THE TRADITIONAL
CHINESE CULTURE
By - SIA-何旭
ID - L236271016
Department - Computer Science & Technology
Course Teacher - Ms. Dai Min
Contents
1. Chinese Geography
2. International Communication
3. Chinese Families
4. Chinese Education
5. Chinese Philosopher
6. Chinese Political Systems
7. Chinese Daily Life
8. Chinese Festivals
9. Chinese Quintessence
10.
Ethnic Minority Group in China
11.
Chinese Creation
Chapter - 01
Chinese Geography
Summary -
China (Chinese: 中国; pinyin: Zhōngguó), officially the People's
Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. With a population exceeding
1.4 billion, it is the world's second-most-populous country. China spans the
equivalent of five time zonesand borders fourteen countries by land.With an area
of nearly 9.6 million square kilometers (3,700,000 sq mi), it is the third-largest
country by total land area. The country is divided into
22 provinces,[n] five autonomous regions, four municipalities, and two
semi-autonomous special administrative regions. Beijing is the national capital,
while Shanghai is the most populous city and largest financial center.
Map of China
Here is the Answers According to the Book exercise
Multiple Choice
1. A
2. D
3. C
4. A
5. C
Fill in the blanks
1. 34 , 23 , 5 , 4 , 2
2. Mount Huangshan
3. Yellow river , Yangtze River
4. The Grand canal
5. Sacrifice to heaven , sacrifice to earth
True or False
1. True
2. False
3. True
4. True
5. False
Questions & Answer
1. The Five Great Mountains refer to Mount Tai, Mount Hua, Mount Heng, Mount
Hengshan, and Mount Song.
2.
The Yangtze River, also known as the "Mother River," holds this title in Chinese
culture due to its immense size, historical importance, and its role in supporting
agricultural and economic activities in China. In Bangladesh, the Ganges River,
known locally as the Padma River, is often considered as the country's "Mother
River" due to its significant influence on the culture, economy, and livelihood of
the people.
3. China's climate exhibits a wide range of features, including diverse
temperatures and precipitation patterns due to its vast size and varied topography,
with regions experiencing arid and cold climates in the northwest, subtropical
climates in the south, and temperate climates in the central and eastern parts of
the country.
Chapter - 02
International Communication
Summary - International communication in China plays a crucial role in fostering
global partnerships, promoting cultural exchange, and facilitating economic
cooperation, thereby contributing to China's integration into the global community
and its pursuit of international influence and collaboration. Various means such
as diplomatic channels, international conferences, online platforms, and
multilateral organizations are utilized to facilitate effective communication and
engagement with the international community.
Silk Road - The Silk Road, an ancient network of trade routes, has historically
facilitated international communication in China by connecting it with diverse
civilizations along its path, enabling the exchange of goods, ideas, and cultural
practices.
Maritime Silk Road - The Maritime Silk Road is an ancient trade route that
connected China with countries in Southeast Asia, the Indian Ocean, and the
Arabian Peninsula. It played a crucial role in facilitating cultural exchange, trade,
and economic growth between China and its maritime neighbors.
One Belt & One Road - The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), also known as One Belt
One Road (OBOR), is a massive infrastructure and development project initiated
by China. It aims to enhance connectivity and promote economic cooperation by
building a network of roads, railways, ports, and other infrastructure across Asia,
Europe, Africa, and beyond.
Map of Ancient Silk Road
Here is the Answers according to the book exercise
Multiple choice
1. C
2. B
3. C
4. D
5. D
Fill in the blanks
1. East Asia , Central Asia
2. Silk Road Economic Belt , 21st Century Maritime Silk Road
3. China , Southeast Asia
4. Ceramics
5. Diversified , independent, balanced, sustainable development.
True or False
1. False
2. True
3. True
4. True
5. True
Question & Answer
1. Yes. The Silk Road was a network of ancient trade routes that connected the
East and West, facilitating cultural exchange and commerce between civilizations.
2. Yes. The Belt and Road Initiative is a global infrastructure development project
launched by China that aims to enhance connectivity and economic cooperation
between Asia, Europe, and Africa through the construction of roads, railways,
ports, and other infrastructure projects.
