

227
 ‫א‬
 227
 
 EF‫א‬
 
 
 W،،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ 


‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  ‫א‬        ،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬  
‫א‬  ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬ ‫א‬   ‫א‬    ،  
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬? ?? EF‫א‬ ?‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
   W    ‫א‬ ‫א‬  ‫א‬    ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬
 227
 
 EF‫א‬
 
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W

‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



EF‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
1
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
227
 EF‫א‬
‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬ •

‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬ •

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬4
 ‫א‬8

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE112F
-1-
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

Welding fundamentals
‫א‬E1F
 DefinitionE1.1
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K،
 Welding types‫א‬‫א‬E2.1
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬FFusion welding‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E1
KE،‫א‬FPressure welding‫א‬‫ א‬E2
E‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K
Applications of welding‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3.1
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬F E1
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ E2
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬ E3
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬ F‫א‬ E4
E‫א‬F‫א‬ E5
E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E6
-2-
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 Weld joints‫א‬E4.1
K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Corner‫א‬

،Lap‫א‬‫א‬  ،Butt‫א‬
 KT- jointETF 
Edge‫א‬
 K‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬E1.1F‫א‬


 K‫א‬‫א‬WE1.1F‫א‬
 WEdge preparation‫א‬E5.1
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE‫א‬F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬J 

‫א‬‫א‬J
 ‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
15–4V‫א‬‫א‬K
 KE2.1F‫א‬KK15<X
-3-
‫א‬‫א‬
227
‫א‬

‫א‬
 EF‫א‬


 K‫א‬‫א‬WE2.1F‫א‬
 
 Weld pool‫א‬E6.1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬E10<F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E3.1F
 Root run‫א‬

 Filling runs‫א‬‫א‬
 Capping run‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE3.1F‫א‬
 



-4-
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 WWelding positions‫א‬E7.1
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Koverhead‫א‬،vertical‫א‬،horizontal‫א‬
،Flat‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬E4.1F
 K‫א‬WE4.1F‫א‬
 WWelding movements‫א‬E8.1K
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
KKK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KKBackhand‫א‬Forehand‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EWeaving‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 ‫א‬
-5-
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
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 EF‫א‬
‫א‬

 KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E5.1F‫א‬

 WEK5F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 
-6-
‫א‬‫א‬
227
‫א‬
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬



 WEK5F‫א‬
E3>F‫א‬J  ‫א‬‫א‬J
J J 
  ‫א‬E٪30F


 ‫א‬WEK5F‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬WE5.1F‫א‬
-7-
‫א‬‫א‬
227
‫א‬
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬


 Basic weld symbols‫א‬‫א‬E9.1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE6.1F‫א‬


 ‫א‬WE6.1F‫א‬

 

 WE7.1F‫א‬‫א‬EF


 
 
 WE7.1F‫א‬
 
-8-
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬


 W8.1‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE8.1F‫א‬ 
 W9.1F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬WE9.1F‫א‬
 

 W10.1‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬WE10.1F‫א‬
-9-

 
‫א‬‫א‬
227
‫א‬
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬


 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬A
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬P
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬F






 ‫א‬L

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬E11.1F‫א‬
 ‫א‬WE11.1F‫א‬
 



- 10 -
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 WSafety rules‫א‬‫א‬E10.1
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E1.10.1
Safety precautions in electric Arc - welding
 ‫ א‬J 1
 KHot part ‫א‬ •
 KDry and hole – free Gloves‫א‬‫• א‬
 K‫א‬‫• א‬
 K‫• א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{ ‫א‬{‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 K(hot work permit)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
Ventilation ‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫• א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
‫א‬{‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬
 highly toxic‫א‬EPhosgene)‫א‬
- 11 -
J 2
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬J 3
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬{‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
 Kcover plate ‫א‬fliter plate‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬‫א‬  •
 K‫א‬ •
 K •
K‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2.10.1
Safety precautions in Oxy Acetylene welding
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E1
K‫א‬‫א‬ E2
KE‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E3
K10‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E4
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E5
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E6
K‫א‬‫א‬ E7
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E8
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E9
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬(reducing valve)‫א‬ E10
- 12 -
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

‫א‬،K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E11
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ E12
K‫א‬‫א‬E13
K‫א‬‫א‬E14
 K‫א‬‫א‬E15
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E16
 W‫א‬
K10‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E17
K‫א‬E18
K‫א‬‫א‬E19
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E20
 W‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E21
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E22
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E23
 W‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬E24
 KECO2F‫א‬‫א‬E25
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E26
 K‫א‬ E27
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‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬E28
 K‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬، E29
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ E30
 K‫א‬،‫א‬E31
 K‫א‬E32
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E33
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E34
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E35
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ E36
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬E37
K،‫א‬ E38
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E39
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E40

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
E1
 ‫א‬
E3
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E2
 K‫א‬EFKEF
 K‫א‬EF
 EF
K‫א‬E5K‫א‬‫א‬
E4
K‫א‬E7K‫א‬‫א‬E6
 W‫א‬‫א‬E9KE8
- 14 -
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
227
 EF‫א‬
‫א‬




 K‫א‬‫א‬5E10
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E11
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬6E12
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬6E13
- 15 -
EF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
2
-1-
‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
227
‫א‬‫א‬
 EF‫א‬






 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 _______________________


- 16 -
‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬4
 K‫א‬4

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬








- 17 -
‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
227
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 Thermal welding‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J

E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 E‫א‬
 E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬J
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬J
 E‫א‬F‫א‬J
 E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬J
 K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Electric arc welding‫א‬‫א‬E1.2
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WWE1.1.2
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬1881‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1895‫א‬‫א‬‘K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬1905K‫א‬
‫א‬KK‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬




- 18 -
‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬E2.1.2K
‫א‬EBase metal‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬  KKKE‫א‬F
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬E3–2F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
F‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KK‫א‬E‫א‬
‫א‬E1.2F‫א‬KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KK‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE1.2F‫א‬
- 19 -
‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
227
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬E3.1.2
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 K‫א‬
 
W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Dip or short circuiting – transfer‫א‬‫א‬E
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE2.2F‫א‬KE‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬WE2.2F‫א‬


- 20 -
‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
227
‫א‬‫א‬
 EF‫א‬
‫א‬

 Spray transfer‫א‬E
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KKK
 KE3.2F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬WE3.2F‫א‬
Pulsed transfer ‫א‬‫א‬E
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE4.2F‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬WE4.2F‫א‬



