․ 담당과목 : 편입 독해 특강 ․ 담당 : 오수원 ․독해: 25문항(50-75분) 독해 순서/삽입/연결어 특강 김영 편입학원 2024년 2월 [1] For the families of John Wayne Gacy’s victims, his death was long anticipated. The man who tortured and murdered 33 young men and boys during the 1970’s was finally executed by lethal injection at the Illinois Stateville Penitentiary. [A] Justice would be served, swiftly and cleanly, as three chemicals were introduced intravenously into his bloodstream. [B] The first drug would knock him out, the second would suppress his breathing, and the last would stop his heart — in no more than five minutes. [C] A clog developed in the delivery tube attached to his arm. [D] He snorted just before death-chamber attendants pulled a curtain around him as they struggled to clear a tube. [E] Finally, the two lethal drugs streamed into him. The monster was dead. [3] [A] Inspired by an episode of the show “Black Mirror,” in which a young woman, Martha, shattered by the loss of her boyfriend Ash, installs an app that allows her to keep communicating with him, Eugenia decided to modify Luka. [B] The app would become a functional version of the software imagined by the creators of “Black Mirror”: a tool that would allow her to communicate with Roman’s digital ghost. [C] In the days following his death, Roman’s friend Eugenia Kuyda reread thousands of text messages that she had exchanged with him starting in 2008, the year they met. [D] On November 28, 2015, a young Belarusian man died when he was run down by a car in Moscow. His name was 2. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은? Roman Mazurenko and, barely into his 30s, he was already a tech entrepreneur and a legendary figure in the city’s cultural and artistic circles. But Gacy took 18 minutes to die. [E] Eugenia, who was herself an entrepreneur and software developer, had been working on a messenger app called ① [A] ② [B]③ [C] ④ [D]⑤ [E] Luka that used AI to emulate human dialogue. [2] [A] Sensing a business opportunity, Benjamin Day 3. Put the following story into a logical order. established The Sun, a newspaper in New York City, in 1833, ① [E] — [D] — [A] — [B] — [C] and he started selling it for a penny per issue. ② [E] — [D] — [A] — [C] — [B] [B] The main reason was that the cost—six cents—was ③ [D] — [C] — [E] — [A] — [B] considered exorbitant. ④ [D] — [C] — [E] — [B] — [A] [C] But large numbers of individuals, particularly those ⑤ [A] — [B] — [C] — [E] — [D] belonging to the working class, did not read newspapers on a daily basis. [4] [D] This is widely considered to be the first of the penny [A] The year 2021 seems to be particularly unpredictable. presses that came to be prevalent during that decade. [B] [E] In the United States in the 1830s, there was a high rate pandemic, of literacy amongst all classes of people. geopolitics. It will be an filled uneven with the interactions economic recovery between and the fractious [C] This annual will, we hope, help you improve your living 2. Put the following story into a logical order. as you navigate the risks and opportunities ahead. ① [A] — [E] — [B] — [C] — [D] [D] We have some of the lessons and chances for positive ② [E] — [C] — [D] — [B] — [A] change that have emerged from the crisis. [E] ③ [E] — [C] — [B] — [A] — [D] ④ [A] — [E] — [C] — [B] — [D] 4. 다음 문장이 들어갈 가장 적절한 위치는? ⑤ [E] — [A] — [C] — [D] — [B] But it’s not all doom and gloom. ① [A] ② [B] ③ [C] ④ [D] ⑤ [E] 1 1 T.O.P 독해특강 (6-1) 5. Choose the best place for the sentence given below. 7. [A] Across England, the public language of elected officials As human beings, we have the ability to override being was increasingly dark, their tones funerary. [B] With growing alarm, people had started to understand that this war would extend indefinitely. [C] By mid-December 1914, British troops had been fighting on the continent for over five months. [D] Casualties had been shocking, positions had settled into self-destructive stalemate. ① [B] — [C] — [D] — [A] ② [C] — [D] — [A] — [B] ③ [A] — [B] — [D] — [C] ④ [A] — [B] — [C] — [D] overloaded and force ourselves to make decisions. In general, our minds work best when focused completely on the task at hand. Indeed, we have a natural mechanism in our brains for suppressing irrelevant information. Nonetheless, this ability has its limits. Dubbed ‘working memory’ by scientists, our capacity for processing information necessary to make immediate decisions can easily become overloaded. When that happens, our mental powers become impaired. We make more mistakes and lose our abilities to be as creative, innovative or productive. Research suggests even answering a text message can break our concentration for up to 40 minutes. ( ① ) Like a laptop with too many windows open, our ability to perform on any one task becomes impaired when a new mental task(window) is opened. ( ② ) Unlike our laptops, however, our brains don’t simply ‘hang’ when overloaded until windows can be closed or commands executed. ( ③ ) But again, that’s not necessarily a good thing. ( ④ ) It’s precisely this forcing of decisions that takes its toll on our creative and productive solutions, making them, at best, poorly executed. Choose the best place for the sentence given in the box. As human beings, we have the ability to override being overloaded and force ourselves to make decisions. 