3. The Silk Road encompassed various routes spanning from China through
Central Asia, the Middle East, and reaching as far as Europe, with key cities such
as Xi'an, Samarkand, and Constantinople serving as important trading hubs along
the way.
4. The Maritime Silk Road emerged as a complementary route to the land-based
Silk Road, facilitated by advancements in maritime navigation and shipbuilding
technology, connecting China with Southeast Asia, India, the Arabian Peninsula,
and eventually reaching Africa and Europe through sea trade routes.
5. The Maritime Silk Road played a crucial role in facilitating cultural exchange,
economic growth, and maritime trade between civilizations, fostering the
exchange of goods, ideas, and technologies across diverse regions.
Chapter - 03
Chinese Families
Summary - Chinese families typically prioritize strong family bonds, respect for
elders, and a collective sense of responsibility and harmony within the household.
Family Concepts in Social Changes - In Chinese society, social changes have
influenced several aspects of family life, including weddings, the one/two-child
policy, and table culture. Weddings have become more personalized and diverse,
with couples incorporating modern elements while still honoring traditional
customs and rituals to reflect changing societal values. The implementation of the
one-child policy, later revised to the two-child policy, has significantly impacted
family dynamics, leading to smaller nuclear families and shifting intergenerational
dynamics. Table culture has also been transformed, with a greater emphasis on
individual preferences and dietary choices, as well as an increasing acceptance
of diverse cuisines and eating habits influenced by globalization and urbanization.
Overall, these social changes have shaped the evolving landscape of Chinese
family structures, relationships, and traditions.
Spare time of chinese people - In their spare time, Chinese people engage in a
diverse array of activities that reflect their personal interests and hobbies. This
can include activities such as dancing, painting, cooking, gardening, and
practicing tai chi or yoga. Additionally, outdoor pursuits like hiking, cycling, and
exploring nature are popular, providing opportunities for relaxation and exercise.
A Chinese Family
Here is the Answers according to the book exercise
Multiple choice
1. A
2. C
3. A
4. B
5. B
Fill in the blanks
1. Husband & wife would never separate
2. Fertility rate increase
3. The seats on the left side and east side are for honored guests
4. Data communication, internet of things
5. Social life , masses , creators , performers.
True & False
1. True
2. False
3. False
4. False
5. True
Question & Answer
1. Yes , in tiantai. Chinese weddings often involve various traditional customs and
rituals, such as tea ceremonies and the use of red as a symbolic color, while
Bangladeshi weddings typically feature vibrant cultural traditions like Mehendi
(henna) ceremonies and the exchange of betel leaves between the bride and
groom.
2. China has transitioned from the one-child policy to the two-child policy to
address demographic challenges, such as an aging population and concerns
regarding labor force sustainability, while also striving to balance population
control with individual reproductive rights.
3. The applications of 5G in daily life include faster and more reliable internet
connectivity, improved mobile communication, enhanced Internet of Things (IoT)
capabilities, and support for emerging technologies like autonomous vehicles and
virtual reality.
4. 'Moments' in WeChat refers to a social media feature where users can share
and view photos, videos, and text-based updates with their contacts, similar to a
personalized news feed.
5. The three types of official accounts that WeChat users can register are
subscription accounts, service accounts, and enterprise accounts, each serving
different purposes and offering different features for businesses and
organizations.
Chapter - 04
Chinese Education
Summary - Chinese education places a strong emphasis on academic
achievement and rigorous study. It is characterized by a highly competitive
environment, intense focus on standardized testing, and a strong emphasis on
discipline and hard work.
Chinese Traditional Education - Chinese traditional education, rooted in
Confucian philosophy, emphasized moral cultivation, filial piety, and the pursuit of
knowledge. It revolved around classical texts, such as the Four Books and Five
Classics, and focused on memorization, recitation, and the mastery of written
characters. The hierarchical relationship between teacher and student was highly
regarded, and education was seen as a means to achieve social status and
contribute to the well-being of society.
Chinese Contemporary Education - Chinese contemporary education has evolved
to prioritize a balance between academic excellence and holistic development.
While academic achievement remains important, there is a growing recognition of
the importance of creativity, critical thinking, and practical skills in preparing
students for the modern world. Efforts have been made to introduce educational
reforms that promote student-centered learning, innovation, and the cultivation of
well-rounded individuals capable of adapting to a rapidly changing society.
