Study copy downloaded by Mamta Mittal of Comcast on 27/12/2023
SIP Trunking
PLEASE READ CAREFULLY
This PDF may help you make notes as you work through the online course. It is
provided 'as is' and is only for use by the student who downloads it. Please see the
header of each page.
Slides may not fully represent what you see on the online training (in fact some
slides are blank where quizzes and other animated elements and embedded
webpages should be) and again, this PDF is an 'aid' not a replacement for the online
material. Images are not of the same quality as seen online due to PDF compression
settings
The 'principle' of the online material is that as SIP evolves, so does the online
material. Consequently, a PDF you download today may not reflect what's on the
screen tomorrow.
This PDF is not for distribution of any kind and is protected by copyright for Vocale
Ltd, the owner of The SIP School. Distribution of any kind will result in your logon
1
being revoked plus any additional action that Vocale Ltd deems necessary.
1
Topics
A Basic Overview
SIP of
Trunks
and MPLS
Benefits
SIP Trunking
MPLS Explained
and it's Benefits
SIP Trunking
– more depth
VPLS
SIP Trunking
in the Network
SD-WAN
plus examples
SIP ‘PBX’
Peering
trunks
LCRConfiguring
and DisasterSIP
Recovery
Example
SIP Trunk configurations
Number
Consolidation
Outbound
dialling rules
Virtual
Presences
Outbound‘Variations’
Call example and analysis
SIP Trunking
SIP
trunk ‘Modes’ of Operation
Media
Gateways
Security and
SIP trunks
SIP Trunking
'Performance'
DSL Microsoft
onto Fibre(a little)
Troubleshooting
Bursting
and Elasticityand SIP Interop
Choosing an ITSP
SIP Trunk ‘Connectivity’
ITSP Checklist
Summary and a Quiz
2
“A trunk is a term that was
used to describe telephone
lines
from the
telephone
“Anyone
heard
of SIP?”
company that connected
business telephone systems
to the rest of the world. ”
“Actually, I’m taking a ‘SIP’ right now”
“Where can I get a
SIP Phone?”
Conference
“Is it everywhere yet?”
“Is it better than Skype?”
“I suppose I can run SIP in my cell phone”
3
1
Copyright Vocale Ltd and The SIP School - and Not for distribution
Study copy downloaded by Mamta Mittal of Comcast on 27/12/2023
“It’s“Did
an Internet
Linethat
or link
for a call”
I just hear
right?
“a SIP trunk is a virtual SIP
“Hmmm,
not quite
but
“Ok,
so anyone
want
to let
tell
entity
on
a server
constrained
me tell
what
SIPyou”
Trunking
by a me
predefined
set
of policies
means?”
and rules that
determine how to
process requests.”
“A Call
that runs
“What…?”
over VoIP?”
Conference
“It’syou
a replacement
for ISDN”
“Can
speak in English
please?”
“Maybe
“Something
it’s not the
to do
Elephants
with
who’ve
Elephants
been
and
drinking”
drinking?”
“It“So
allows
calls
to cross
thecustomer
Internet for
free”
that’s
what
I tell my
eh?”
4
Voice Communications
Less Money
Equal/better
quality
greater
functionality
5
1 x IP network
Connection
e.g.. DSL or Fibre
Internet Telephony
Service Provider
2 x SIP trunks
PSTN
6
2
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PSTN
T1 / E1 / Basic Rate
T1 = 23 lines in PRI/QSIG mode
(24 in T1 mode)
E1 = 30 usable lines
Traditional T1 / E1 or Basic Rate link to the PSTN
7
PSTN
SIP trunk
‘Broadband’ Link
ITSP
Youa decide
Trunking
many
Gateway
trunksTelephony
you need Service Provider.
SIP Trunk across
DSL SIP
linkhow
to the
Internet
8
SIP trunk
Symmetric DSL
ITSP
Data
Asymmetric DSL
Internet ISP
Keep your Data Choose
and Voice
separate
SDSL
ratherand
thanemploy
ADSL QoS techniques
9
3
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SIP trunk
Symmetric DSL
ITSP
Voice andData
Data on one DSL link
Asymmetric DSL
Internet ISP
And if you ‘Converge’ your networks – QoS is a must!