- 21 -
‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
227
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 WTypes of Arc welding ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EE4.1.2K
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KBare electrode‫א‬J
WEF‫א‬‫ א‬-
Shielded arc welding ‫א‬‫א‬ E
Submerged arc welding‫א‬‫א‬ E

 WEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F E
K Tungesten Inert gas arc welding TIG

Metal inert gas  (MIGF‫א‬‫א‬ E
arc welding
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E5.2F‫א‬



‫א‬

 



 

TIG
MIG
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE5.2F‫א‬



- 22 -
‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 WAdvantages of arc welding ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E5.1.2
˚4000‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬J 
 K -
 WElectric current ‫א‬‫א‬E6.1.2
KDirect current‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KAlternating current‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬690 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
Current [A] x arc voltage [V] x 60
Heat input (kj/s) = ------------------------------------------- 
Travel speed [mm / min] x 1000
،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
E6.2F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE6.2F‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
227
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E1.6.1.2
K6.32.5‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
W‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 EFEF

 9050
 130 65

 185 110


 250 150


 315 200

 350 220


EF
2.5
3.2
4.0
5.0
6.0
6.3

Types ofPolarity‫א‬E2.6.1.2
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Indirect polarity
 Direct polarity
 EF‫א‬J 
EF‫א‬J
 ‫א‬‫א‬J 
 ‫א‬J
 ‫א‬J 
 J 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
‫א‬J
 J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J






- 24 -
‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E1
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2
 K‫א‬‫א‬E3
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E4
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E5
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E6
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬E7
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬E8

 W‫א‬‫א‬E9

 K‫א‬‫א‬EF ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬‫א‬EF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF


 W‫א‬E10

‫א‬‫א‬EF
‫א‬‫א‬EF
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E11
 ‫א‬EF
‫א‬‫א‬EF
- 25 -





‫א‬‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬EF

‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
227
 EF‫א‬
‫א‬








 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ___________________________
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ___________________________
- 26 -
‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K،‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ J

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬2
 K‫א‬12

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬



- 27 -
‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2.2
 E1.2.2
‫א‬‫א‬1914‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 ‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
H2‫א‬O2‫א‬F‫א‬K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬N2‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E7.2F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬




‫א‬‫א‬
Shielded Arc welding submerged Arc welding
 

‫א‬‫א‬
 KJ 19301914
 K‫א‬WE7.2F‫א‬
- 28 -
‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2.2.2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E8.2F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE8.2F‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬E3.2.2
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬
 K‫א‬
  J
 
 
J
J
  J
J

 W،‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

‫א‬KAcid coverings‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬Cellulosic coverings‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬Rutile coverings‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬25 to 30 ml/100g
‫א‬‫א‬Basic coverings‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬E4.2.2
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 W‫א‬E5.2.2
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬DIN‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
156‫א‬BS639‫א‬‫א‬K155148[1]
 K161
EAWSFAmerican welding society‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E – 6010‫א‬K
 W
- 30 -
‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
227
 EF‫א‬
‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 E420 N.mm-2F‫א‬60000‫א‬60
3،‫א‬2FK‫א‬‫א‬ 1
 E‫א‬
 ، 0
 1J
 K
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F2J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬3J
K‫א‬‫א‬4J
K‫א‬‫א‬5J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 6J
K‫א‬7J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 8J
 K‫א‬‫א‬
A1, B1, ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬B2,…
:‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
6010200110‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
- 31 -

‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E1
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2
 ‫؟‬‫؟‬‫א‬E2
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬E4
 W‫א‬‫א‬E5
E – 55 2 4
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E6
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 K‫א‬EF
- 32 -


 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
227
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 EF‫א‬
‫א‬









 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

MIG
______________________
- 33 -
‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K،EMIG)0‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ J

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬4
 K‫א‬8

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3.2
Metal Inert gas arc welding (MIG)
KK19501920‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬MIG‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬TIG‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E2400F‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 ‫א‬‫א‬E1.3.2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KMIG‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E9.2F‫א‬
EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 MIG - Metal inert gas arc welding‫א‬‫א‬WE9.2F
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‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

MIG - Equipment‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2.3.2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E10.2F‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE10.2F‫א‬
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K

 W‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬








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‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 W‫א‬
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E11.2F‫א‬
 KK‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬


 ‫א‬K‫א‬WE11.2F‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 
 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬E12.2F‫א‬K
- 37 -
‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬



 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬WE12.2F‫א‬ 

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
- 38 -
‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

Inert gases‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3.3.2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬G
 W‫א‬‫א‬J
 



 
 



  





 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬

 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K





 

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬

‫א‬


‫א‬







  
 

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪5‫א‬
- 39 -

‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
227
 ‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E1
 EF
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF


 ‫א‬‫א‬EF

‫א‬‫א‬EF

 WMIG‫א‬‫א‬E2
 ‫א‬‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬EF
 
 


‫א‬EF
‫א‬‫א‬EF

 WMIG‫א‬E3
‫א‬EF
 EF
EF
 EF

 EF
 WMIG ‫א‬E4
EF


EF

 W‫א‬MIG‫א‬‫א‬E5
 EF
 EF


 EF
 EF

 WMIG‫א‬E6
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬EF
‫א‬EF‫א‬EF
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
 
227
 EF‫א‬
‫א‬











 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 TIG
_________________________________
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
 
227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬


 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،ETIGF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ J

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬2
 K‫א‬4

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
227
 
 EF‫א‬
‫א‬

 Tungesten inert gas arc welding ‫א‬‫א‬E4.2
‫א‬E1.4.2
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E13.2F‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3400F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬WE13.2F‫א‬
 
‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬TIG‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E200F‫א‬‫א‬
 KEHigh frequencyF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
 
227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

TIG‫א‬‫א‬E2.4.2
‫א‬MIG‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E14.2F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KTIG‫א‬

 TIG‫א‬‫א‬WE14.2F‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
- 44 -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
227
 
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 TIG‫א‬E3.4.2
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬E
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬E15.2F‫א‬

 TIGWE15.2F‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬E
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E16.2F‫א‬K

 TIGWE16.2F‫א‬
- 45 -
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
 
227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 TIGE
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬E17.2F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 TIGWE17.2F‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E4.4.2
‫א‬‫א‬4.5–1.5‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬٪2J 1‫א‬‫א‬
 W
‫א‬J  ‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 

‫א‬ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬J
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- 46 -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
 
227
 EF‫א‬
‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬E5.4.2
 KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- 47 -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
 
227
 EF‫א‬
- 48 -
‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
 
227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E1
 ‫א‬‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬EF

 ‫א‬‫א‬EF

‫א‬‫א‬EF

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2
 ‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF

 W‫א‬‫א‬E3
 ‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬EF




‫א‬EF
‫א‬EF
 WTIG‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E4
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
‫א‬‫א‬EF
‫א‬EF
 WTIG ‫א‬E5

 EF
 EF
  EF
 KEF
 WTIG‫א‬E6
 ‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬EF
- 49 -


‫א‬‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬EF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
 
227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 WTIG‫א‬‫א‬E7
 K‫א‬‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF

 W‫א‬‫א‬TIG‫א‬‫א‬E8
 KEF
 EF
EF

 W‫א‬‫א‬TIG‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E9
 KEF
 A300EF
 EF
EF

 WTIG‫א‬‫א‬E10
‫א‬EF
‫א‬EF
















- 50 -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
 
227
 EF‫א‬
‫א‬




 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 TIG
_________________________________
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
 
227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬


 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،ETIGF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬J 
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ J

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬2
 K‫א‬4

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- 52 -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
227
 
 EF‫א‬
‫א‬

 Tungesten inert gas arc welding ‫א‬‫א‬E4.2
‫א‬E1.4.2
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E13.2F‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3400F‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬WE13.2F‫א‬
 
‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬TIG‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E200F‫א‬‫א‬
 KEHigh frequencyF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
 
227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

TIG‫א‬‫א‬E2.4.2
‫א‬MIG‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E14.2F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KTIG‫א‬

 TIG‫א‬‫א‬WE14.2F‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
227
 
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 TIG‫א‬E3.4.2
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬E
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬E15.2F‫א‬

 TIGWE15.2F‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬E
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E16.2F‫א‬K

 TIGWE16.2F‫א‬
- 55 -
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
 
227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 TIGE
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬E17.2F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 TIGWE17.2F‫א‬

 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E4.4.2
‫א‬‫א‬4.5–1.5‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬٪2J 1‫א‬‫א‬
 W
‫א‬J  ‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 

‫א‬ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬J
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- 56 -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
227
 
 EF‫א‬
‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬E5.4.2
 KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

- 57 -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
 
227
 EF‫א‬
- 58 -
‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
 
227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E1
 ‫א‬‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬EF

 ‫א‬‫א‬EF

‫א‬‫א‬EF

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2
 ‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF

 W‫א‬‫א‬E3
 ‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬EF




‫א‬EF
‫א‬EF
 WTIG‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E4
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
‫א‬‫א‬EF
‫א‬EF
 WTIG ‫א‬E5

 EF
 EF
  EF
 KEF
 WTIG‫א‬E6
 ‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬EF


‫א‬‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬EF
 WTIG‫א‬‫א‬E7
 K‫א‬‫א‬EF
- 59 -
 ‫א‬EF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Z‫א‬‫א‬
 
227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬EF

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF

 W‫א‬‫א‬TIG‫א‬‫א‬E8
 KEF
 EF
EF

 W‫א‬‫א‬TIG‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E9
 KEF
 A300EF
 EF
EF

 WTIG‫א‬‫א‬E10
‫א‬EF
‫א‬EF







- 60 -
EF‫א‬
‫א‬
‫א‬
3
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K،

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ J

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬3
 K‫א‬8

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- 61 -
‫א‬‫א‬
227
‫א‬
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 Gas welding‫א‬‫א‬E3
 ‫א‬‫א‬E1.2
‫א‬KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EFillerF‫א‬EWeld poolF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬EBeadF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬E1.3F‫א‬
K
 E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬E1.3F‫א‬
 ˚‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E1.3
 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 ˚‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
  2526 C3H8‫א‬

2538 
CH4‫א‬
  2650
 H2

2900
KC3H4‫א‬
 3087
C2H2‫א‬

 2927 
C2H4‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ Acetylene (C2H2 , 92.3 % C , 7.7 % H)‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬1815KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬



‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬1892
 KL35K‫א‬
- 62 -
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
227
 EF‫א‬
‫א‬

‫א‬1774K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪20,9‫א‬
K218J ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬860‫א‬‫א‬

 Gas welding equipment‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3.3

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2.3F‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬E2.3F‫א‬
 KK
- 63 -
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 WCylinders‫א‬‫א‬E1.3.3
39010K‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
8–713021‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬E3
‫א‬L7–5150‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬54100‫א‬30‫א‬
L5–315‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬K
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
EatuF2L1.5600
 ،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W،‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE3.3F‫א‬


- 64 -
‫א‬‫א‬
227
‫א‬
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 WPressure gauge‫א‬E2.3.3
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 KE4.3F‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬WE4.3F‫א‬
 
 WRegulator‫א‬E3.3.3
 KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WSafety valve‫א‬E4.3.3
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K160K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WTorchE‫א‬،‫א‬F‫א‬E5.3.3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬ KK‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
KK‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬KE300.2F‫א‬‫א‬EBase metalF
 ‫א‬E5.3F‫א‬


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‫א‬‫א‬
227
‫א‬
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 
 
 E‫א‬F‫א‬WE5.3F‫א‬
 WHoses‫א‬‫א‬E6.3.3
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K5K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 

 K‫א‬E6.3F‫א‬K



 
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE6.3F‫א‬
 

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
‫א‬‫א‬
227
‫א‬
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 WFlame types‫א‬‫א‬E4.3

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KK‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬º25003000‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬º1000
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Kº1800‫א‬
 K‫א‬E7.3F‫א‬K‫א‬



 ‫א‬WE7.3F‫א‬
- 67 -
 

‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Carburizing flame‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE8.3F‫א‬
 

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Oxidizing flame‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE9.3F‫א‬
 

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ Neutral flame ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE10.3F‫א‬
 






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‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E1
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2
 ‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3
 K‫א‬‫א‬E4

 W‫א‬E5
 EF
 ‫א‬EF




‫א‬‫א‬EF
‫א‬‫א‬EF

 WE6
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E4
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EF‫א‬


4
‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
227
 EF‫א‬
‫א‬











 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
_________________________
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‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬J
 KK‫א‬ J

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬3
 K‫א‬4

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬









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‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 Resistance welding‫א‬‫א‬E1.4
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬65000100254
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 W‫א‬E1.1.4
Direct F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Ecurrent
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E1.4F‫א‬


 ‫א‬‫א‬WE1.4F‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬KE2.4F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

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‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE2.4F‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2.1.4
 WE6.4FE3.4F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬EFSeam welding‫א‬‫א‬J
K
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE3.4F‫א‬
- 73 -
 
‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
227
‫א‬‫א‬
 EF‫א‬
‫א‬

‫א‬Projection resistsnce welding‫א‬‫א‬J
 E4.4F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 WE4.4F‫א‬
KE 65000FFlash welding‫א‬‫א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E5.4F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE5.4F‫א‬



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‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3.1.4
 ،J 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
 E0.004 inF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 ‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬J 
 Thermit welding‫א‬E3.4
 ‫א‬E1.3.4
‫א‬٪2‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E1F،K
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬E2F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE3F‫א‬‫א‬
E6.4F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

K‫א‬
K‫א‬WE6.4F‫א‬ 
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
‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
227
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬E2.2.4
 KJ
 K‫א‬‫א‬J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 ‫א‬J
 WSoldering and brazing‫א‬‫א‬E3.4
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 KK‫א‬‫א‬{
 ‫א‬E1.3.4
‫א‬E‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
0.07 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE8.4F‫א‬


 
 
 ‫א‬WE8.4F‫א‬
 
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‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
227
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

‫א‬E9.4F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬WE9.4F‫א‬
 
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E750‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬
Filler rod‫א‬E2.3.4
،‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E1F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 
 K‫א‬
‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 
٪٪‫א‬٪
 ‫א‬‫א‬220J 1834.50.595
 ‫א‬236J 183

60 J J 40
  ‫א‬ 214J 183 49.5
 K‫א‬‫א‬WE1F‫א‬ 
0.550

،،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬K
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‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
227
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬E2F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 º‫א‬‫א‬ ٪
٪‫א‬ ٪‫א‬
 870–760
 0.85‫א‬

50
 
50
 870–860
 0.85

45
 
54


40
 
50
J J 
 
79
  

 900J 860
 800–705
10
714
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE2F‫א‬
 

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3.3.4
K‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
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‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

K‫א‬‫א‬E1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E2
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3
K‫א‬ E4
K‫א‬‫א‬ E5
 K‫א‬ E6
K‫א‬ E7
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ E8

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‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
227

 EF‫א‬
‫א‬











 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 
 _____________________
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 

_____________________
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‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬1

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
227

‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 Advanced welding processesE4.4
 Electron beam welding‫א‬‫א‬E1.4.4
 W‫א‬E1.1.4.4
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬
K15000‫א‬‫א‬L224000‫א‬K‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬Q = 0.212 . E (V). I (A)‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K900‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬E10.4F‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬WE10.4F‫א‬ 
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‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

227
 EF‫א‬
‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2.1.4.4
  -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬ -
KEVacuumF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
E12000<F‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬J
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‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
227

 EF‫א‬
‫א‬

 Arc – plasma welding‫א‬E2.4.4
 W‫א‬E1.2.4.4
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K11000‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KK‫א‬‫א‬KK‫א‬2J 1‫א‬‫א‬
 KE11.4F

 ‫א‬WE11.4F‫א‬ 
 W‫א‬‫א‬E2.2.4.4
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬-
150‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬153 0.1 J K


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‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 Laser beam welding‫א‬E3.4.4
 W‫א‬E1.3.4.4
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E٪050
K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬4000‫א‬
 K‫א‬E12.4F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 

 
 ‫א‬WE12.4F‫א‬
 
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‫א‬‫א‬–‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬
E1
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E2
 K‫א‬
E3
‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
E4
E5


E6














- 86 -
EF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
5
48
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬2

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- 87 -
‫א‬‫א‬
227
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E5
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E1.5
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
Non – ferrous
Ferrous‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KE
 E‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬
 Cast iron

 Grey CI


 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 Steel
 
White CIJ 
Ductile CIJ 


Carbon steel
  ‫א‬ -
‫א‬ -
 

‫א‬ -
   Alloyed steel
 ‫א‬J
 ‫א‬J
 




  ‫א‬J
 
 ‫א‬E2.5
 ‫א‬‫א‬W
 0.02 – 0,22٪‫א‬J
 K‫א‬J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J

- 88 -
‫א‬‫א‬
227
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 EF‫א‬
‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬W
 0.22 – 0,4٪‫א‬J
 KJ
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 W‫א‬‫א‬W
 0.45 – 0,8٪‫א‬J
 KJ
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K
 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
Ni‫א‬Cr‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬ Mn‫א‬Ti‫א‬Mo‫א‬W‫א‬V‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬
227
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

2.5 F‫א‬E٪2.5F‫א‬W‫א‬
٪5510F‫א‬E٪10
W‫א‬‫א‬ -
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬
‫א‬ •
‫א‬ •
‫א‬‫א‬ •
 •
 W‫א‬‫א‬ -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ •
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫• א‬

‫א‬ •
Stress reliefingE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬ •
 ‫א‬‫א‬E2,5
 ٪4.6٪2‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
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‫א‬‫א‬
227
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K
 KE٪70٪30F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬J
 KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K600–500‫א‬ •
٪50‫א‬‫א‬ •
K٪3٪47
 KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 ‫א‬E4.5
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬2050
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  K‫א‬٪5‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 W‫א‬‫א‬E1
٪28٪50‫א‬G
 K٪8٪14
 ٪2٪5G
 K5G
 K‫א‬G
 K260–250‫א‬E2
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‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
227
 EF‫א‬
‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪350–300‫א‬E3
٪50٪15‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K٪35
‫א‬100–14‫א‬MIG‫א‬J
 K140.5TIG
75002‫א‬‫א‬J
 K0.1231000‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬E5.5
،E‫א‬5.5F‫א‬‫א‬Cu‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K
٪0.2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬٪0.3
٪20٪10‫א‬٪70‫א‬J
 K
 K500–400J
EZn‫א‬F‫א‬EHFE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K907
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬
227
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E1
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E3
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E2
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E4
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E6
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E5
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E7
 K‫א‬‫א‬
E9
K‫א‬‫א‬
E8











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EF‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
6
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬ J
‫א‬ J
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ J
 K‫א‬ J

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬4
 K‫א‬4

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
 KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- 94 -
‫א‬‫א‬
227
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 WWelding defects‫א‬E6
‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬E1.6
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
500‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 KK‫א‬‫א‬ -


 ‫א‬‫א‬  ‫א‬‫א‬





 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬

 ‫א‬




 ‫א‬
 ‫א‬WE1.6F‫א‬
 



- 95 -
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 W‫א‬E2.6
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
 ‫א‬‫א‬E1.2.6
 ‫א‬J
 EAging‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬_‫א‬‫א‬_‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 KFatigue‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ AlZr،Ti
 KK‫א‬
 W‫א‬J
5 – 30 ml/ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
100g
‫א‬K،W
EHazF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬F‫א‬
 