8. [A] The belief in the preeminence of hue and hair, the notion that these factors can correctly organize a society and that they signify deeper attributes — this is the new idea at the heart of these new people who have been brought up hopelessly, tragically, deceitfully, to believe that they are white. [B] But race is the child of racism, not the father. [C] In this way, racism is rendered as the innocent daughter of Mother Nature. [D] Americans believe in the reality of “race” as a defined, indubitable feature of the natural world. ① [A] — [C] — [D] — [B] ② [B] — [A] — [D] — [C] ③ [D] — [C] — [B] — [A] ④ [C] — [B] — [A] — [D] 9. 6. 아래 글에 덧붙이는 내용의 순서로 알맞은 것은? Despite the importance of law in society, its manifestation in the form of general codes first appears only around 3000 B.C.E. Prior to the advent of writing, laws exist only in the form of custom. And the absence of written law retards the capacity of these rules to provide lasting or extensive application. [A] We are so successful that we have undermined the conditions that formerly allowed us to expand. [B] The more powerful our civilization grows, the more vulnerable it becomes. [C] In terms of widespread prosperity, our civilization has experienced unprecedented success. [D] It seems that stability and, even, ongoing survival on a global scale, can now no longer be guaranteed. ① [D] — [C] — [A] — [B] ② [B] — [D] — [A] — [C] [A] Engraved on a black stone slab (that may be seen in the Louvre in Paris), the code contains some 300 sections with rules relating to a broad array of activities ranging from the punishment that is to be inflicted on a false witness(death) to that to be meted out to a builder whose house collapses killing the owner (death). [B] Among the first written codes is that of Hammurabi, king and creator of the Babylonian empire. It appeared in about1760 B.C.E, and is one of the earliest instances of a ruler proclaiming a systematic corpus of law to his people so that they are able to know their rights and duties. [C] The code is almost entirely devoid of defences or excuses, a very early example of strict liability! The king was, in fact, acknowledging the existence of even earlier laws, which his code implies. In truth, therefore, the code echoes customs that preceded the reign of this ancient monarch. have already been diagnosed, how to maintain control. Choose the best order after the sentences in the box. ① [A] — [C] — [B] ③ [B] — [C] — [A] ③ [A] — [D] — [C] — [B] ④ [C] — [B] — [A] — [D] 10. [A] They involved individuals from around the world, and had worldwide ramifications. [B] The Napoleonic Wars were in no sense purely European events. [C] His ambitions reached far beyond Europe; he is recorded as saying “I wanted to rule the world.” [D] Napoleon’s campaigns took men from Africa to the Caribbean, to France, to Italy, to Russia. ① [A] — [C] — [B] — [D] ③ [B] — [A] — [D] — [C] ② [B] — [D] — [C] — [A] ④ [C] — [B] — [A] — [D] ② [B] — [A] — [C] ④ [C] — [A] — [B] 2 2 T.O.P 독해특강 (6-1) 11. [A] As long as the hosts live long enough to pass along the parasite, it cares little about the condition of its host. person from the same part of the country or the same foreign country─and being overwhelmed by how similar the new person is to the known one. _______, features that one had considered unique to the individual suddenly are seen as shared, or social, phenomena. [B]Organic parasites, such as viruses, live inside the body of their hosts. ① Otherwise ② Nevertheless ③ In contrast ④ In other words ⑤ On the other hand [C] Ever more scholars see cultures as a kind of mental infection or parasite, with humans as its unwitting host. 14. [A] We’re social animals, after all. [B] As soon as our basic needs─food, shelter, and safety─are met, the first thing we seek is companionship. [C] Research on human flourishing confirms that cultivating meaningful relationships through institutions like work, religious communities, and marriage enhances our well-being, and is associated with better health and longer life expectancy. [D] With trees as your neighbors and the wide, open spaces of the great outdoors to explore, we can see why camping is popular. [E] Even spending time on simple, low-cost pleasures, like attending an exercise class or drinking a cold beer with friends, can produce small, frequent boosts in mood and facilitate social connections. [D] They multiply and spread from one host to the other, feeding off their hosts, weakening them, and sometimes even killing them. [E] In just this fashion, cultural ideas live inside the minds of humans. Choose the most logical order of the following sentences. ① [C] ─ [B] ─ [E] ─ [A] ─ [D] ② [C] ─ [D] ─ [A] ─ [E] ─ [B] ③ [C] ─ [B] ─ [D] ─ [A] ─ [E] ④ [C] ─ [A] ─ [D] ─ [B] ─ [E] ⑤ [C] ─ [E] ─ [A] ─ [D] ─ [B] Which of the following does not fit in the passage? 