Picture of Traditional & Modern Education
Here is the Answers according to the book exercise
Multiple choice
1. A
2. B
3. A
4. A
5. D
Fill in the blanks
1. 5
2. Recruiting , cultivating , managing
3. Awareness, knowledge , attitudes
4. Innovation , integration , leapfrogging
5. Yuelu
True & False
1. False
2. False
3. True
4. True
5. True
Question & Answer
1. The imperial examination system, which lasted for over 1,300 years from the Sui
Dynasty to the early 20th century, was the longest-term system used to select
talents in Chinese history, emphasizing knowledge of Confucian classics and
bureaucratic skills.
2. In Bangladesh, students typically spend five years in primary school (Class 1 to
Class 5) and then another seven years in secondary school (Class 6 to Class 12),
making a total of twelve years of basic education. Yes.
3. The imperial civil examination system was formally established during the Sui
Dynasty in China in the year 605 CE.
4. Nine-year compulsory education refers to a government policy that mandates
all children to receive a minimum of nine years of formal education, typically
covering primary and lower secondary levels, to ensure basic educational
attainment for all students.
5. Yes, foreign students in China can be allowed to obtain work permits and
engage in part-time employment or internships during their studies, subject to
certain regulations and restrictions.
Chapter - 05
Chinese Philosopher
Summary - Chinese philosophy encompasses a rich and diverse tradition that
includes Confucianism, Taoism, and Buddhism, among others. It explores
fundamental questions about ethics, social harmony, the nature of reality, and the
individual's relationship with the cosmos, emphasizing concepts such as filial
piety, moral virtue, balance, and the pursuit of inner wisdom.
Confucius - Confucius, also known as Kongzi, was a Chinese philosopher and
teacher who lived during the 5th century BCE. He is regarded as the founder of
Confucianism, a philosophical and ethical system that greatly influenced Chinese
culture and society. Confucius emphasized the importance of moral values, social
harmony, respect for elders, and the cultivation of personal virtues such as
benevolence, righteousness, and propriety.
Picture of Confucius
Lao-Tzu - Lao Tzu, also known as Laozi, was an ancient Chinese philosopher and
the reputed author of the Tao Te Ching, a foundational text of Taoism. He is
considered one of the central figures of Taoist philosophy. Lao Tzu advocated for
living in harmony with the Tao, the fundamental force that underlies and guides
the universe, and emphasized simplicity, humility, and naturalness as paths to
spiritual enlightenment.
Picture of Lao-Tzu
Chuang-Tzu - Chuang Tzu (Zhuangzi) was an influential Chinese philosopher and
writer who lived during the 4th century BCE. He is considered one of the key
figures of Taoism and is known for his collection of writings, also titled "Chuang
Tzu" or "Zhuangzi." His works explore themes of relativism, the nature of reality,
and the pursuit of spiritual freedom through detachment from societal norms and
conventional thinking. Chuang Tzu's writings often employ parables, allegories,
and anecdotes to convey his philosophical ideas in a thought-provoking and
poetic manner.
Picture of Chuang-Tzu
Here is the Answers according to the book exercise
Multiple choice
1. C
2. A
3. C
4. B
5. A
Fill in the blanks
1. Archery , chariot-riding , reading & writing , arithmetic
2. Diplomacy , sacrifice
3. Li , Er
4. Daodajing , five thousand words , Lao-Tzu
5. Tao
True or False
1. False
2. True
3. True
4. True
5. True
Question & Answer
1. Yes, Confucius, also known as Kong Qiu, was an influential Chinese philosopher
and teacher who lived during the 5th century BCE. He is renowned for his
teachings on ethics, morality, and social harmony, which emphasized the
importance of filial piety, respect for authority, and the cultivation of personal
virtue.
2. Chuang Tzu's big fish story metaphorically highlights the subjective nature of
reality and the limitations of human perception by narrating the tale of a fish
dreaming of becoming a bird, only to wake up and realize that it was all a fleeting
illusion. The story of the big fish by Chuang Tzu resonates with many people
because it prompts contemplation on the nature of reality, the limitations of our
perceptions, and the pursuit of desires and ambitions that may ultimately prove to
be illusory or unfulfilling. It challenges conventional thinking and offers a
perspective that encourages introspection and a deeper understanding of the
world around us.