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
[H] ‫א‬‫א‬HF‫א‬‫א‬
 + (F) ---- (HF)

- 96 -
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 ‫א‬J
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
‫א‬Fe3O4‫א‬‫א‬W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W
[FeO] + (SiO2) ----- (SiO2.FeO)
 {K‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2.2.6
 S‫א‬J
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 0.01%‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K1190‫א‬‫א‬EFeSF‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ 1450–1500
MnAlTiO2‫א‬CaF2‫א‬‫א‬
٪5O2K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬SiO2‫א‬
 KP‫ א‬-
 K‫א‬‫א‬0.02%‫א‬
1170Fe3P‫א‬
 KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬P2O5 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬ECaOF3
------- (Ca3P2O8)F3CaOE[P2O5] +
- 97 -
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3.2.6
‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W
 ‫א‬‫א‬E
F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E1F‫א‬E0F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 E2.6F‫א‬E62

 ‫א‬‫א‬WE2.6F‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 KE‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
25‫א‬6J 2‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬
- 98 -
‫א‬‫א‬
227
‫א‬‫א‬
 EF‫א‬
‫א‬


 E1300–01000‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
E900–723F‫א‬‫א‬ 
E750–500F‫א‬ K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E500–100F‫א‬ -
 W‫א‬‫א‬E
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬
 WCarbon equivalent‫א‬‫א‬
C.e. = C% + Mn%/6 + (Cr% + Mo% + V%) / 5 + (Ni% +Cu%)/15
 W
 300 VPN> ‫א‬
0.38%Z‫א‬‫א‬
 VPN300Z‫א‬0.4Z‫א‬‫א‬
 400 VPNZ‫א‬0.5%Z‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬K300 VPN ‫א‬‫א‬
E‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬F‫א‬‫א‬
E200J 75F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 K300 ml / 100g
- 99 -
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
227
 EF‫א‬
‫א‬

 Distortion‫א‬E
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 KK
 W‫א‬
  -
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
  -
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬50–40‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬E4.2.6
 W
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ K‫א‬ -
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ -
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
- 100 -
‫א‬‫א‬
227
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬E3.6
 ‫א‬E1.3.6
 W‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬‫א‬J
 K‫א‬J
 W،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ BS 5500‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬6–3
‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬

 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬٪2
‫א‬
 
‫א‬
 
‫א‬
 
 K1<K151>
‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2.3.6
 K‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬E
،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E
،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 K‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬E
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

F‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬  W‫א‬E
،‫א‬،‫א‬،،‫א‬،
 EKKKKKKKK،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬E
،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬E
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K

 ‫א‬‫א‬E3.3.6
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫؟‬‫א‬J 
 ‫א‬‫א‬J 
‫؟؟‬‫א‬J 
‫؟‬‫א‬‫א‬J 
‫א‬J  ‫א‬‫א‬J  
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬J  
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‫א‬‫א‬
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‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 Weldments inspection methods‫א‬E4.6
Destructive testing methods‫א‬‫א‬E1.4.6
‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬BS2633 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ASME 9
 ‫א‬‫א‬E
K‫א‬E3.6F‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬


 K‫א‬‫א‬WE3.6F‫א‬ 










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‫א‬‫א‬
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 EF‫א‬
‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬E
 EF‫א‬E4.6F‫א‬EF‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬WE4.6F‫א‬ 
 ‫א‬‫א‬E
‫א‬E5.6F‫א‬KEF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬ ‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE5.6F‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬
Non – destructive testing methods

‫א‬‫א‬E2.4.6
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
F‫א‬E Ray–X F‫א‬،EUltra SonicF‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KEDye penterantF‫א‬‫א‬EMagnet Field
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 Visual inspection ‫א‬‫א‬E1.2.4.6
،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬
E6.6F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 


 ‫א‬‫א‬WE6.6F‫א‬
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‫א‬‫א‬
227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 Dye penetrant‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2.2.4.6
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E
K‫א‬KK‫א‬
E

KK‫א‬EF
E

K‫א‬‫א‬
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
E

E
 ‫א‬‫א‬KE7.6F‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬WE7.6F‫א‬ 
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‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 WUltrasonic waves‫א‬‫א‬E2.2.4.6
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬K‫א‬
 K‫א‬‫א‬E8.6F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
 K،‫א‬
  
‫א‬‫א‬WE8.6F‫א‬
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 
‫א‬‫א‬
227
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 WX – Ray test‫א‬‫א‬E3.2.4.6
‫א‬KX‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬،K‫א‬
‫א‬E9.6F‫א‬KK‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬K



K‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE9.6F‫א‬
  
Magnetic field test‫א‬‫א‬E4.2.4.6
،‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،
‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬KK
 KK‫א‬E10.6F‫א‬KKE5–3
 ‫א‬‫א‬WE10.6F‫א‬ 
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
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬
227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

Pressure test‫א‬E5.2.4.6
K‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬KK‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E11.6F‫א‬K‫א‬‫א‬K
 K‫א‬‫א‬

 

 
‫א‬‫א‬WE11.6F‫א‬
 
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‫א‬‫א‬
227
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 ‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E1
 ‫א‬‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF




 ‫א‬‫א‬EF
‫א‬‫א‬EF

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2
 ‫א‬‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF




 ‫א‬‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬‫א‬EF

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3
 ‫א‬‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF





EF
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E4
 EF
 ‫א‬EF
 EF
 ‫א‬‫א‬EF




 ‫א‬‫א‬EF
 KEF
 ‫א‬EF





EF
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF



 W‫א‬E5
‫א‬‫א‬EF

EF

 W‫א‬‫א‬E6

 ‫א‬‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬‫א‬EF

 W‫א‬‫א‬E7
‫א‬EF ‫א‬EF ‫א‬EF

- 110 -
‫א‬‫א‬
227
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬EF
 ‫א‬EF

 W‫א‬‫א‬E8
 ‫א‬EF ‫א‬EF ‫א‬EF

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E9
‫א‬‫א‬EF‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF ‫א‬EF

 W‫א‬E10
 EF‫א‬‫א‬EF ‫א‬EF
- 111 -
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬EF
227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬
‫א‬