12.Choose the most logical order of the following sentences. ① [A] ② [B]③ [C] ④ [D]⑤ [E] [A] But if you also gesture with your arms while studying, you can remember the vocabulary better, even months later. 15. Choose the best place for the sentence below. However, initial results were not encouraging. [B] New research in neuroscience is exploring connection between language learning and movement. the The idea of using machines to provide translations between natural languages has been recognized since the 1930s, but an appropriate climate for development did not arise until the years following World War II. [A] At that time, the rise of information theory, the success of advanced code-breaking techniques, and the invention of the electronic computer all indicated that machine translation (MT) could be a reality. Warren Weaver, a founder of the field, caught the optimism in a 1947 memorandum: ‘One naturally wonders if the problem of translation could conceivably be treated as a problem of cryptography. When I look at an article in Russian, I say, “This is really written in English, but it has been coded in some strange symbols. I will now proceed to decode.” [B] As a result, several groups began research programmes into MT during the 1950s, and great claims were made for the future of the subject. [C] The systems proved to be very limited in the kind of data they could handle. Translations were crude, full of errors, and required so much human post-editing that they proved to be more expensive than having a human translator carry out the whole task in the first place. [D] The main reason was the lack of a sufficiently sophisticated linguistic theory to provide a frame of reference for the tasks that MT needed to undertake. [E]The earliest MT systems did little more than look for equivalences between the words in each language─in effect, they acted as an automatic bilingual dictionary. [C] This is the conclusion a research team reached after using magnetic pulses to deliberately disrupt these areas in language learners. [D] Linking a word to brain areas responsible for movement strengthens the memory of its meaning. [E] When learning a foreign language, most people fall back on traditional methods: reading, writing, listening and repeating. ① [B] — [D] — [C] — [A] — [E] ② [B] — [D] — [A] — [E] — [C] ③ [B] — [A] — [D] — [E] — [C] ④ [B] — [E] — [A] — [D] — [C] ⑤ [B] — [E] — [C] — [D] — [A] 13. The issue raised by Sapir’s observation is that of individual versus social differences. As Sapir points out, it is necessary to know what is “unmarked,” that is, what is conventionalized within a community, in order to know what special meaning an individual may be intentionally or unintentionally communicating by diverging from convention. Everyone has had the experience of knowing someone and later meeting someone else─a family member or another ① [A] ② [B]③ [C] ④ [D]⑤ [E] 3 3 T.O.P 독해특강 (6-1) 16. Choose the best place for the sentence below. [B] A group of American military wives in Eagle Pass, Texas, crossed the border to shop and were looking for a snack and a drink after hours. [C] He came up with a simple concoction: He layered Colby cheese and pickled jalapeños on top of fried tortilla chips, and popped the whole thing in the oven until the cheese melted. [D] It was a hit, and the women ordered seconds. The dish became a regular staple on the Victory Hotel menu, and it spread to other restaurants nearby. And yet the species has an undeniable magnetism. Greenland sharks are among nature’s least elegant inventions. [A] Lumpish, with stunted pectoral fins that they use for ponderously slow swimming in cold and dark Arctic waters, they have blunt snouts and gaping mouths that give them an unfortunate, dull-witted appearance. [B] Once widely hunted for their liver oil, today they are considered by catch.[C] It is among the world’s largest predatory sharks, growing up to eighteen feet in length, but also among its most elusive. Its life history is a black box, one that researchers have spent decades trying in vain to peer inside. [D] Where do Greenland sharks mate? What is their global range and population structure? And, most enticing of all, how long do they live?