3. In honor of Confucius, people established Confucian temples, also known as
Kong Miao, as places of worship and centers for the study and promotion of
Confucian philosophy and teachings.
4. The Spring and Autumn period played an important role in Chinese history as it
marked a period of political, social, and cultural transformation, and served as a
significant era for the development of Chinese philosophy, including the teachings
of Confucius.
5. Confucianism emphasizes moral values, social order, and hierarchical
relationships, while Taoism focuses on living in harmony with the Tao (the Way),
embracing spontaneity, and seeking balance in nature and oneself.
Chapter - 06
Chinese Political Systems
Summary - China operates under a political system known as the People's
Republic of China, which is a socialist state governed by the Chinese Communist
Party (CCP). The CCP has a monopoly on political power and holds ultimate
authority in decision-making processes. The country's political structure is
characterized by a hierarchical system with the General Secretary of the CCP
serving as the paramount leader. The National People's Congress, consisting of
elected representatives, is the highest organ of state power, but its
decision-making is largely influenced by the CCP.
Picture of National Emblem of China
Here is the Answers according to the book exercise
Multiple choice
1. C
2. D
3. C
4. D
5. A
Fill in the blanks
1. Five star red flag
2. Red , golden
3. The people’s congress system
4. Legislation , decision , appointment , dismissal & super vision
5. The basic national policy
True or False
1. True
2. True
3. True
4. False
5. True
Question & Answer
1. Yes, China's national flag features a red field with five golden stars, its national
emblem depicts Tiananmen Gate under five stars, and its national anthem is
called the "March of the Volunteers" (义勇军进行曲, Yìyǒngjūn Jìnxíngqǔ).
2. Yes, China's political consultation system refers to the multi-party cooperation
and political consultation system led by the Communist Party of China, which
involves consultation and coordination among various political parties, mass
organizations, and representatives to discuss and participate in the formulation of
state policies.
3. The four stars surrounding a large star on China's national flag symbolize the
unity and leadership of the Communist Party of China, while the larger star
represents the people of China.
4. The main functions of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference
(CPPCC) include participating in political consultation, democratic supervision,
and making proposals on major issues in order to promote unity, democracy, and
social harmony in China.
5. The people's congresses in China, at various levels, have powers that include
enacting and amending laws, approving budgets, electing officials, and exercising
oversight over government activities. They serve as the highest organ of state
power in their respective jurisdictions.
Chapter - 07
Chinese Daily Life
Summary - In Chinese daily life, traditional costumes like the qipao for women and
the changshan for men are still appreciated and worn during special occasions
and festivals, reflecting China's rich cultural heritage. Culinary culture plays a
significant role, with diverse regional cuisines such as Sichuan, Cantonese, and
Hunan showcasing a wide array of flavors and cooking techniques that are
enjoyed and celebrated by people across the country. Chinese architecture,
characterized by notable structures like the Great Wall, the Forbidden City, and
traditional courtyard houses, blends elements of beauty, symbolism, and
practicality to create unique and iconic architectural wonders that are admired
both domestically and internationally.
Costume Culture - Chinese costume culture includes the hanfu, a traditional
clothing style originating from the Han dynasty, characterized by loose, flowing
robes and elaborate headpieces. The cheongsam, also known as qipao, is a
form-fitting dress with a high collar and side slits, which became popular during
the 1920s and 1930s. The tang costume, inspired by the Tang dynasty, features
wide-sleeved robes and is often adorned with intricate embroidery, showcasing
the opulence and grandeur of that era. These costumes continue to be celebrated
and worn on special occasions, embodying the elegance and timeless beauty of
Chinese fashion.
Picture of Chinese Costume
Culinary Culture - Chinese culinary culture is renowned for its diverse flavors,
techniques, and regional cuisines, such as Sichuan, Cantonese, and Shandong,
which offer a wide range of culinary experiences. From dim sum and Peking duck
to hot pot and mapo tofu, Chinese cuisine showcases a harmonious balance of
ingredients, textures, and flavors that delight the senses and reflect the rich
culinary heritage of the country.