Glossary
acceptance
accessories
accurate
achieve
adjusting
allowance
alloyed steel
alloying elements
American welding society
angular distortion
approval
approve
approximation
Arc
arc length
arc voltage
asymmetrical
atmosphere
average
Backfire
Backhand
basic covering
Bead
behaviour
Bending test
Brazing
Butt joint
Capacity
capping run
Carburizing flame
cellulosic coverings
characteristics
check
client
Corner joint
‫ﻗﺒﻮل‬
‫ﻣﻠﺤﻘﺎت‬
‫ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ‬،‫ دﻗﻴﻖ‬، ‫ﻣﺤﻜﻢ‬
‫ﻳﺤﻘﻖ‬
‫ﺿﺒﻂ‬
‫ﺳﻤﺎح‬
‫ﺻﻠﺐ ﺳﺒﺎﺋﻜﻰ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺳﺒﺎﺋﻜﻴﺔ‬
‫هﻴﺌﺔ اﻟﻠﺤﺎم اﻷﻣﺮﻳﻜﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺸﻮﻩ زاوي‬
‫ ﻣﻮاﻓﻘﺔ ﻋﻠﻲ‬،‫ﺗﺼﺪﻳﻖ‬
‫ ﻳﻔﺤﺺ ﻟﻠﻤﻮاﻓﻘﺔ‬، ‫ﻳﺼﺪق‬
‫ ﺗﺨﻤﻴﻦ‬،‫ ﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ‬،‫ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺐ‬
‫ﻗﻮس‬
‫ ﻃﻮل اﻟﻘﻮس‬، ‫ﺟﺬع اﻟﻘﻮس‬
‫ﺟﻬﺪ اﻟﻘﻮس‬
‫ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺠﻮ اﻟﻤﺤﻴﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﺤﺎم‬
‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬
‫أﺷﻌﺎل رﺟﻮﻋﻲ‬
‫ﻟﺤﺎم ﺗﻘﻬﻘﺮي‬
‫ﻣﺴﺤﻮق ﻗﺎﻋﺪي‬
‫اﻟﺪرزة‬
‫ﺗﺼﺮف‬
‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺤﻨﻰ‬
‫ﻟﺤﺎم اﻟﻤﻮﻧﺔ‬
‫وﺻﻠﺔ ﺗﻨﺎآﺒﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺳﻌﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺸﻮط اﻷﺧﻴﺮ ﻟﻠﺤﺎم‬
‫ﻟﻬﺐ ﻣﻜﺮﺑﻦ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺴﻠﻴﻠﻮزﻳﺔ ﺗﻐﻄﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ‬
‫ﻳﺨﺘﺒﺮ‬
‫زﺑﻮن‬
‫وﺻﻠﺔ رآﻨﻴﺔ‬
‫א‬
227
 EF‫א‬
cold pressure welding
composition
concentration
constituents
contamination
contraction
Cracks
crater
cross section
current supply
Cylinder
De-oxidation
depth
Destructive testing
Direct polarity
Dye penetrant
Edge joint
edge preparation
Electric arc
Electric resistance
Electrode
electrode efficiency
essential parameters
expansion
final run
Filler
Filling runs
fixed
Flame
flame cone
Flame core
Flame cutting
Flash welding
flashing back
Flat
flow of current
Forehand
formula
‫א‬

‫ﻟﺤﺎم ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻲ اﻟﺒﺎرد‬
‫ﺗﺮآﻴﺐ‬
‫ﺗﺮآﻴﺰ‬
‫ﻣﻜﻮﻧﺎت‬
‫ ﺷﻮاﺋﺐ‬،‫ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻨﺎت‬
‫اﻧﻜﻤﺎش‬
‫ﺷﻘﻮق‬
‫ﺣﻔﺮة‬
‫ﻣﻘﻄﻊ‬
‫اﻣﺪاد ﺑﺎﻟﺘﻴﺎر‬
‫أﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺔ‬
‫اﺧﺘﺰال‬
‫ﻋﻤﻖ‬
‫اﻟﻔﺤﺺ اﻻﺗﻼﻓﻰ‬
‫ﻗﻄﺒﻴﺔ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة‬
‫ﺳﻮاﺋﻞ ﻧﺎﻓﺬة‬
‫وﺻﻠﺔ ﻃﺮﻓﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺠﻬﻴﺰ اﻟﺤﻮاف‬
‫ﻗﻮس آﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻲ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ آﻬﺮﺑﺎﺋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻗﻄﺐ‬
‫آﻔﺎءة اﻻﻟﻜﺘﺮود‬
‫ﻣﻘﻮﻣﺎت ﻣﻬﻤﺔ‬
‫ﺗﻤﺪد‬
‫اﻟﺸﻮط اﻟﻨﻬﺎﺋﻰ‬
‫ ﻣﺎدة اﻟﺤﺸﻮ‬، ‫ﺳﻠﻚ اﻟﻠﺤﺎم‬
‫أﺷﻮاط ﺗﻌﺒﺌﺔ‬
‫ ﻣﺤﺪد‬،‫ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬
‫ﻟﻬﺐ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺮوط اﻟﻠﻬﺐ‬
‫ﻗﻠﺐ اﻟﻠﻬﺐ‬
‫ﻗﻄﻊ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻬﺐ‬
‫ﻟﺤﺎم وﻣﻀﻲ‬
‫وﻣﺾ ﺧﻠﻔﻲ‬
‫ﺳﻔﻠﻲ‬
‫ﺳﺮﻳﺎن اﻟﺘﻴﺎر‬
‫ﻟﺤﺎم ﺗﻘﺪﻣﻲ‬
‫ﻗﺎﻧﻮن‬
‫א‬
227
 EF‫א‬
‫א‬