[E] A study begun in the 1930s suggested that the species’lifespan might well be extraordinary, based on the slow growth rate of a single shark that a scientist was lucky enough to catch twice. Which of the following is the best order for a passage starting with the given sentences in the box? ① [A] ─ [B] ─ [C] ─ [D] ② [A] ─ [D] ─ [C] ─ [B] ③ [B] ─ [A] ─ [C] ─ [D] ④ [B] ─ [C] ─ [D] ─ [A] ⑤ [D] ─ [C] ─ [B] ─ [A] [19-20] Read the passage and answer the questions. Beyond their artistic value, Loewentheil’s images also appear to be of academic interest, with his 2018 exhibition taking place at Beijing’s Tsinghua University, one of China’s leading colleges. [A] The arrival of foreign technology, including cameras, during the 19th century was just one of the radical changes that would bring the imperial era to an end. [B] Take, for instance, the work of Englishman Thomas Child, an engineer who documented the intricacies of China’s traditional architecture. His pictures of Beijing’s Summer Palace, which was subsequently burned down by English and French invaders, offer an invaluable record of its lost architecture. [C] “Photography is the greatest preserver of history,” Loewentheil said. “For many years, the written word was the way that history was transmitted. But the earliest photography preserves culture in China, and elsewhere, as it had been for many hundreds of years because it was simultaneous with the technological revolutions that were to change everything.” [D] And while Loewentheil has made a business of collecting, he maintains that the images have been brought together for posterity’s sake. He sees himself as the custodian of a historical archive─one that should eventually return to its birthplace─and he is currently digitizing the collection with a view to creating an online repository for historians and researchers. [E] “We really want this to be an asset to the Chinese people, and we’re open to academics or intellectuals who want to study the photos,” he said. ① [A] ② [B]③ [C] ④ [D]⑤ [E] 17. Choose the best place for the sentence below. But ice patches, which do not move, preserve artifacts in place─and in excellent condition─until the ice melts. Dating from around 300 to 1500 A.D., the artifacts tell the story of a mountain pass that served as a vital travel corridor for settlers and farmers moving between permanent winter settlements along the Otta River in southern Norway and higher-elevation summer farms farther south. [A] And as they traveled across the rough terrain, these bygone travelers left behind everything from horseshoes to kitchen tools to items of clothing. [B] As snow collected over the centuries, those forgotten objects were preserved in what eventually became the Lendbreen ice patch. [C] Ice patches are located at high elevations, but they aren’t the same as their larger cousins, glaciers. Objects frozen in glaciers are eventually pulverized inside the moving mass of ice. [D] Piloe and his colleague shave radiocarbon dated 60 of the 1,000 Lendbreen artifacts sofar, revealing that human activity on the pass began around300 A.D., during a time when good climate conditions led to a population boom in the area. [E] Travel during the Viking Age peaked around the year 1000, and, owing to economic and climatic changes, had begun to decline even before the Black Death swept through Norway in the 1340s. 19 Which is the best place for the sentence in the box? As such, photos from the time capture a world that would quickly disappear from sight. ① [A] ② [B]③ [C] ④ [D]⑤ [E] ① [A] ② [B]③ [C] ④ [D]⑤ [E 20 Which is the main idea of the passage? ① Photography preserves history. ② Photography was popular in China. ③ Photography goes against the technology of the time. ④ Photography shows the most beautiful images of architectures. ⑤ Photography provides the birthplaces of historical artifacts. 