CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION TO GLOBALIZATION
CHAPTER OVERVIEW
Globalization plays a vital role in the economic system of the world. The world
economy is set to be a system of being globalized. What does it mean? It means that the whole
world is increasingly involved as a part of a single market, with interdependent production,
consuming similar goods, and responding to the same impulses. It also involves spreading
ideas, practices, and technologies. It is the connectivity across the entire world of economic
and cultural life that increased throughout the centuries. However, what is the real concept of
globalization and when did it begin? Does the perspective of every expert differ from one
another? What are some impacts of globalization on the development of the world’s economy?
Do you think it is beneficial? Why or why not?
This chapter outlines some of the main dimensions of globalization and indicates some
ways in which they are being studied and criticized by experts. This chapter is an attempt to
open more doors than it closes and to point the reader in directions that I have found fruitful.
LEARNING OUTCOMES
A. At the end of the unit, the students shall be able to:
1. Examine the various conceptions of globalization
2. Distinguish the different definitions from experts
3. Adopt a working definition of globalization
Lesson Outline
I. Introduction to Globalization
1. Concepts of Globalization
2. Definitions of Globalization from Experts
3. Attributes of Globalization
REFERENCES
Brazalote T., and Leomardo R. (2019). The Contemporary World. C & E Publishing, Inc. Quezon City
DEFINITION OF TERMS:
Cultural Imperialism – a conviction that there is a better culture.
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Globalism - the widespread belief among powerful people that the global integration of
economic markets is beneficial for everyone since it spreads freedom and democracy across
the world.
Globalization - the expansion and intensification of social relations and consciousness across
world time and world space.
Globality - future social conditions characterized by thick economic, political, and cultural
interconnections and global flows that make currently existing political borders and economic
barriers irrelevant
Global Village – through globalization and communication technology, the world has become
borderless.
LESSON 1 Concepts of Globalization
CONCEPTS OF GLOBALIZATION
DEFINITION OF GLOBALIZATION
● Globalization is comprised of multiple sameness and interconnectedness that go beyond
the nation-states. McGrew (1990)
● Ohmae in 1992 stated, “Globalization means the onset of the borderless world”(p.14).
● “Globalization is a world in which societies, cultures, politics and economics have, in
some sense, come closer together” – Ray Kiely and Phil Marfleet, Globalisation and
the Third World (London: Routledge, 1998), p.3.
● Globalization is the intensification of economic, political, social, and cultural relations
across borders. – Hans-Henrik Holm and Georg Sorensen (eds.)
Globality
● Globalization as a condition; Future social condition characterized by thick economic,
political, and cultural interconnections and global flows that make currently existing
political borders and economic barriers irrelevant (Steger (2005).
Globalism
● Steger (2014b) Globalization as an Ideology
Appadurai (1996) five dimensions of global cultural flow.
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1. Ethnoscape- a global movement of people
2. Mediascape- the flow of culture
3. Technoscape- circulation of mechanical goods and software
4. Finacescape- global circulation of money
5. Ideoscape- the realm of political ideas
➢ Windows into the broader phenomenon of globalization
Globalization is also defined differently depending on someone else’s expertise, experience,
and perspective.
Economics expert globalization means;
- fast speed of trade (importing and exporting are done in just a millisecond through
technology)
- global economic organizations International Monetary Fund (IMF), World Bank
(WB), and World Trade Organization (WTO). International Labor Organization (ILO),
ASEAN, etc.
- multinational and transnational corporations
- free trade (governments not to restrict the importation of products and the exportation
of local products
Culture expert globalization means;
-
establishment “global village” (media, Facebook has connected the world)
“shrinking world” (breaking boundaries)
cultural imperialism (Better Culture)
borderless world
adoption of other cultures (KPOP)
Political science expert globalization serves as a challenge to the nation-state;
- strengthening of regional blocs (ASEAN) (UN)
- the emergence of global political norms (the norm that each country is entitled to the
exploitation of human resources for its growth)
- the emergence of corporations (businessmen and investors)
- international laws (conflicts)
- world governance
Four Attributes of Globalization
1. Globalization occurs worldwide
2. Intensification and acceleration of social exchanges and activities
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3. Expansion and stretching of social relations
4. Various forms of connectivity
A. Globalization occurs worldwide (Every person is a global citizen because he or she thinks
about the issues of the world)
- Think about the world
- Associate ourselves with global trends
- Sense of responsibility
B. Globalization Intensification & acceleration of social exchanges and activities
- Door-to-door mail delivery to FB messages -IG, Snapchat, Twitter
- Live TV telecast
- Travel capacities brought about by low airfares
C. Globalization Expansion & stretching of social relations
- Regional and international non-governmental organizations (NGOs) Humanitarian
Institutions
- Government associations
- multinational companies
D. Globalization has Various forms of connectivity
- They are diverse (economic, political, cultural, etc.
SYNTHESIS:
Globalization may be defined and conceptualized from different lenses, but an interdisciplinary
definition is necessary. Some scholars consider it as a process, a condition, or an ideology.
Experts from different fields of social sciences also define globalization based on their
specialization or expertise. Every one of them talks about different networks and connections
that are expanding and intensifying in the contemporary world.
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NAME:____________________________________ YEAR & SECTION ___________
Date: _________________________
Score:
SELF-ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS (SAC) �
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Why is it crucial to emphasize that globalization is uneven? Explain with examples or
real-life situations. Type your answer minimum of 300 WORDS
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