fracture
‫آﺴﺮ‬
Friction welding
‫ﻟﺤﺎم أﺣﺘﻜﺎآﻲ‬
Fusion welding
‫ﻟﺤﺎم ﺣﺮاري‬
gap
‫ ﺛﻐﺮة‬،‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺷﺌﻴﻦ‬
Gas igniter
‫ﻣﺸﻌﻞ اﻟﻐﺎز‬
generator
‫ﻣﻮﻟﺪ‬
Hardness test
‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺼﻼدة‬
heat distribution
‫ﺗﻮزع اﻟﺤﺮارة‬
heat input
‫ إدﺧﺎل ﺣﺮارة‬،‫ﺗﺴﺨﻴﻦ‬
heat source
‫ﻣﺼﺪر اﻟﺤﺮارة‬
high frequency
‫ﺗﺮدد ﻋﺎﻟﻰ‬
Horizontal
‫أﻓﻘﻲ‬
Hose
‫ﺧﺮﻃﻮم‬
Hose clips
‫ﻣﺎﺳﻜﺎت اﻟﺨﺮﻃﻮم‬
hot pressure welding
‫ﻟﺤﺎم ﺑﺎﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺴﺎﺧﻦ‬
Impact test
‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺼﺪم‬
improvement
‫ ﺗﻄﻮﻳﺮ‬، ‫ﺗﺤﺴﻴﻦ‬
indirect polarity
‫ﻗﻄﺒﻴﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮة‬
induction heating
‫ﺗﺴﺨﻴﻦ ﺑﺘﻴﺎر ﺣﺜﻲ‬
Inert gas
‫ﻏﺎز ﺧﺎﻣﻞ‬
Influence
‫ﺗﺄﺛﻴﺮ‬
Inlet
‫ﻣﺪﺧﻞ‬
Inspection
‫ﻓﺤﺺ‬
Inversely
‫ﻋﻜﺴﻴﺎ‬
inverter
‫ﻣﻐﻴﺮ ﺗﻴﺎر‬
keyholing
‫ﻓﺘﺢ ﺛﻘﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﺤﺎم‬
killed steel
‫ﺻﻠﺐ ﻣﺨﻤﺪ‬
lap joint
‫وﺻﻠﺔ ﺗﺮاآﺒﻴﺔ‬
leakage
‫ﺗﺴﺮب‬
light fabrications
‫أﻧﺸﺎءات ﺧﻔﻴﻔﺔ‬
limitations
‫ﺣﺪود‬
Load
‫ﺣﻤﻞ‬
longitudinal expansion
‫ﺗﻤﺪد ﻃﻮﻟﻰ‬
Magnetic field
‫ﻣﺠﺎل ﻣﻐﻨﺎﻃﻴﺴﻰ‬
Metal inert gas Arc welding MIG‫ﻟﺤﺎم ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺘﺮود ﻳﻨﺼﻬﺮ وﻏﺎز ﺧﺎﻣﻞ‬
mild steel
‫ﺻﻠﺐ ﻃﺮي‬
Mixing chamber
‫ﺣﻴﺰ اﻟﺨﻠﻂ‬
Neutral flame
‫ﻟﻬﺐ ﻣﺘﻌﺎدل‬
‫א‬
227
 EF‫א‬
Non - destructive testing
Nozzle
Occur
Orifice
Outlet
Outlet
Overhead
Oxidizing flame
parent metal
passage of electricity
Phase
Pin holes
Porosity
power source
preheating
Pressure gauge
pressure vessels
pridect
procedure
protection
Protective cap
purpose
rapidly developing
Rays
rectifier
regulator
requirements
residual stresses
response
root run
rutile coverings
Salg inclusions
sample
seam welding
shematic diagram
Shielded Arc welding
shrinkage
Slag
‫א‬

‫ﻓﺤﺺ ﻏﻴﺮ اﺗﻼﻓﻰ‬
‫ﻓﻮهﺔ‬
‫ﻳﺤﺪث‬
‫ﻓﻮهﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺮج‬
‫ﻣﺨﺮج‬
‫ﻟﺤﺎم ﺳﻘﻔﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻬﺐ ﻣﺆآﺴﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻌﺪن اﻟﻤﺠﺎور‬
‫اﻟﻜﻬﺮﺑﺎء ﻣﺮور‬
‫ﻃﻮر‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻣﺎت‬
‫ﻓﺠﻮات ﻏﺎزﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺪر اﻟﻄﺎﻗﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺴﺨﻴﻦ أوﻟﻰ‬
‫ﻣﻘﻴﺎس اﻟﻀﻐﻆ‬
‫ﺧﺰاﻧﺎت ﺿﻐﻂ‬
‫ ﺗﻮﻗﻊ‬،‫ﺗﻨﺒﺄ‬
‫ﺗﺴﻠﺴﻞ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ‬
‫ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻏﻄﺎء ﺣﻤﺎﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻏﺮض‬
‫ﻣﺘﻄﻮر ﺑﺴﺮﻋﺔ‬
‫أﺷﻌﺔ‬
‫ ﻣﻌﺪل اﻟﺘﻴﺎر‬، ‫ﻣﻘﻮم‬
‫ﻣﻨﻈﻢ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎت‬
‫اﺟﻬﺎدات ﻣﺘﺒﻘﻴﺔ‬
‫ رد ﻓﻌﻞ‬،‫ﺗﻔﺎﻋﻞ‬
‫ﺷﻮط اﻟﺠﺬر‬
‫)ﺗﻐﻄﻴﺔ روﺗﻴﻠﻴﺔ ) أآﺴﻴﺪ ﺗﻴﺘﺎﻧﻴﻮم‬
‫ﺗﻀﻤﻴﻨﺎت ﺧﺒﺜﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻋﻴﻨﺔ‬
‫)ﻟﺤﺎم ﺷﺮﻳﻄﻲ )ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ‬
‫رﺳﻢ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻰ‬
‫ﻟﺤﺎم ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺘﺮود ﻣﻐﻠﻒ‬
‫ ﺗﻘﻠﺺ‬، ‫اﻧﻜﻤﺎش‬
‫ﺧﺒﺚ‬
‫א‬
227
 EF‫א‬
Slot
Soldering
Spanner
Splash of metal
Spot welding
straightening
stress concentration
Submerged Arc welding
supplying
symmetrical
T- Joint
Tensile test
termination
thermal conductivity
Thermit welding
thershold
tool steel
Torch
transverse shrinkage
Tungesten Arc welding TIG
Ultra Sonic
Ultrasonic testing
Underbead cracks
Undercut
vacuum chamber
Valve
ventilation
Vertical
Visual inspection
Weld pool
Weld quality
Weldability
Welding
welding defects
welding positions
Welding technique
Working pressure
‫א‬

