Plants and
Animal Organ
System and
their
Functions
●
●
What organ system are
you familiar with in
animals?
How about in Plants?
Levels of Organization
Atoms
Organ
Organ
system
Cells
Population
Organism
Organelles
Ecosystem
Tissue
5
3
Levels of Organization
Organ
1 Atoms
Cells
6
Organ
system
8
Population
7
Organism
2
Organelles
9
Ecosystem
4
Tissue
TEKS 7.12C: Recognize levels of organization in plants and animals, including cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organisms.
What is the basic unit of organization in plants and
animals?
A cell is the
smallest unit of an
organism.
In complex
organisms, cells are
specialized for
specific functions.
TEKS 7.12C: Recognize levels of organization in plants and animals, including cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organisms.
How do cells work together?
Specialized cells do not work alone. A tissue is a group of similar specialized cells
that work together to perform a specific function.
Animals have four types of tissue.
• Connective tissue adds
support and structure.
• Epithelial tissue is protective.
• Muscle tissue moves body
parts.
• Nerve tissue relays
information.
(contd.)
TEKS 7.12C: Recognize levels of organization in plants and animals, including cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organisms.
How else are plants and
animals organized?
• An organ combines different kinds of tissues that function
together.
• Your brain is an organ in which nerve, connective, and epithelial
tissues work together. Your heart is an organ made of muscle,
nerve, connective, and epithelial tissues.
• Plant organs include roots, stems, and leaves. These organs all
contain the three types of plant tissues.
(contd.)
TEKS 7.12C: Recognize levels of organization in plants and animals, including cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organisms.
• An organ system is a group of
organs that work together to
perform a major function.
• Complex animals have many organ
systems, such as the nervous
system and the muscular system.
• Plants have only two organ
systems, the shoot system and the
root system.
(contd.)
TEKS 7.12C: Recognize levels of organization in plants and animals, including cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and organisms.
• An organism is a complete living thing that
relies on cells for life functions.
• In a complex organism, all the cells,
tissues, organs, and organ systems work
together. They carry out the functions
necessary for the organism’s life.
Plants
Parenchyma- least
differentiated, most
abundant
Collenchymasupport
Sclerenchymareinforced, tough
cell walls, stop
mitosis
Structure: Cells
Structure:tissue/specialized cells
Tissues:
1.Dermal- outer, hard layer
2.Vascular- made for
transport
3.Ground- everything else
Specialized cells:
1.Xylem- conduct water
2.Phloem- conduct solid
material such as sugar.
Growth
Meristem
1.embryotic stem cells
that produces other
cells
2.Located on tip of
developmental part.
Angiosperm Cross
section
Gas Exchange
Stomata
1.Guarded by Guard
Cells
2.Promote CO2
intake and H2O
and O2 outtake
3.Grants need for
Calvin Cycle
Energy Production/Mineral
transport
Energy Prodcution and Distribution
1. Sugar produced by leaf through
photosynthesis
2. Sugar is translocated through flow of
Minerals and Water Transport
1. Root intake water and mineral
2. Aids photosyntesis
3. Symbiolotic relationship with fungi
a. Mycorrhizae- increase abosorbsion
b. Rhizobium- convert N to solute use
Response
Reproduction
Pollination
1.Pollination- transfer of
pollen from anther to
stigma.
2.Double Fertilizationensure endosperm
developes
Evolution
Animal
s
Basics - Levels of Organization
Tissues → Organs → Organ
Systems
- tissues are made up of groups of
cells
- tissues work along one another in
groups which makes up organs
- an organ system consists of groups
of organs working together
Digestive System
Structures
-Mouth: starting point of digestion
-Esophagus: gets food swallowed from the mouth
-Stomach: contains the food and releases
enzymes to break it down
-Small intestines: uses enzymes made from the
pancreas and bile made by the liver to break down
food
-Gallbladder: releases bile to break down fats
-Large intestines: job of processing waste and
drops it into the rectum and then anus for release
Digestive System
Function
-uses enzymes to break
down, absorb, and excrete
food taken into the body
-helps in cellular
respiration by supplying
sugars such as glucose
Respiratory System
Structures
-Trachea: part of the airway that connects throat and
bronchi
-Bronchi: moves air from trachea to lungs
-Lungs: allows oxygen to supply red blood cells and
the red blood cells move around the body
-Diaphragm: main component for respiration,
functions with inhalation and exhalation
-Gills: takes in dissolved oxygen in water to breathe
(fish)
-Hemoglobin: moves oxygen from lungs to tissues;
moves carbon dioxide from tissues to lungs
Respiratory System
Function
-allows us to breathe
(this is needed to
survive on Earth)
-oxygen and carbon
dioxide are exchanged
in the process
Nervous System
Structures
-Neuron: main feature of the brain;
processes and transmits information
-Axon: sends information to neurons
-Dendrites: receive information from
neurons
-Synapse: sends information from cell
to cell
Nervous System
Function
-allows control for the
body through
communication within with
certain parts
-regulating processes in
the body
-coordination with other
Circulatory System
Structures (Blood
Flow)
-vena cava → right atrium →
tricuspid valve → right
ventricle → pulmonary artery
→ lungs→ pulmonary veins
→ left atrium → mitral valve
→ left ventricle → aortic
valve → aorta → body
Circulatory System
Function
-supplies the body with blood and oxygen
-carbon dioxide, oxygen, nutrients are all
transported throughout the body
Adaptations
-A 4 chambered heart is able to separate
separate deoxygenated and oxygenated
blood (oxygenated blood to the body and
deoxygenated blood to the lungs)
Excretory System
Structure
- Kidney: Filters the blood and creates urine
- Glomerulus: Blood plasma is filtered here
- Nephron: Regulates the concentration of water
- Bowman’s capsule: where blood filtration starts
- Loop of henle: Where blood and salts and reabsorbed
into the blood
- Collecting duct: collects urine from the nephron and
moves it to the ureters
Function
- Filters the blood, keeps water balance, and excretes
nitrogenous waste
Muscles
Structure
- Muscle cells: contain protein filaments of actin
and myosin
- Sarcomeres: structure unit of a myofibril
- Actin & myosin fibers: Actin form the thin
filaments and myosin form the thick filaments
- Tropomyosin regulatory protein: troponin is
attached to the protein tropomyosin and lies
within the groove between actin filaments in the
muscle tissue
Function
- helps with movement
Immune
Structure
- Lymph system: major part of the immune system
- leukocytes: protect the body from infectious disease
and foreign invaders
- lymphocytes: a form of lymphocyte
- macrophage: phagocytic cell found in the tissues or
mobile white blood cell
- B cells: produces antibodies
- T cells: destroy t cells to hunt down and destroy cells
that are infected with germs
Function
protects body from attacks by pathogen
Reproduction
Structures
-Testicles: create sperm
-Penis: urination and semen delivery
-Glands: creates sex hormones
-Sperm: reproductive cell for males
-Ovaries: creates sex hormones
-Eggs: reproductive cells for females
-Fallopian tubes: transfers egg from ovary to uterus
-Uterus: develops embryo and fetus when pregnant
Function
-create offspring (make sure survival is possible)
-produce sex cells