COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
CST446
DATA COMPRESSION
TECHNIQUES
CATEGORY
PEC
L T P CREDIT
2 1 0
YEAR OF
INTRODUCTION
3
2019
Preamble: This course helps the learners to understand compression techniques on text, image,
audio and video data. It covers lossy &lossless compression, RLE, JPEG, MPEG and its variants.
This course enables the students to develop and implement compression algorithms on different
domains.
Prerequisite: Knowledge of probability theory, computation on matrices, basic topics in data
structures, storage and efficiency
Course Outcomes: After the completion of the course the student will be able to
CO#
CO1
CO
Describe the fundamental principles of data compression(Cognitive Knowledge
level: Understand)
CO2
Make use of statistical and dictionary based compression techniques for various
applications (Cognitive Knowledge level: Apply)
CO3
Illustrate various image compression standards. (Cognitive Knowledge level:
Apply)
CO4
Summarize video compression mechanisms to reduce the redundancy in
video.(Cognitive Knowledge level: Understand)
CO5
Use the fundamental properties of digital audio to compress audio
data.(Cognitive Knowledge level: Understand)
Mapping of course outcomes with program outcomes
PO1
PO2
PO3 PO4 PO5
PO6
PO7
PO8
PO9
PO10 PO11 PO12
CO1
CO2
CO3
CO4
CO5
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COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
Abstract POs defined by National Board of Accreditation
PO#
Broad PO
PO#
Broad PO
PO1 Engineering Knowledge
PO7
Environment and Sustainability
PO2 Problem Analysis
PO8
Ethics
PO3 Design/Development of solutions
PO9
Individual and team work
Conduct investigations of complex
PO4 problems
PO10
Communication
PO5 Modern tool usage
PO11
Project Management and Finance
PO6 The Engineer and Society
PO12
Life long learning
Assessment Pattern
Bloom’s
Category
Continuous Assessment Tests
End Semester Examination
Marks (%)
Test 1 (%)
Test 2 (%)
Remember
30
30
30
Understand
40
40
40
Apply
30
30
30
Analyze
Evaluate
Create
Mark Distribution
Total Marks
CIE Marks
ESE Marks
ESE Duration
150
50
100
3
Continuous Internal Evaluation Pattern:
Attendance
10 marks
Continuous Assessment Tests(Average of SeriesTests1& 2)
25 marks
Continuous Assessment Assignment
15 marks
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COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
Internal Examination Pattern:
Each of the two internal examinations has to be conducted out of 50 marks. First series test shall
be preferably conducted after completing the first half of the syllabus and the second series test
shall be preferably conducted after completing remaining part of the syllabus. There will be two
parts: Part A and Part B. Part A contains 5 questions (preferably, 2 questions each from the
completed modules and 1 question from the partly completed module), having 3 marks for each
question adding up to 15 marks for part A. Students should answer all questions from Part A.
Part B contains 7 questions (preferably, 3 questions each from the completed modules and 1
question from the partly completed module), each with 7 marks. Out of the 7 questions, a student
should answer any5.
End Semester Examination Pattern:
There will be two parts; Part A and Part B. Part A contains 10 questions with 2 questions from
each module, having 3 marks for each question. Students should answer all questions. Part B
contains 2 full questions from each module of which student should answer any one. Each
question can have maximum 2 sub-divisions and carries 14 marks.
Syllabus
Module-1 (Modelling and types of compression)) 1
Introduction to Compression Techniques- Lossy compression & Lossless compression, Measures
of Performance, Modeling and coding. Mathematical modelling for Lossless and lossy compression
- Physical models and probability models.
Module – 2 (Basic Compression Methods)
Basic Compression Technique- Run length encoding, RLE Text compression. Statistical MethodsPrefix Codes, Binary Huffman coding, non-binary Huffman Algorithms, Arithmetic Coding.
Module - 3 (Text & Image Compression)
Dictionary based Coding- LZ77, LZ78 and LZW compression.Image Compression- Image
standards, JPEG image Compression- Baseline JPEG, JPEG-LS.
Module - 4 (Video Compression)
Video Compression- Analog video, Digital Video, Motion Compensation. MPEG standardsMPEG 1, MPEG 4
Module - 5 (Audio Compression)
Audio Compression- Basics of Digital Audio, Basic Audio Compression Techniques, MPEG
Audio Compression-Layer 1 coding, Layer 2 coding and Layer 3 coding.
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COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
Text Book
1. David Solomon, Data compression: the complete reference, 4/e, Springer, January 2007
2. Khalid Sayood, Introduction to data compression, Morgan Kaufmann Publishers,2003.
References
1) Stephen Welstead, Fractal and wavelet Image Compression techniques, PHI, 1999.
2) Sleinreitz, Multimedia System, Addison Wesley.
3) Mark Nelson and Jean-loup Gailly, The Data Compression Book, M&T Books.
Course Level Assessment Questions
Course Outcome 1 (CO1):
1. Discuss different types of compression performance metrics
2. Explain mathematical model for lossless compression
Course Outcome 2 (CO2):
1. Explain RLE based text compression and identify a example with compression ratio of 2.
2. Given the eight symbols A, B, C, D, E, F, G, and H with probabilities 1/30, 1/30, 1/30,
2/30, 3/30, 5/30, 5/30, and 12/30, draw three different Huffman trees with heights 5 and 6
for these symbols and calculate the average code size for each tree.