18. Nachos have a legitimate Mexican history and they trace back to a man named Ignacio Anaya (Nacho for short). The story begins in a border city called Piedras Negras inCoahuila, Mexico. [A] Anaya, the manager of the Victory Hotel, scramble, as all his cooks had already gone home. had to 4 4 T.O.P 독해특강 (6-1) 21. At the hub of common culture is undoubtedly television. Not only does it hold a central place in our use of free time, but it also has become a primary means of communicating and validating what is popular. Television tells us what music to listen to, what history to believe, what is funny, what clothing to wear, and what to eat for breakfast. Television has the power to bring together the population of a nation and even the world. ______, the amount of time people spend watching television is astounding. According to a Nielsen Media Research report, in the average American household the television is on for eight hours and 15 minutes in a 24-hour period. The average daily amount of viewing time per individual (over the age of two) is about four and a half hours. At this rate, someone who lives to age 75 would spend more than nine full years in front of TV. _______,almost all of the gain in free time we’ve experienced in recent years has been given over to television. ① Indeed ─ Further ② Similarly ─ Meanwhile ③ However ─ Nonetheless ④ Indeed ─ In contrast ⑤ However ─ For example ① Instead ② Nonetheless ③ Consequently ④ To begin with ⑤ By comparison 24. A fundamental concept in toxicology is that every material can be poisonous under some conditions, but most chemicals have some safe level or threshold below which their effects are undetectable or insignificant. Each of us consumes lethal doses of many chemicals over the course of a lifetime. One hundred cups of strong coffee, _______, contain a lethal dose of caffeine. Similarly, one hundred aspirin tablets, or ten kilograms of spinach, or a liter of alcohol would be deadly if consumed all at once. Taken in small doses, however, most toxins can be broken down or excreted before they do much harm. Furthermore, damage they cause can be repaired. Sometimes, ______, mechanisms that protect us from one type of toxin or at one stage in the life cycle become deleterious with another substance or in another stage of development.*excrete: 배설, 방출하다 ① meanwhile — yet ③ for instance — therefore ⑤ meanwhile — likewise ② moreover — accordingly ④ for instance — however 25. Accidents and illness can strike mountaineers, just as they can hit urban dwellers at home. ________, the mountaineer must be able to manage the situation far from expert help, providing the first aid to the victim. In addition to everyday injuries and ailments, the mountain environment and the physical demands of wilderness travel introduce new hazards to the mountaineer’s well-being. The most artful mountaineers grow adept at minimizing the hazards of life in the mountains, preventing exposure to risk whenever possible. For the members of a mountaineering party, skillful prevention of becoming victims is vastly preferable to being mere experts at treating injuries after they occur. Despite prevention awareness, any mountaineer could become the individual who requires first-aid help: the first-aid expert of the group could become the victim. ________, it’s best for all members of the party to train in first aid, through mountaineering oriented first-aid courses such as those offered by the American Red Cross. 22. Even before the pandemic arrived full force in the United States and inspired lots of outreach and good deeds, people were helping their neighbors in need. Case in point: In February, the organization “Operation Victory” gathered more than 50 community organizations and unions to give a Kentucky veteran the surprise of a lifetime.[A] And in a time when hugs and big gatherings are on hold, the images of Harris hugging volunteers at the unveiling are enough to make you emotional.[B] He spent 15 years in and out of homelessness until last year when Operation Victory volunteers stepped up.[C] A few years after returning from service with the Marines in 1981, Torre Harris was injured in a car accident and had trouble finding steady work as a contractor.[D] One hundred volunteers spent six months transforming a boarded-up house in Louisville, Kentucky, into a beautiful home that Harris could call his own. ① [A] ─ [B] ─ [C] ─ [D] ② [B] ─ [A] ─ [D] ─ [C] ③ [C] ─ [A] ─ [B] ─ [D] ④ [C] ─ [B] ─ [D] ─ [A] ⑤ [D] ─ [C] ─ [A] ─ [B] ① ② ③ ④ ⑤ 23. One example of population origins and history is the case of Native American populations. Europeans became aware of the existence of the New World (the Americas) and Native Americans following the initial exploration of Christopher Columbus in 1492, when he attempted to circumnavigate the earth to find an alternate route from Europe to Asia. Indeed, when Columbus arrived in the New World, he thought he had succeeded in reaching the “Indies,” the term then used for Asia. _______, the native peoples found in the New World became known as “Indians.” A number of people contemplated exactly where these people had originated. For those who interpreted the natural world from a strict biblical perspective, Native Americans were seen as one of the lost tribes of Israel. 5 5 However — Therefore For instance — Similarly In addition — Otherwise For instance — In contrast However — Nonetheless T.O.P 독해특강 (6-1)