Picture of Chinese Cuisine & Tea Culture
Architecture - Chinese architecture is characterized by its unique blend of
aesthetics, symbolism, and functionality, showcasing a rich history and cultural
identity. From iconic structures like the Great Wall and the Forbidden City to
traditional courtyard houses and intricate temples, Chinese architecture
encompasses a wide range of styles that captivate with their grandeur and
architectural mastery.
Picture of Traditional Chinese Buildings
Here is the Answers according to the book exercise
Multiple choice
1. C
2. D
3. D
4. C
5. C
Fill in the blanks
1. The Guanyin pavilion
2. Color , fragrance , tante , appearance , connotation
3. Sichuan , shangdong , guangdong , huaiyang
4. Ming , Qing , forbidden city
5. Han nationality , Han dynasty
True or False
1. False
2. False
3. True
4. False
5. True
Question & Answer
1. Chinese food is known for its diverse regional cuisines, extensive use of
ingredients like rice, noodles, and soy sauce, and a wide range of cooking
techniques, while Bangladeshi dishes often feature a rich blend of flavors
influenced by South Asian spices, including the use of rice, fish, lentils, and
various curry preparations.
2. Chinese architecture is characterized by its emphasis on harmony with nature,
traditional building techniques such as wooden structures, intricate roof systems,
and symbolic elements like pagodas, courtyards, and curved roofs.
3. The best-known style of Chinese food outside the country is often Cantonese
cuisine, which is characterized by fresh ingredients, delicate flavors, and
techniques such as stir-frying, steaming, and dim sum.
4. North China snacks often feature wheat-based ingredients like dumplings and
pancakes, while South China snacks tend to incorporate rice and rice flour,
resulting in dishes like rice rolls and rice cakes.
5. Chinese tea can be divided into six main categories based on the preparation
method: green tea, black tea, white tea, oolong tea, yellow tea, and dark tea.
Chapter - 08
Chinese Festivals
Summary - Chinese festivals are vibrant and lively celebrations that reflect the
country's rich cultural traditions and beliefs. From the exuberant dragon dances
and fireworks of the Chinese New Year to the colorful lantern festivals and joyful
Mid-Autumn Festival, these festivities bring communities together, honoring
ancestors, expressing gratitude, and ushering in good fortune for the year ahead.
Spring Festival - The Chinese Spring Festival, also known as the Lunar New Year
or Chinese New Year, is the most important and widely celebrated festival in China.
It is a time of family reunions, feasting, and cultural traditions, including lion and
dragon dances, exchanging red envelopes with money, and setting off fireworks
to ward off evil spirits and welcome a prosperous year.
Picture of Spring Festival
Lantern Festival - The Chinese Lantern Festival, celebrated on the 15th day of the
Lunar New Year, marks the end of the Spring Festival season. It is characterized
by the captivating display of colorful lanterns, intricate lantern riddles, and
vibrant cultural performances, creating a magical atmosphere that illuminates the
night and symbolizes good luck and prosperity.
Picture of Lantern Festival
Qingming Festival - The Chinese Qingming Festival, also known as
Tomb-Sweeping Day, is a time when people honor and pay respects to their
ancestors by visiting their gravesites. It is a solemn occasion where families clean
the graves, offer food and incense, and participate in activities such as flying kites
and enjoying outdoor picnics to commemorate and remember their loved ones.
Picture of Qingming Festival
Dragon Boat Festival - The Chinese Dragon Boat Festival, also known as Duanwu
Festival, is a lively and exciting celebration that takes place on the fifth day of the
fifth lunar month. It honors the ancient poet Qu Yuan and involves dragon boat
races, where beautifully decorated boats are rowed to the beat of drums,
accompanied by the cheers of spectators, and zongzi (sticky rice dumplings) are
eaten to ward off evil spirits and bring good fortune.
Picture of Dragon Boat Festival
Mid-Autumn Festival - The Chinese Mid-Autumn Festival, also known as the Moon
Festival, is a joyous celebration held on the 15th day of the eighth lunar month. It
is a time for families to gather, admire the full moon, and share mooncakes while
appreciating the beauty of the moonlit night. Lanterns are also commonly
displayed, and folklore tales of the Moon Goddess and the Jade Rabbit are told,
adding a touch of enchantment to the festivities.