Course Outcome 3 (CO3):
1. Differentiate the LZ77 and LZ78 performance with the input given as
‘sirsideastmaneasilyteasesseasickseals’
2. Explain why the continuous-tone images is required for JPEG and the main steps used in
image compression.
Course Outcome 4 (CO4):
1. Briefly explain MPEG-4 video compression standard
2. How H.261 video compression is completed.
Course Outcome 5 (CO5):
1. Explain critical bands, thresholding and masking related to audio compression
2. Explain the working of -law encoder and decoder with an example
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COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
Model Question Paper
QP CODE:
Reg No: _______________
Name: _________________
PAGES : 2
APJ ABDUL KALAM TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY
EIGHTH SEMESTER B.TECH DEGREE EXAMINATION, MONTH & YEAR
Course Code: CST446
Course Name: Data Compression Techniques
Max.Marks:100
Duration: 3 Hours
PART A
Answer All Questions. Each Question Carries 3 Marks
1.
Specify different quantities used to measure the performance of a data
compression technique
2.
Explain mathematical model for lossless compression
3.
State and prove Kraft-McMillan inequality
4.
Compare Huffman and Arithmetic coding
5.
Describe LZ77 approach of encoding a string with the help of an example
6.
Compare and contrast JPEG and JPEG-LS differences in working.
7.
Discuss different components of video
8.
Identify the advantage of MPEG-4 over MPEG
9.
Explain critical bands, thresholding and masking related to audio compression
10. Explain the working of -law encoder and decoder with an example
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(10x3=30)
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
Part B
(Answer any one question from each module. Each question carries 14 Marks)
11. (a) Explain mathematical model for lossy compression and lossless compression
(b) Define compression ratio with an example
(10)
(4)
OR
12. (a) Discuss any probability model and identify the shortcoming of the solution.
(b) Identify the mathematical preliminaries for Lossless Compression
13. (a) With a help of flowchart discuss the RLE text compression for text data given
below
‘ABBBBBBBBBCDEEEEF’
(b) calculate the compression ratio for the example while taking repetitions = 4
(7)
(7)
(10)
(4)
OR
14. (a) Illustrate with a example why Huffman coding is preferred than Shannon
Fano Algorithm for compression
(b) How Huffman coding is handling the unpredictability of input data stream
15. (a) Explain in detail the working of LZ78 with example and dictionary Tree
(b) Illustrate with example, how the compression factor LZW differ from the
LZ78
(10)
(4)
(10)
(4)
OR
16. (a) How quantization and coding helps in compression and their role in JPEG.
(b) With the help of the given example illustrate the compression ratio of JPEG
and JPEG-LS
17. (a) With the help of equations discuss Composite and Components Video
(b) Differentiate the major changes in MPEG - 2 and MPEG-4 Video
(6)
(8)
(7)
(7)
OR
18. (a) Describe in details about functionalities for MPEG-4
(b) How Motion Compensation help in video compression
19. (a) How The Human Auditory System limitations can be taken in audio
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(8)
(6)
(7)
COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
compressions
(b) Discuss the complexity of Layer III compared to others in MPEG Audio
Coding
(7)
OR
20. (a) Discuss Format of Compressed Data and encoding in layer I and II
(b) Differentiate Spectral and Temporal Masking
(9)
(5)
TEACHING PLAN
No
Contents
No of
Lecture
Hrs (36
Hours)
Module – 1 (Modelling and types of compression) (7 hrs)
1.1
Introduction to Compression Techniques- Lossy compression & Lossless
compression, Measures of Performance
2
1.2
Modelling and coding.
1
1.3
Physical model for lossless compression
1
1.4
Physical model for lossy compression
1
1.5
Probability model for lossless compression
1
1.6
Probability model for lossly compression
1
Module - 2 (Basic Compression Methods) (8 hrs)
2.1
Run length encoding, RLE Text compression
1
2.2
Statistical methods-Prefix Codes
1
2.3
Binary Huffman coding
1
2.4
Illustration of Binary Huffman coding
1
2.5
Non-binary Huffman Algorithms
1
2.6
Arithmetic Coding algorithm
1
2.7
Illustration of Arithmetic Coding algorithm
2
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COMPUTER SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING
Module - 3 (Text & Image Compression) (8 hrs)
3.1
LZ77 compression
2
3.2
LZ78 Compression
1
3.3
LZW Compression
1
3.4
Basics of Image compression and Image standards
1
3.5
Baseline JPEG Image compression
1
3.6
JPEG-LS Image compression
1
Module - 4 (Video Compression) (7 hrs)
4.1
Basics of Video Compression- Analog video and Digital Video.
2
4.2
Motion Compensation
1
4.3
MPEG-1 standard and Video Syntax
1
4.4
MPEG-1 Pel Reconstruction
1
4.5
MPEG-4 standard
1
4.6
Functionalities for MPEG-4
1
Module - 5 (Audio Compression) ( 6 hrs)
5.1
Basics of Audio Compression, Digital Audio
1
5.2
Basic Audio Compression Techniques
1
5.3
MPEG Audio Compression basics- Frequency Domain Coding
1
5.4
Encoding: Layers I and II
1
5.5
Encoding: Layer II -Psychoacoustic Models
1
5.6
Psychoacoustic Models - Encoding: Layer III
1
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