10
Codec choice
is also
important
/ G.729 ~ 40Kbps
SIP trunk
G.711 ~ 100Kbps
Symmetric
4Mbps SDSL
DSL
ITSP
4Mbps / 100Kbps ~ 45 Calls
Codecs
11
Benefits of SIP Trunking
Great
Lower
rental costs
for a SIP
Trunk
(sorrydifferent
– line)
Get Numbers
for different
cities
or even
typically
50%
to 60%
cheaper
thanlook
a traditional
countries
to make
your
company
bigger!
TDM based line
Direct
Call charges
Inward Dial
will be
(DID)
cheaper
numbers
andcan
maybe
be made
even
available to all users
no cost!
in your company
IfBuy
disaster
SIP lines
strikes,
in any
yourquantity
Main business
you like.numbers
If you only
can
need
be 10
re-directed
lines that’s
to an
ok,alternate
you can always
locationadd
within
more
minutes
later
Existing
Business
Phone
numbers
canlines
be easily
SIP
Trunks
can backup
existing
E1/T1
until
to the
new SIP
service
you ported
are ready
to switch
permanently
12
4
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13
What is a SIP Trunk?
•
Is a ‘logical’ connection from a PBX at a customer site to an Internet
Telephony Service Providers (ITSP) network.
•
This connection allows VoIP traffic to flow from the PBX out to the
ITSP and onto the PSTN or another SIP based PBX through the
same or other ITSP
ITSP
(UK)
ITSP
(ITALY)
SIP/RTP
SIP/RTP
TDM
SIP Trunking Gateway
or
Integrated Access Device
(IAD)
HYBRID PBX / NATIVE SIP
Legacy TDM Based PBX
14
SIP Trunk Capabilities
IVR
SIP PBX
15
5
Copyright Vocale Ltd and The SIP School - and Not for distribution
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SIP Trunking Network Example 1
LS / DNS /
ENUM
PROXY
DNS / ENUM
GATEWAY
LOGICAL SIP TRUNK
PROXY
&
SIP/PSTN
GATEWAY
ITSP - Multiple Locations
CONNECTION OVER DSL to ITSP
16
SIP Trunking Network Example 2
HEADQUARTERS
LS / DNS /
ENUM
PROXY
DNS / ENUM
GATEWAY
LOGICAL SIP TRUNK
PROXY
&
SIP/PSTN
GATEWAY
ITSP - Multiple Locations
REMOTE
SITE
SIP TRUNK
CONNECTION OVER DSL to ITSP
17
Call Progress Tones
Non SIP Phones
SIP PBX
SIP Response Codes
180 Ringing
400 Bad Request
403 Forbidden
404 Not Found
408 Request Timeout
480 Temporarily Unavailable
482 Loop Detected
483 Too Many Hops
486 Busy Here
500 Server Internal Error
503 Service Unavailable
504 Server Time-out
600 Busy Everywhere
604 Does Not Exist
ITSP
Manufacturers of PBX systems MUST generate call progress tones locally in
response to this subset of SIP response codes. Whatever tone the
manufacturers uses for each response is up to them
For all of the remaining set of SIP response codes, manufacturers should
again generate call progress tones though it is really up to the manufacturer if
they want to do this.
18
6
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SIP ‘PBX’ Peering
LOGICAL SIP TRUNK
Private Data Network
FREE..!
19
PBX Peering problems?
•
Vendors, when developing their systems that are based on RFC
documents, can sometimes interpret the documents in a slightly
different way resulting in problems when using systems from
multiple vendors.
•
Although it is theoretically possible for all vendors such as Cisco,
Mitel, Panasonic, Avaya etc. to connect their PBXs together using
SIP trunks there are normally a few ‘teething’ problems to resolve
before things work as you wish.
•
You may even find that you could connect SIP Servers from two
manufacturers together but only Voice services work, not Video –
it can be frustrating!
•
This course is not standing in judgement of any of these
manufacturers, we are just saying that it is worth while checking if
different systems will work together before spending money
•
If in doubt, you could even buy all your systems from the same
vendor, it’s up to you
•
And if you don't want to pay any money, get yourself an open
source solution such as Asterisk – though we expect consultancy
/ installation costs will still mean that you have to dig into those
pockets for the cash.
20
21
7
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Least Cost routing (LCR)
IP Network ‘Pipe’
Australia
France
UK
22
Disaster Recovery
Branch connections in
place.
Primary IP 55.43.123.11
Calls for the DID range
all directed to a single IP.