‫ﺣﺰ‬
‫ﻟﺤﺎم اﻟﺴﻤﻜﺮة‬
‫ﻣﻔﺘﺎح رﺑﻂ‬
‫ رذاذ اﻟﻤﻌﺪن‬- ‫رﺷﺎش‬
( ‫ﻟﺤﺎم اﻟﺒﻘﻌﺔ )اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫ ﺗﻘﻮﻳﻢ‬، ‫اﺳﺘﻌﺪال‬
‫ﺗﻤﺮآﺰ اﻻﺟﻬﺎدات‬
‫ﻟﺤﺎم اﻟﻘﻮس اﻟﻤﻐﻤﻮرة‬
‫اﻹﻣﺪاد‬
‫ﻣﺘﻤﺎﺛﻞ‬
T ‫وﺻﻠﺔ ﺣﺮف‬
‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر اﻟﺸﺪ‬
‫أﺑﻌﺎد‬،‫ ﻗﺺ‬،‫إزاﻟﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻮﺻﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻟﺤﺎم اﻟﺜﺮﻣﻴﺖ‬
‫ﺣﺪ أﻗﺼﻰ‬
‫ﺻﻠﺐ اﻟﻌﺪد )ﺻﻠﺐ ﺳﺒﺎﺋﻜﻰ‬
(‫ﻣﺸﻌﻞ )ﺑﻮري‬
‫اﻧﻜﻤﺎش ﻋﺮﺿﻲ‬
‫ﻟﺤﺎم ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺘﺮود ﺗﻨﺠﺴﺘﻦ‬
‫ﻓﻮق ﺳﻤﻌﻰ‬
‫اﺧﺘﺒﺎر ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮﺟﺎت ﻓﻮق اﻟﺴﻤﻌﻴﺔأ‬
‫ﺷﻘﻮق داﺧﻠﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻗﺺ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ‬
‫ﻏﺮﻓﺔ ﺗﻔﺮﻳﻎ اﻟﻬﻮاء‬
‫ﺻﻤﺎم‬
‫ﺗﻬﻮﻳﺔ‬
‫رأﺳﻲ‬
‫ﻓﺤﺺ ﺑﺼﺮي ) ﻳﺎﻟﻨﻈﺮ‬
‫ﺣﻮض اﻟﻠﺤﺎم‬
‫ﺟﻮدة اﻟﻠﺤﺎم‬
‫ﻗﺎﺑﻠﻴﺔ اﻟﻠﺤﺎم‬
‫ﻟﺤﺎم‬
‫ﻋﻴﻮب اﻟﻠﺤﺎم‬
‫أوﺿﺎع اﻟﻠﺤﺎم‬
‫اﻷﺳﻠﻮب اﻟﻔﻨﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺎم‬
‫ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﺘﺸﻐﻴﻞ‬
227
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬
1978،‫א‬‫א‬،،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫ א‬E1
 K
‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬KK،،‫א‬ E2
K1982
Welding principles and applications, Larry Jeffus, 4th edition, Delmar E3
publisherUSA, 1999.
Welding Engineering,R.L. Agrawal, Khanna publisher, Delhi, 1985. E4

1987،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬K،‫א‬ E5
Practical welding, S. Gibson, Mcmillan press, London, 1994 E6
Principles of welding , L. M. Gourd, thitd edition, Edward Arnold, 1995, E7
London



2006،‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬‫א‬ E8
rd
 Work shop Technology, part 3, W.A.J. Chapman, 3 Edition, Arnold, 1986 E9

‫א‬
227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 W‫א‬
 ‫א‬
 31
 3

‫א‬
 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬E1.1
‫א‬‫א‬E2.1
 3
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3.1
 4
‫א‬E5.1
 6
‫א‬E7.1
 4
 5
 6
 8
 11
 11
 12
 15
‫א‬E4.1
‫א‬E6.1
‫א‬E8.1
‫א‬‫א‬E9.1
‫א‬‫א‬E10.1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E1.10.1
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2.10.1
‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 3
 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2
 3
‫א‬‫א‬E1.2
 4
‫א‬‫א‬E2.1.2
 7
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E4.1.2
 3
 5
 8
 8
E1.1.2
‫א‬‫א‬E3.1.2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E5.1.2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E6.1.2
‫א‬
 9
 9
 10
227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E1.6.1.2
‫א‬E2.1.6.2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
 13
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2.2
 14
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2.2.2
 15
‫א‬‫א‬E4.2.2
 13
 14
 15
 17
 20
E1.2.2
‫א‬‫א‬E3.2.2
‫א‬E5.2.2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E3.2
 20
MIG‫א‬‫א‬E1.3.2
 24
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3.3.2
 21
 25
28
 28
 29
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2.3.2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
TIG‫א‬‫א‬E4.2
‫א‬E1.4.2
TIG‫א‬‫א‬E2.4.2
 29
TIG‫א‬E3.4.2
 32
TIG‫א‬E5.4.2
 31
 34
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E4.4.2
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
 3
227
‫א‬
 EF‫א‬

 ‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E3
 3
‫א‬‫א‬E1.3
 4
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3.3
 6
‫א‬E2.3.3
 6
‫א‬E4.3.3
 7
‫א‬‫א‬E6.3.3
 3
 5
 6
 6
 8
 10
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2.3
‫א‬‫א‬E1.3.3
 ‫א‬E3.3.3
‫א‬E5.3.3
‫א‬‫א‬E4.3
‫א‬‫א‬
 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 3
 3
 4
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬،‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E1.4
‫א‬E1.1.4
‫א‬‫א‬E2.1.4
 6
‫א‬‫א‬E3.1.4

 6
 6
‫א‬E2.4
 7
‫א‬E1.2.4
‫א‬‫א‬E2.2.4
 7
 7
‫א‬E1.3.4
 9
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3.3.4
 8
 10
‫א‬‫א‬E3.4
‫א‬E2.3.4
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬
227
 EF‫א‬
‫א‬

 W‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 13
 W‫א‬‫א‬
E4.4
 13
‫א‬‫א‬E1.4.4
 14
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2.1.4.4
 15
‫א‬E1.2.4.4
 13
 15
‫א‬E1.1.4.4
‫א‬E2.4.4
 15
‫א‬‫א‬E2.2.4.4
 16
‫א‬E1.3.4.4
 16
 17
‫א‬E3.4.4
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬
 3
 ‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬ EK5
3
‫א‬E2.5
6
‫א‬E4.5
3
5
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E1.5
‫א‬‫א‬E3.5
 7
‫א‬E5.5
 3
 ‫א‬‫א‬W‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬ EK6
 4
‫א‬E2.6
 8
 3
 4
 5
 6
‫א‬‫א‬
‫א‬‫א‬E1.6
‫א‬‫א‬E1.2.6
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2.2.6
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E3.2.6
‫א‬
 8
227
 EF‫א‬
‫א‬

‫א‬E4.2.6
 9
‫א‬‫א‬E3.6
 9
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2.3.6K
 9
 10
 11
 11
‫א‬E1.3.6
‫א‬‫א‬E3.3.6
‫א‬E4.6
‫א‬‫א‬E1.4.6
 13
‫א‬‫א‬E2.4.6
 14
‫א‬‫א‬‫א‬E2.2.4.6
 13
 15
 16
 16
 17
 18
‫א‬‫א‬E1.2.4.6
‫א‬‫א‬E3.4.62
‫א‬‫א‬E4.2.4.6
‫א‬‫א‬E5.2.4.6
‫א‬E6.2.4.6
‫א‬‫א‬