Picture of Mid-Autumn Festival
Double Ninth Festival - The Chinese Double Ninth Festival, also known as
Chongyang Festival or Senior's Day, is observed on the ninth day of the ninth
lunar month. It is a day to pay respects to the elderly and enjoy outdoor activities.
People often climb mountains, fly kites, and wear zhuyu (cornel) flowers as a way
to ward off evil spirits and bring good fortune. Additionally, it is customary to eat
chongyang cake, a special pastry made with various ingredients, to celebrate the
occasion.
Picture of Double Ninth Festival
Here is the Answers according to the book exercise
Multiple choice
1. A
2. C
3. D
4. A
5. D
Fill in the blanks
1. Nian
2. Watching lanterns , eating dumplings, guessing lantern riddles
3. Tomb- sweeping
4. Qu yuan
5. Enjoying & worshipping the moon , eating moon cakes , drinking osmanthus
wine
True or False
1. True
2. True
3. True
4. False
5. True
Question & Answer
1. Some traditional Chinese festivals include the Spring Festival (Chinese New
Year), Mid-Autumn Festival, Dragon Boat Festival, Lantern Festival, and Double
Seventh Festival (Qixi Festival).
2. Some traditional festivals in Bangladesh include Pohela Boishakh (Bengali New
Year), Eid-ul-Fitr, Eid-ul-Adha, Durga Puja, and Pahela Falgun (the first day of
Spring). While there may be some similarities in terms of festive celebrations and
cultural significance, the specific traditions, customs, and religious contexts of
Bangladeshi festivals differ from Chinese traditional festivals.
3. The two major themes of the Qingming Festival (also known as Tomb-Sweeping
Day) are paying respects to ancestors and enjoying the arrival of spring.
4. The Spring Festival Gala, also known as the Chinese New Year Gala, is an
annual televised variety show in China that features a wide range of performances
and entertainment to celebrate the Chinese New Year.
5. On the Dragon Boat Festival, activities such as dragon boat races, eating zongzi
(sticky rice dumplings), and hanging up pouches of herbs are commonly held to
commemorate the poet Qu Yuan and ward off evil spirits.
Chapter - 09
Chinese Quintessence
Summary - Chinese quintessence refers to the essence and core elements of
Chinese culture, encompassing its profound history, philosophy, art forms, and
traditional practices. It represents the timeless wisdom, beauty, and cultural
heritage that have been passed down through generations, shaping the identity
and contributing to the richness of Chinese civilization.
Chinese Calligraphy - Chinese calligraphy is a revered art form that combines
precise brushwork, rhythmic movements, and the intricate balance of ink and
paper. It is not only a means of written communication but also an expression of
beauty, emotion, and cultural identity, embodying the elegance and aesthetic
principles of Chinese culture.
Picture of Chinese Calligraphy
Peking Opera - Peking Opera, also known as Beijing Opera, is a traditional
Chinese theatrical art form that combines music, singing, acting, and acrobatics.
It is characterized by elaborate costumes, stylized movements, and distinctive
facial makeup, showcasing the unique blend of historical stories, cultural
symbolism, and artistic expression that has captivated audiences for centuries.
Picture of Peking Opera
Martial Arts - Chinese martial arts, also known as Wushu or Kung Fu, encompass
a wide range of combat styles, techniques, and philosophies that have been
developed and refined over thousands of years. It is not only a means of
self-defense but also an embodiment of discipline, physical fitness, mental focus,
and spiritual cultivation, serving as a source of cultural pride and a pathway to
personal growth.
Picture of Martial Arts
Chinese Medicine - Chinese medicine is a holistic healing system that has been
practiced for thousands of years, emphasizing the balance and harmony of the
body, mind, and spirit. It incorporates techniques such as acupuncture, herbal
remedies, massage, and dietary therapy to promote health, prevent disease, and
restore the body's natural balance of energy.
Picture of Chinese Medicine
Here is the Answers according to the book exercise
Multiple choice
1. A
2. A
3. B
4. D
5. C
Fill in the blanks
1. Ancient seal
2. Chinese traditional opera
3. Peking opera
4. Kung fu
5. Brush , ink , paper , ink stone
True or False
1. False
2. False
3. True
4. False
5. True
Question & Answer
1. There are five main writing styles in Chinese calligraphy: seal script, clerical
script, regular script, running script, and cursive script.