Backup IP 55.43.123.12
1
2
3
4
If Primary net connection
is ‘lost’ all calls will be ‘rerouted’ to backup IP
address.
‘Backup’ firewall must be
SIP aware also.
23
Disaster Recovery - Expanded
Trunks to HQ are over
capacity, forward call
to 2nd site
Support more IP Phones
HQ
Overflow if Primary link is
full
Primary IP 55.43.123.11
Alternate IP 55.43.123.12
2
1
SIP PBX 1
REGISTER
SIP PBX 2
Failover support for
‘Primary’ phones
CEO
PBX Synchronisation
3
4
ITSP to cope with
multiple ‘source’ IP
details
24
8
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Disaster Recovery – Last resort?
Oops…!
All trunks are down,
let’s go for ‘last resort’
PSTN
HQ
Primary IP 55.43.123.11
Alternate IP 55.43.123.12
2
1
SIP PBX 1
SIP PBX 2
Hello..!
CEO
3
4
25
Don’t wait to try this out
Ok, I’ve just cut
the connection –
hang tight!
Phew!
HQ
Primary IP 55.43.123.11
Backup IP 55.43.123.12
1
2
3
4
26
Consolidation
PSTN
+1-312-235-1000
+1-312-235-1001
+1-312-235-1002
ITSP
+1-718-354-1000
+1-214-254-1000
+1-305-223-1000
Multiple SIP trunks
over Broadband
HQ in Denver
Corporate PBX
27
9
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Virtual Presences
PSTN
London
Hong Kong
Rio
ITSP
Multiple SIP trunks
over Broadband
HQ in Boston
Corporate PBX
28
Trunking ‘Variations’
29
Single Site, No ‘Forklift’
TDM / PBX
PSTN
SIP Trunks
DSL/Cable/
MPLS
VPN?
T1 / E1 / Basic
Rate
ITSP
TDM to SIP/RTP
Gateway
Data
DSL (Asymmetric or Symmetric)
Internet ISP
30
10
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Single Site, TDM PBX
PSTN
TDM / PBX
T1 / E1 / Basic Rate
Data
DSL (Asymmetric or Symmetric)
Internet ISP
31
Single Site, Converged
ITSP
TDM / PBX
TDM to SIP/RTP
Gateway
Voice
Switch
Data
Router
Internet ISP
32
Single Site, Converged – SIP/IP PBX
ITSP
SIP/VoIP
TDM / PBX
PBX
TDM to SIP/RTP
Gateway
Voice
Switch
Router
Data
Internet ISP
33
11
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Multiple Sites ‘Converged’
Switch
Ext 1004
Ext 1001
Centralized
SIP/VoIP PBX
Ext 1002
Router
Ext 1005
Router
Ext 1003
Voice + Data
Switch
Voice + Data
Router
Ext 1006
Switch
Ext 1007
34
One more step
Switch
Ext 1004
Ext 1001
Centralized
SIP/VoIP PBX
Ext 1002
Router
Ext 1005
Router
Ext 1003
Voice + Data
Switch
Voice + Data
Router
Ext 1006
SBC
Switch
PSTN
Ext 1007
ITSP
35
Multiple SBCs
Ext 1004
Switch
Ext 1001
Mitel?
Centralized ShoreTel?
SIP/VoIP PBX Digium?
A.n.other?
Avaya
PBX
Ext 1002
SBC
Router
Ext 1003
I need to transcode
from G.711 to G.722.2
and set RTP to 30ms
Voice + Data
Switch
Voice + Data
I manage trunk connectivity
plus monitoring, policies and
security profiles
SBC
I need to change RTP rate to
20ms plus remove the ‘+’
symbol from incoming calls
SBC
Cisco
PBX
Switch
PSTN
Ext 1007
ITSP
36
12
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Media Gateways
37
SIP PBX to Non-SIP PBX
SIP - PBX
TDM / PBX
Analog
PHONE
VoIP / SIP
PHONE
Media Gateway
All in 1 box…!
SIP - Aware
SIP - Aware
Router
Router
38
SIP PBX to Non-SIP PBX, Call Flow
SIP - PBX
Media
Gateway
INVITE
VoIP / SIP
PHONE
INVITE
TDM / PBX
SETUP (IAM)
100 TRYING
183
SESSION PROGRESS
183
SESSION PROGRESS
Analog
PHONE
ALERTING (ACM)
Early Media (RTP)
CPG ‘Alerting’
180 ’Ringing’
180 ’Ringing’
ANSWER (ANM)
200 OK
200 OK
ACK
ACK
Media Stream
(RTP)
Media Stream
(TDM)
39
13
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SIP Trunks Performance
40
DSL – Digital Subscriber Line
Asymmetric / Symmetric DSL
What DSL is your DSL?
