INTRODUCTION
Daraz.lk is tech-based shopping platform that was introduced to Sri Lanka in 2016 which has
now become the peoples’ most favorites place to shop. Daraz won the Youth’s choice brand
for the year 2022 in Peoples Award. Daraz focuses on uplifting small businesses and
empower women entrepreneurs. (AdaDerana, 2022)
Apple products which range from smartphone to watch is a giant in tech industry, recognized
for the high ended and sleek performances in all their products.
Amazon is a global platform which has millions of products ranging from A-Z. Amazon
encourages people that they can find huge deals for low prices in their website.
Job
Designing
Job
Analysis
Selection
Recruitment
Functions of
Human
Resource
Managemnet
Reward
Management
exit
processes
Figure 1 Functions of HR Management
Source: Author Developed
1.0 Job Designing
Health &
Safety
Job designing is the process of determining the contents of a job. It establishes the job's
duties and responsibilities, performance method and tasks in order to achieve the
organizational goals. (iedunote, 2021)
1.1 Methods of Job designing
1. Job Simplification- In a vehicle manufacturing company, several groups work
together to assemble a vehicle.
2. Job Enlargement-The process of adding new activities and task of the same level to
the job role. (Hrhelpboard, 2021)
3. Job Rotation- Workers are moved from one job to another in a methodical manner
with the aim of making them familiar and to increase their experience level.
Employees in the IT industry work in a variety of roles such as developer, UI
designer, analyst. This keeps the person motivated and allows them to gain new
abilities. (Virtusa , 2020-21)
1.1.1 Importance of Job Design
1. A successful job design would introduce the employees to a broader range of roles and
position and assist them to select the finest role which suit them. (Hrhelpboard, 2021)
2. In order to improve the productivity of employees, job design can be used to identify the
training and development required. (Hrhelpboard, 2021)
3. Since certain jobs are curated by observing the behavior of the employees, employees
are satisfied with the job. (Hrhelpboard, 2021)
1.2 Job Analysis
The process of assembling information about the operation of the job and the job holder.
Job analysis includes responsibilities and task of the job as well as the qualifications and
skills required by a person to complete the job effectively. (HR Help Board, 2019)
Job Analysis
Job Description
Job Specification
Figure 2 Job Description and Specifications Source: (topjobs.lk, 2022)
The above figure 2 shows a vacancy in Junior Talent Acquisition Executive posted by
Daraz.lk
1.2.1 Job Description
It explains all the responsibilities and activities that needs to be performed in a particular job.
According to figure 2 the contents in a job description of Daraz.lk’s vacancy is:
1. Job title- Junior Talent Acquisition Executive
Reporting supervisor- Assisting the HR Manager
2. Job content- Responsible for maintaining personal file of HR
Duty such as Updating the HR database
3. Working conditions- will have to work in teams when organizing events.
1.2.2 Job Specification
Skills, practice, qualification required by the job holder in order to carry out the job
efficiently.
According to figure 2 the contents in a job Specification of Daraz.lk’s vacancy is:
1. Educational qualifications- Bachelor’s degree in HR management
2. Working Experience- Two years’ experience in HR
3. Special Skills- Knowing Tamil language is an added advantage
1.3 Importance of Job Analysis
1. It makes the hiring process of Daraz easy since the employees with the right
qualifications apply and moreover, the most suitable candidate can be selected when
the specifications are clearly mentioned.
2. The real worth and the appropriate salary scale can be decided. (HR Help Board,
2019)
3. The training program required for employees can be designed through job analysis.
(Daraz, 2022)
2.0 Recruitment
Attracting, choosing, and employing latent individuals who can meet the establishment's
requirements.
2.1 Recruitment Methods
Internal
External
2.1.1 Internal recruitment method
Employees within the establishment with suitable qualifications are encouraged to apply.
The figure 3 below shows the vacancy posted by University of Colombo that is applicable
only for internal employees of the University.
Figure 3 Vacancy of UOC Source: (University of Colombo, 2022)
Methods

Notice board- The above vacancy of UOC would be posted on UOC’s notice board
as well for the internal members to see.

Referrals from internal employees- The existing UOC staffs would suggest a
suitable internal person for the job.

Circulars- A circular would be sent around to the employees regarding the vacancy.