2. Peking Opera facial makeup is matched to related characters, with red
representing loyalty and bravery, black symbolizing integrity and uprightness,
white representing sinister and treacherous characters, yellow symbolizing
fierceness and ambition, and green representing impulsive and violent
characters.
3. The four artistic means, or basic skills, of Peking Opera are singing (chang),
recitation (nian), acting (zuo), and martial arts (da).
4. The facial makeup of Peking Opera, also known as "Lianpu" or "Lianxi," is a
distinctive artistic style characterized by colorful and elaborate patterns applied
to the actors' faces, representing different character types and emotions.
5. The function of Qigong, a traditional Chinese practice, is to cultivate and
balance the body's vital energy (qi) through various physical exercises, breathing
techniques, and meditation for the purpose of promoting health, relaxation, and
spiritual well-being.
Chapter - 10
Ethnic Minority Group in China
Summary - China is a diverse country with 56 officially recognized ethnic groups,
each with its own distinct culture, language, traditions, and customs. The Han
Chinese make up the majority, but there are also significant ethnic minority
groups such as the Zhuang, Hui, Uighur, Tibetan, and Yi, contributing to the
multicultural fabric of China and showcasing the country's rich ethnic diversity.
Picture of All Ethnic Groups in China
Korean Ethnic Group - The Korean ethnic group in China, also known as the
Korean-Chinese or Korean diaspora, is one of the recognized ethnic minority
groups in China. Concentrated primarily in the northeastern regions of China,
they have preserved their unique Korean language, cultural traditions, and
customs, contributing to the diverse cultural tapestry of the country.
Picture of Korean Ethnic Group
Manchu Ethnic Group - The Manchu ethnic group in China is one of the recognized
ethnic minority groups, with a significant presence in the northeastern regions of
the country. The Manchu people have their own distinct language, customs, and
cultural heritage, and they have played a significant role in Chinese history,
particularly during the Qing dynasty when they ruled over China as the last
imperial dynasty.
Picture of Manchu Ethnic Group
Mongolian Ethnic Group - The Mongolian ethnic group in China is one of the
recognized ethnic minority groups, primarily found in the northern regions of
China, particularly in Inner Mongolia. The Mongolian people have a rich nomadic
heritage, known for their traditional pastoral lifestyle, horsemanship skills, and
unique cultural practices, including throat singing, traditional wrestling, and the
celebration of Naadam festival.
Picture of Mongolian Ethnic Group
Tibetan Ethnic Group - The Tibetan ethnic group in China is one of the recognized
ethnic minority groups, predominantly residing in the Tibetan Autonomous Region
and other areas of western China. The Tibetan people have a distinct culture
deeply influenced by Tibetan Buddhism, characterized by practices such as
prayer flags, intricate thangka paintings, and vibrant monastic traditions,
contributing to the cultural and religious diversity of China.
Picture of Tibetan Ethnic Group
Hui & Uygur Ethnic Group - The Hui ethnic group in China is one of the recognized
ethnic minority groups, primarily practicing Islam and concentrated in various
regions across the country. They have a unique blend of Chinese and Islamic
cultural traditions, with a rich culinary heritage known for dishes like lamb kebabs
and hand-pulled noodles. The Uygur ethnic group, on the other hand, is
predominantly located in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region in China's
northwest. They have their own distinct Turkic language, and their cultural
traditions, including vibrant music, dance, and the art of Uygur epic storytelling,
contribute to the cultural diversity of the region and the country as a whole.
Picture of Hui and Uygur Ethnic Group
Here is the Answers according to the book exercise
Multiple choice
1. A
2. B
3. B
4. A
5. C
Fill in the blanks
1. Han , Hui , Manchu
2. Minority, west , border area of china
3. Jilin , liaoning , heilongjiang
4. Tibet autonomous region, qinghai province, western part of sichuan province
5. Cheongsam
True or False
1. False
2. True
3. False
4. False
5. True
Question & Answer
1. China is a diverse country with 56 officially recognized ethnic minority groups.
These groups reside in various regions throughout China, with concentrations in
areas such as Xinjiang, Tibet, Inner Mongolia, Guangxi, Yunnan, and other
provinces with significant ethnic minority populations.