Naked DSL
T1 for 1.544Mbps
Metro Ethernet 10Mbps-Gbps+
41
The ‘Asymmetric’ DSL (ADSL) issue
Download Bandwidth
ADSL Link from
Internet ISP
ITSP
(for SIP Trunks)
Office
PBX
Upload Bandwidth
Caller
42
14
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Codecs, Voice and Data
Download Bandwidth
50% = 6 Calls
QoS ~ 50%
Office
PBX
Upload Bandwidth
512Kbps
G.711 ~ 110Kbps
512/110 = 4.6
Read ‘Notes’
to see why 110Kbps
G.729a ~ 43Kbps
512/43 = 11.9
43
Symmetric DSL (SDSL)
Download Bandwidth
SDSL Link from
Internet ISP
ITSP
(for SIP Trunks)
Office
PBX
Upload Bandwidth
Symmetric DSL
• Same Upload as Download Speeds
• Usually lower contention ratios
• Often come with SLA
• Better able to calculate ‘VoIP allowance’
Caller
44
VoIP Bandwidth Calculator
https://planetcalc.com/3144/
45
15
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Testing your link
https://www.ringcentral.com/support/qos.html
46
Fibre Options
Local Exchange
Copper
Copper
Street Cabinet
Local Exchange
FTTC
Fibre
Copper (or Coax)
Street Cabinet
Local Exchange
FTTH
Fibre
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong_Kong_Broadband_Network
48
ITSP
“I see you’ve exceeded
the limit on Site 1, we’ll
keep things going but
charge you the ‘bursting’
rates”
49
16
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ITSP
“You have a total of 40
‘Elastic’ SIP trunks
(sessions) for your
company, use them as you
like”.
50
SIP Trunks and MPLS
51
MPLS, basic explanation
Multiprotocol Label Switching
(MPLS) is a mechanism in highperformance telecommunications
networks which directs and carries data
from one network node to the next. MPLS
makes it easy to create "virtual links"
between distant nodes.
From “Wikipedia”
52
17
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MPLS, Label format
‘Tiny’ piece
of a conversation
MPLS
Label Stack
3 bit
QoS
20 bit Label Value
1 bit
Flag
8 bit
TTL
A Label ‘value’ with routers use to work out what to do with the
packet and where the next hop (Router) is
QoS (Quality of Service) bits for working out what priority to give the
packet – these may also be labelled as experimental
A Flag to indicate if this label is at the bottom of a label stack
And a TTL (Time to Live) that works the same as the TTL in IP
53
MPLS in a ‘MAC’ Frame
MPLS
Label Stack
802.3 MAC Frame
54
MPLS Example network
LAN 128.1.0.0
LAN 128.2.0.0
Sender 128.1.23.17
Recipient 128.2.34.7
Data
Corp
Router 1
Label ‘Switch’
Router (LSR)
Data
Label ‘Edge’
Router (LER)
Data
Label ‘Edge’
Router (LER)
Corp
Router 2
Label ‘Switch’
Router (LSR)
Corp
Router 3
Label ‘Switch’
Router (LSR)
Label ‘Edge’
Router (LER)
LAN 128.3.0.0
55
18
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MPLS Example Network (cont.)
LAN 128.1.0.0
LAN 128.2.0.0
Sender 128.1.23.17
Corp
Router 1
Recipient 128.2.34.7
9
n/a
Data
Data
Data
Data
n/a
15
Corp
Router 2
Corp
Router 3
Data
FEC Forwarding Equivalence Class
LDP Label4Distribution Protocol
RSVP-TE Resource Reservation
LAN 128.3.0.0
Protocol - Traffic Engineering
56
MPLS Benefits
Cost Savings
MPLS Networks are proving to be much cheaper than other services such
as Frame Relay and ATM though the exact percentage value depends on
how much you are using the network
QoS
Support for QoS is great as it allows the management of Voice and Video
to ensure good performance
Disaster Recovery
MPLS can switch to redundant circuits very quickly and work in a Mesh
like configuration. Permanent backup circuits do not need to be in place
like Frame Relay and ATM
Better Performance
The way in which the MPLS network is setup means that it’s possible for
Network Admins to reduce the number of hops between routers thus
increasing performance
Future Proofing
MPLS is what all providers are investing in because of the reasons
mentioned. This also means that if you want to run services such as
Voice, Video and Unified Comms across a network you’ll need to go with
the network type that everyone is working on.
