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ELECTRONIC DOCUMENTS PROTECTION TECHNIQUES AND
ORGANIZATIONAL EFFICIENCY IN THE BANKING SECTOR OF
RIVERS STATE.
NWOGU, KINGSLEY
PG.2016/02157
A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE POST GRADUATE SCHOOL,
RIVERS STATE UNIVERSITY NKPOLU-OROWORUKWO, PORT
HARCOURT, IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF SCIENCE DEGREE (M.Sc.) IN
OFFICE AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT, FACULTY OF
MANAGEMENT SCIENCES, PORT HARCOURT.
SUPERVISOR
DR. (Mrs.) A. E. BESTMAN
JULY, 2018
i
DECLARATION
I hereby declare that this project work “Electronic Documents Protection Techniques and
Organizational Efficiency ’’ is my original work. It has not been carried out in any Tertiary
Institution either for post graduate or undergraduate progam known to me. All sources of
data/information accessed are properly referenced.
------------------------------
-----------
NWOGU, KINGSLEY
Date
(Researcher)
ii
CERTIFICATION
RIVERS STATE UNIVERSITY, NKPOLU OROWORUKWO PORT HARCOURT
FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCES
DEPARTMENT OF OFFICE AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
ELECTRONIC DOCUMENTS PROTECTION TECHNIQUES AND
ORGANIZATIONAL SUSTAINABILITY IN THE BANKING SECTOR IN RIVERS
STATE.
BY
NWOGU, KINGSLEY
PG. 2016/02157
The Board of Examiner certifies as follows:
That to the best of our knowledge, this is the original work of the candidate. That the thesis is
accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Master of
Science (M.Sc.) in Office and Information Management.
DR. (Mrs.) A. E. Bestman
-----------------------
------------------
Supervisor
Signature
Date
Dr. (Mrs.) A. E. Bestman
-----------------------
------------------
HOD, Office & info. Mgt.
Signature
Date
Prof. D. I. Hamilton
-----------------------
------------------
Dean, Fac. Of Mgt. Sciences
Signature
Date
---------------------------
-----------------------
------------------
External Examiner
Signature
Date
Board
iii
DEDICATION
This research is dedicated to God Almighty for his unmerited mercy and favor and for crowning
my academic pursuit a success.
iv
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
I am indebted to several people for their numerous and invaluable support rendered in various
capacities before and during this research work.
My foremost gratitude goes to my able supervisor who by the grace of God is my Head of
Department (H.O.D.) in the person of Dr. (Mrs.) A. E. Bestman, for her distinct patience, advice
and tireless guidance and encouragements throughout the course.
I am also grateful to my discipline/course lecturers: Prof. Sam A. Otamiri, Dr. P. N. Nwiyokpugi,
Dr. E. Tantua (Jnr.), Mr. Henry Woboroma, (who made serious advisory and financial
contributions that saw me through this level of degree). Others include; Prof. Bariyima D. Kiabel,
Dr. Adols Nwoburu, Dr. Zeb-Obipi, for the knowledge impacted during this course work that has
acted as a basis for writing this report.
I wish to extend my gratitude to the Rivers State University Library team, particularly Mr.
Shadrach Woroko for his support during my search for relevant literatures for this project. I also
wish to extend my gratitude to all my classmates for the experiences shared during our period of
study. My sincere gratitude also goes to all the respondents who participated in this study.
More especially, I appreciate my family’s encouragements, advice and financial support they
offered throughout the period of my study. It is my desire and hope that the literature which I have
put together through this experience combined with practical leadership knowledge will have
serious impact to all readers. As a learner, I have had many leaders who inspired me, and as a
leader, I hope to inspire many learners.