2. Yes, Bangladesh is home to several ethnic minority groups. The country
recognizes 27 ethnic minority groups, including the Chakma, Garo, Marma, Santal,
and many others. However, the status of these ethnic minority groups in
Bangladesh has been a subject of discussion and concern, with issues related to
land rights, cultural preservation, and political representation being raised by
advocacy groups and human rights organizations. Efforts have been made to
address these concerns and promote inclusivity and equality for ethnic minority
communities in Bangladesh.
3. The traditional competitions in the "Nadam" conference of the Mongolian
ethnic group include wrestling, horse racing, and archery.
4. Uyghurs, an ethnic group in China, traditionally favor clothing styles such as the
doppa (traditional cap), chapan (robes), and colorful dresses for women,
reflecting their cultural heritage and Islamic influences.
5. The Hui ethnic group in China traces its origins to the intermingling of Arab,
Persian, Central Asian, and local Chinese populations, primarily during the Tang
Dynasty, resulting in a distinct Muslim community with Chinese cultural elements.
Chapter - 11
Chinese Creation
Summary - The "Four Great Inventions" of ancient China refer to the compass,
gunpowder, papermaking, and printing technology. These inventions had a
profound impact on Chinese civilization and had far-reaching implications for
global development. In modern times, China has also made significant
advancements in various fields, including high-speed rail technology, e-commerce
platforms, mobile payment systems, and renewable energy technology, often
referred to as the "Four New Inventions." These innovations have contributed to
China's rapid economic growth and technological influence on a global scale.
Four Great Invention - The "Four Great Inventions" of ancient China are regarded
as significant advancements that greatly influenced human civilization. They
include papermaking, which revolutionized writing and communication;
gunpowder, which revolutionized warfare and had vast implications in various
fields; printing technology, which revolutionized the dissemination of knowledge;
and the compass, which revolutionized navigation and exploration. These
inventions not only shaped Chinese society but also had a profound impact on the
development of science, technology, and culture worldwide.
Picture of Four Great Invention
Four New Great Inventions - China's "Four New Great Inventions" refer to
significant technological advancements that have emerged in recent years. These
include high-speed rail technology, which has revolutionized transportation and
connectivity within the country. Additionally, China has made remarkable strides
in the development of e-commerce platforms, such as Alibaba and JD.com, which
have transformed the retail industry. Mobile payment systems, like WeChat Pay
and Alipay, have also emerged as convenient and widely used methods of
financial transactions. Furthermore, China has become a global leader in
renewable energy technology, particularly in the fields of solar power and electric
vehicles, contributing to sustainable development and combating climate change.
Picture of Four New Inventions
Futuristic Technology - China is at the forefront of developing futuristic
technologies that have the potential to reshape industries and societies. From
artificial intelligence (AI) and quantum computing to autonomous vehicles and
space exploration, China's investments and advancements in these fields are
positioning it as a key player in shaping the technological landscape of the future.
Futuristic Technology
Here is the Answers according to the book exercise
Multiple choice
1. A
2. A
3. A
4. B
5. A
Fill in the blanks
1. Navigation & exploration
2. Tang dynasty, middle & late tang dynasty
3. Nan Rendong , 22
4. Launching artificial earth satellites , deep space exploration.
5. Aerial photography, infrared thermal imager
True or False
1. False
2. True
3. False
4. True
5. False
Question & Answer
1. The four great inventions of ancient China are commonly recognized as
papermaking, printing, gunpowder, and the compass, which had significant
impacts on the development of civilization.
2. Bangladesh has made notable contributions to the world through inventions
such as microfinance pioneered by Muhammad Yunus, the solar-powered
irrigation pump, and the BRAC artificial leg, which have had significant social and
technological impacts.
3. The function of a compass is to provide a reliable and consistent reference for
determining direction, particularly by utilizing the Earth's magnetic field, making it
a valuable navigation tool.
4. The benefits of bicycle sharing include promoting sustainable transportation,
reducing traffic congestion and pollution, improving public health through
increased physical activity, and providing an affordable and convenient mode of
transportation in urban areas.
5. Four new great inventions of China include high-speed rail technology, mobile
payment systems, bike-sharing platforms, and e-commerce giants, which have
revolutionized transportation, financial transactions, urban mobility, and the
digital economy.
THE END