57
Your own “Private WAN”
Voip-com.net
London
HQ ~ New York
Milan
“Private WAN”
ITSP MPLS
San Diego
Barcelona
58
19
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Not the only client
Voip-com.net
Ottawa
London
HQ ~ New York
Milan
Net-tel.net
“Private WAN”
ITSP MPLS
“Another Private WAN”
Boston
San Diego
Denver
Barcelona
59
Voice and Data not mixing?
Voip-com.net
London
Private
IP
address
HQ ~ New York
ITSP MPLS
VOICE
ITSP MPLS
DATA
60
Separate MPLS networks
Voip-com.net
London
Milan
HQ ~ New York
ITSP MPLS
“Private WAN”
Client.au
PSTN
ITSP MPLS
Sydney
“Private WAN”
Auckland
61
20
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Virtual Private LAN Service
Site A
Site C
CE
CE
PE
PE
MPLS
CORE
Site B
PE
Site D
PE
CE
CE
62
Software Defined WAN (SD-WAN)
MPLS 1Mb
Private
MPLS
MPLS 1Mb
Internet
63
Site A
Site C
2Mb
Private
MPLS
2Mb
2Mb
2Mb
50Mb
Site D
Site B
Data Center
64
21
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Site A
Site C
Secured
2Mb
Private
MPLS
2Mb
Site E
20Mb
2Mb
20Mb
2Mb
20Mb
Site D
50Mb
Site B
Data Center
65
Who runs the SD-WAN?
Site A
Site C
2Mb
Private
MPLS
2Mb
Site E
Client Control
20Mb
Orchestrator ‘on site’ or aaS
2Mb
SD-WAN company
in control
Service
Control
MultipleProvider
service providers?
20Mb
rd Partythe
They 3
control
Orchestrator
Uses
SD-WAN
Multiple
provider
partners?
They
control
the Orchestrator
Internet
2Mb
20Mb
Site D
50Mb
Site B
Data Center
66
I’ve ‘spoken’ to
my Orchestrator and
now have my
policies
SD-WAN example
CRM
DSL
LTE (4G/5G?)
SD-WAN
?
?
MPLS
67
22
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New Things….
Router
Firewall
CRM
DSL
QoS
Traffic ‘type’
Redirect
Load Balance
Re-route?
LTE (4G/5G?)
SD-WAN
MPLS
68
Miscellaneous
WebRTCRTP
NATExtensions
Traversal
Orchestrator
Analytics
and Visibility
Network
‘overlay’
Possible
cost savings
Intelligent
Routing
Do it yourself?
MPLS gives
you QoS
control
Beware of
‘false claims’
Let the provider
control?
Do you need
a VoIP SLA?
What traffic
do you want
to control
69
Other resources
https://www.sdxcentral.com/
https://www.sdwanresource.com/
70
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71
Setting up a SIP Trunk
72
Network configuration example
Voip-unlimited.co.uk
Internal LAN
192.168.2.xxx
Ext 1004
Internet
Service
Providers
Virgin Media
SBC
Telnyx.com
BT Backup
LAN Switch
+ Wi-Fi
SIP PBX
Router
Firewall
Numbergroup.com
Ext 1001
Ext 1003
Ext 1002
73
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74
Security and SIP Trunks
75
‘Registration Mode’ vs. ‘Static Mode’
‘Registration’ Mode
SIP REGISTER
My IP Address
My Numbers
Digest Authentication
IP Network
‘Static’ Mode
I’ll now use DNS to
find your IP address
from your Registered
phone number
ITSP
I know it’s ‘you’ as you
are connecting from an
IP address I have configured
here along with
your DIDs
SIP INVITE
IP Network
ITSP
76
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Security and SIP Trunks
77
SIP Trunk Security - Overview
Corporate HQ
‘Your’ ITSP
SIP/VoIP PBX
Digest
IP-Auth
MD5/SHA
TLS REGISTER
43.1.22.77
(authentication)
TLS
Secure or Not?