v
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Content
Page
Title Page
i
Declaration
ii
Certification
iii
Dedication
iv
Acknowledgments
v
Abstract
vii
Table of Contents
viii
List of Tables
xi
List of Figures
xii
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1
Background to the Study
1
1.2
Statement of the Problems
4
1.3
Purpose of the Study
5
1.4
Research Questions
6
vi
1.5
Research Hypotheses
6
1.6
Study Variables and Conceptual Framework
8
1.7
Significance of the Study
9
1.8
Scope of the Study
10
1.9
Definition of Terms
11
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1
Theoretical Framework
13
2.1.1 Archival Theory
14
2.2
Nature of Electronic Documents Protection Techniques
15
2.3
Dimensions of Electronic Document Protection Techniques
18
2.3.1 Password
18
2.3.2 Encryption
19
2.3.3 Portable Document Format Creation
21
2.3.4 Rights Management
23
2.4
26
Understanding the Concept of Organizational Efficiency
2.4.1 Consistency
27
2.4.2 Version Control
29
vii
2.5
Relationship between electronic documents protection techniques
and organizational efficiency
33
2.5.1 Password and Organizational Efficiency
33
2.5.2 Encryption and Organizational Efficiency
34
2.5.3 PDF Creation and Organizational Efficiency
35
2.5.4 Rights Management and Organizational Efficiency
36
2.6
Moderating Influence of Technology on the relationship between
Electronic documents protection techniques and organizational
Efficiency
37
2.6.1 Moderating Influence of Competence on the relationship between
Electronic documents protection techniques and organizational
Efficiency
38
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1
Research Design
42
3.2
Population of the Study
42
3.3
Sample Size and Sampling Technique
43
3.4
Data Collection Method
46
3.4.1 The Questionnaire
46
viii
3.5
Method of Data Analysis
46
3.6
Validity and Reliability of Instrument
48
3.6.1 Validity Test
48
3.6.2 Reliability Test
49
CHAPTER 4: DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
OF FINDINGS
4.1
Data Presentation
51
4.2
Demographic Analysis
52
4.3
Univariate Analysis
56
4.4
Bivariate Analysis
66
4.5
Multivariate Analysis
73
4.6
Discussion of Findings
79
CHAPTER 5: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1
Summary
86
5.2
Conclusion
87
5.3
Recommendations
88
ix
5.4
Contribution to Knowledge
88
5.5
Suggestions for Further Studies
89
References
90
Appendix
93
Questionnaire
94
x
LIST OF TABLES
Table No
Page
3.1
Determining sample size
44
3.2
Questionnaire Administration
45
3.3
Internal Reliability of the Instrument
49
4.1
Distribution of Questionnaire
52
4.2
Showing sex distribution of respondents
52
4.3
Showing age distribution of respondents
52
4.4
Showing educational level of respondents
54
4.5
Showing work experience of respondents
55
4.6
Response rates and descriptive statistics for password construct
57
4.7
Response rates and descriptive statistics for encryption
58
4.8
Response rates and descriptive statistics for PDF Creation
59
4.9
Response rates and descriptive statistics for rights management
60
4.10 Descriptive statistics for electronic documents protection techniques
61
xi
4.11 Response rates and descriptive statistics for consistency
61
4.12 Response rates and descriptive statistics for version control
61
4.13 Descriptive statistics for organizational efficiency
62
4.14 Response rates and descriptive statistics for technology
62
4.15 Response rates and descriptive statistics for competence
63
4.16 Descriptive statistics for the study variables
63
4.17 Correlation for password construct and organizational efficiency
66
4.18 Correlation for encryption and organizational efficiency
68
4.19 Correlation for PDF Creation and organizational efficiency
70
4.20 Correlation for rights management and organizational efficiency
72
4.21 Partial correlation testing for technology
74
4.22 Partial correlation testing for competence
75
4.23 Decision Summary
76
xii
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure No.
1.1
Page
Conceptual Framework depicting electronic documents protection
techniques and organizational efficiency in the Banking sector of
Rivers State
9
Operationalized framework showing electronic document protection
techniques and organizational efficiency
40
4.1
Gender of respondents
53
4.2
Age of respondents
54
4.3
Qualification of respondents
55
4.4
Work experience of respondents
56
4.5
Scatter plot relationship between electronic documents protection
2.1
5.1
techniques and organizational efficiency
65
Heuristic Model
87
xiii
ABSTRACT
E-document theft, fraud and piracy has always been one of the burning security threats faced by the
banking sector of Rivers State. The importance of protecting electronic documents cannot be over
emphasized, documents are critical to organizational survival and operations, and as such every
organization that intends to remain competitive and relevant needs to put in place solid protective
measures for its documents. The broad objective of this study examined the relationship between
electronic documents protection techniques and organizational efficiency in the banking sector of Rivers
State. Six research questions and ten hypotheses in line with specific purpose of the study were employed.
The study employed a cross-sectional survey research design, primary and secondary source of data are
the major instruments used for the study. Descriptive and inferential statistical tool was used to analyze
the data. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMCC) was computed to test the hypotheses
facilitated using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21.0. The findings reveal that there
is a strong positive relationship between electronic documents protection techniques and organizational
efficiency in the banking sector of Rivers State. Based on the findings, it is paramount that the banking
sector encourage electronic documents protection techniques in order to create consistency as well as
ensure and enhance the control of the versions of these techniques.
xiv
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