Succession plans

Skill inventories
2.1.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Internal Recruitment
Some of the advantages are that the existing staff of UOC will be motivated, loyalty towards
UOC will increase. On the other hand, disadvantages are when the UOC staff follow the
same procedure as before new ideas will not flow in, the most appropriate candidate cannot
be recruited.
2.1.3 External recruitment method
The external candidate with fitting qualifications and skills, who are interested in the job post
are encouraged to apply.
Common methods of recruiting externally are through

job fairs- The Apple.inc decided to participate in a virtual career fair. (Apple
incorporation, 2022)

Advertisements on internet

Agencies
2.1.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of ExternalRecruitment
ADVANTAGES
The most appropriate
Candidate can be recruited.
Fresh ideas will flow into the
business
DISADVANTAGES
Costly and time consuming
Business secret might flow out
Table 1 Advantages and Disadvantages of external recruitment
Apple employees were warned and fired for leaking information regarding a confidential
software update. (Gurman, 2018)
According to Apple inc. most of their managers and directors with professional experience
were hired from outside firms. (Herbst, 2020)
2.2 Selection
Selecting the most suitable candidate based on the qualifications and skills out of the pool of
applicants recruited.
2.2.1 Selection Methods
1. Apple will evaluate the online application submissions and shortlist.
2. Interview

Apple conducts a phone interview to get to know about the personality and
passions.

Final stage is a one-to-one interview with the senior manager of Apple.
3. Assessment Center

Apple conducts a role play assessment in which candidates are put into groups
to check the capability of working in teams
4. Tests

Apple conducts written test based on a case study.
(Job Assesment Experts, 2020)
5. Background Investigations- Academic, Financial, Personal, Employment
6. Medical Tests
2.2.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Interviews
Advantages
Disadvantages
Time consuming
Original
checked
documents
can
be
Costly
Communication
skills
behavior can be evaluated
and
Table 2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Interviews Source: (Rashid & Bappi, 2013)
2.3 Reward Management
Motivational method used by businesses to recognize and reward employees for their
accomplishments and success. The main aim is to attract the potential people, retain the
skilled and motivate the thinker.
Financial
Rewards





Bonus
Salary
Allowance
Commission
NonFinancial
Rewards




Job security
Empowerment
Career advancement
Job enrichment
Figure 4 Financial and nonfinancial Rewards
Source: Author Developed (toppr, 2020)
2.3.1 Apple’s financial and non-financial reward management based on Maslow’s
Hierarchy of Needs.
Figure 5 Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Source: (Watkins, 2017)
The first level being Psychological, Apple has met its employee’s psychological needs by
offering a competitive salary that is sufficient for survival, also by having a pleasant working
environment and cafeteria offering range of food and drinks. (weebly, 2013)
Apple provides medical plans for physical and mental health care which includes fertility
treatments, childhood immunizations. New parents get paid leave. (apple.com, 2022)
Employees gets paid if a loved one/member of the family falls sick. Guidance will be
provided regarding child care, legal recommendation, elders care. (apple.com, 2022)
Apple rewards their employees by giving an extra of 3-5% of salary for independent thinking.
(employeebenefits, 2019) They also offer number of discounts for the apple product to the
employees to boost their motivation and esteem. (apple.com, 2022)
Apple is full of experts and includes the sharpest minds in the field, once people have worked
for Apple, it’s easier to find another job. Therefore, employees are greatly satisfied thinking
that getting this job is itself rewarding. (businessinsider, 2016) – Self Actualization
2.4 Exit Process
When an employee leaves or resigns from a job, a manger must execute many duties to
ensure an organized exit. (Boston University Human resource, 2015 )
2.4.1 Reasons for employees exit

Expecting higher salary

Lookout for Career advancement (indeed editorial team, 2021)
Termination is the end of service period between Employer and Employee.
2.4.2 Types of termination.

Voluntary resignation- employees voluntarily takes the decision to leave the
organization due to reasons such as career advancement, terrible working
environment.

End of contract termination – automatically terminated due to reaching end of
contract period, retirement age.

Involuntary termination- employees are forcefully terminated or dismissed due to
breach of contract, theft. (vantagecircle, 2021)
Figure 6 Exit Process Source: HRMP
When employees decided to resign from the job, they submit a resignation letter to their
immediate manager before the notice period according to the policy of the organization.
During the notice period they will have to still continue to work. A list of the project
completed must be submitted. They can train other employees who will take over their role.
All the organization’s properties such as phone, laptop should be collected from them.
Settling out all the agreements and arranging the final pay check and then conduct an exit
interview. (Peterson, 2020)
2.5 Health and safety (occupational)
Collection of rules, procedures that systematically manage health and safety at work while
also assisting in the reduction of the risk of injury and sickness from workplace activities.
(getsmarter, 2016)
2.5.1 Importance

Apple protects the customers from various illnesses by providing free healthcare.
(apple.com, 2022)

Apple provides counselling program to enhance a better mental health. (apple.com,
2022)

Creating a safe environment for the workers by minimizing exposure to hazardous
activities. (Apple, 2014)
2.5.2 Ways to improve
Apple can have a proper planning regarding safety by asking for more suggestions through
employees. Strongly implementing the updated safety rules and making sure employees
follow them. Reviewing the performance weekly and identifying areas to improve.