SRTP
External IP
43.1.22.17
‘Remote’ ITSP
in ITALY
Branch Office
78
Security and SIP Trunks
79
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Skype for Business and SIP Trunks
Private Network
ITSP
Active Directory Domain
Front End Server
IP Network
Mediation
80
Servers and Protocols
Private Network
ITSP
SIP
[TLS]
Front End Server
SIP
[MTLS]
SRTP
SRTCP
IP Network
MPLS
Private i.e. T1/E1
VPN
Mediation
SIP
[TCP]
RTP
RTCP
RTP
RTCP
SIP
[UDP
81
Microsoft Teams and Calling plans
Office 365
Microsoft Teams
Phone System
Microsoft
Calling Plans
Direct Routing
in Teams
PSTN
82
27
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Microsoft Teams and Direct Routing
Microsoft Teams
Phone System
Microsoft
Calling Plans
Direct Routing
in Teams
IP Network
(Internet?)
Corporate
Network
SIP
Trunks
ITSP
PBX
PSTN
83
Troubleshooting and Interops
84
85
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The SIP Forum
86
SIP Connect
•
The SIP Forum also is responsible for the SIPconnect Recommendation which is a standardsbased approach for direct IP interoperability between IP PBXs and ITSPs
•
SIPconnect is not a Standard (as the IETF defines the standards) but is a Recommendation by
the SIP Forum that falls ‘outside’ of the responsibility of the IETF.
•
Version 1.1 of the SIPconnect Technical Recommendation was fully adopted in March 2011
•
Features & Benefits
–
SIPconnect will provide a common method for SIP Trunking (or IP Peering) between a SIP
enabled PBX and ITSPs.
–
SIPConnect is based on and use existing SIP and VoIP standards as set out by the IETF
and its RFCs.
–
With a Certified PBX and Certified ITSP, clients should no longer need to implement
additional gateways – thus saving money.
–
A ‘standards based’ solution is usually much easier and quicker to implement.
–
By utilizing SIPConnect, ITSPs will be able to offer more feature rich services and products
to customers knowing that they should work seamlessly .
–
SIPConnect also defines very important methods for the handling of QoS configuration,
echo cancellation, DTMF relay, packetization rates, codec support and more, thus providing
the mechanism to ensure quality that customers expect from a corporate voice solution.
87
SIP Connect 2.0
1.1
SP to
SIP PBX
peering
Registration
and
Static mode
Codec support
and negotiation
Signaling and
Media Security
Support for
IPv6
Emergency
calling
requirements
88
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Interoperability testing
IP Network
ITSP
[re: SIPconnect 1.1]
SIPconnect 2.0
coming soon?
Does it all work in the lab?
IP Network
ITSP
89
Choosing an ITSP
90
ITSP Offerings
PSTN
We need
Can
we have
some
our
more
‘old’DDI’s
numbers please?
PBX
Router
That’s
us 
No
Of problem
course!
Can I have a ‘London’ number?
PSTN
91
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ITSP Offerings (contd.)
PSTN
We need more lines more our marketing push!
Thwarted
PBX
SHA / TLS / SRTP
Router
I Can do that!
I can do that via our Web Interface
PSTN
92
How many Fax machines?
Toll Free Numbers
Video a requirement?
Dial-up Modems?
Call Recording H/W and S/W
Call Center applications
Get the answers up front
93
Video
Add Video to a Voice conversation
High Definition Audio – G.722 etc.
Full Security
SHA2/TLS/SRTP with AES
Directory Services
94
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95
Finding a provider
https://www.voipproviderslist.com/voip-service-providers
96
Finding a Provider (contd.)
https://www.voip-info.org/sip-trunking-providers
97
32
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SIP Trunking - Checklist
Do your homework first
Request for Proposal
A Great partnership?
Trial run and Testing
98
Summary
SIP trunking
Benefits
Components (inc. SBCs)
Networks (DSL / Fiber etc.)
MPLS and SD-WAN
PBX and SIP trunk config
Selecting an ITSP
Troubleshooting
Continual learning
99
Properties
On passing, 'Finish' button:
Goes to next slide
On failing, 'Finish' button:
Goes to slide
Allow user to leave quiz:
After user has completed quiz
User may view slides after quiz: Any time
Show quiz in menu as:
Edit in Quizmaker
Multiple Items
Edit Properties
100
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End
102
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