and covers the
abdominal organs. Has peritoneal cavity.
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PLEURA OF THE LUNGS
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PERITONEUM OF THE ABDOMEN
• The serous membrane
that lines the
abdominal cavity and
surrounds the
abdominal organs is
called the peritoneum.
• The space between the
parietal and visceral
peritoneum is called
peritoneal cavity.
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PERICARDIUM OF THE HEART
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CUTANEOUS MEMBRANE
• This refers to the skin covering the whole body
• Has 2 layers:
a. Epidermis: outer layer
b. Dermis: inner layer
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SYNOVIAL MEMBRANE
• Synovial membranes line the cavities of the freely
movable joints (synovial joints) such as the
shoulder, elbow, and knee.
• They line cavities that do not open to the outside.
• Synovial membranes secrete synovial fluid into
the joint cavity for lubrication.
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MENINGES
• The connective tissue covering the brain and spinal
cord, within the dorsal cavity.
• It consists of three layers.
• Outer layer-Dura mater
• Middle layer-Arachnoid layer
• Inner layer - Pia mater this layer is attached to the
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MENINGES CONT’D
◼
The space between dura matter and arachnoid
matter is call subdural space
◼
The space between the arachnoid matter and pia
matter is known as subarschnoid space.
◼
The subarachnoid space contains cerebrospinal
fluid.
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OTHER BODY CAVITIES
• Oral and digestive – mouth and cavities of the
digestive organs
• Nasal –located within and posterior to the nose
• Orbital – house the eyes
• Middle ear – contain bones (ossicles) that transmit
sound vibrations
• Synovial – joint cavities
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READING ASSIGNMENT
a. List four (2) organs/structures located in each
of the nine (9) regions of the abdominal
cavity
b. Structure of the cell
c. Types and locations of tissues
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• REFERENCES
• REFER TO COURSE OUTLINE
• THANKS
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