ELECTRONIC DOCUMENTS PROTECTION TECHNIQUES AND ORGANIZATIONAL EFFICIENCY IN THE BANKING SECTOR OF RIVERS STATE. NWOGU, KINGSLEY PG.2016/02157 A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE POST GRADUATE SCHOOL, RIVERS STATE UNIVERSITY NKPOLU-OROWORUKWO, PORT HARCOURT, IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE AWARD OF MASTER OF SCIENCE DEGREE (M.Sc.) IN OFFICE AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT, FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCES, PORT HARCOURT. SUPERVISOR DR. (Mrs.) A. E. BESTMAN JULY, 2018 i DECLARATION I hereby declare that this project work “Electronic Documents Protection Techniques and Organizational Efficiency ’’ is my original work. It has not been carried out in any Tertiary Institution either for post graduate or undergraduate progam known to me. All sources of data/information accessed are properly referenced. ------------------------------ ----------- NWOGU, KINGSLEY Date (Researcher) ii CERTIFICATION RIVERS STATE UNIVERSITY, NKPOLU OROWORUKWO PORT HARCOURT FACULTY OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF OFFICE AND INFORMATION MANAGEMENT ELECTRONIC DOCUMENTS PROTECTION TECHNIQUES AND ORGANIZATIONAL SUSTAINABILITY IN THE BANKING SECTOR IN RIVERS STATE. BY NWOGU, KINGSLEY PG. 2016/02157 The Board of Examiner certifies as follows: That to the best of our knowledge, this is the original work of the candidate. That the thesis is accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of Master of Science (M.Sc.) in Office and Information Management. DR. (Mrs.) A. E. Bestman ----------------------- ------------------ Supervisor Signature Date Dr. (Mrs.) A. E. Bestman ----------------------- ------------------ HOD, Office & info. Mgt. Signature Date Prof. D. I. Hamilton ----------------------- ------------------ Dean, Fac. Of Mgt. Sciences Signature Date --------------------------- ----------------------- ------------------ External Examiner Signature Date Board iii DEDICATION This research is dedicated to God Almighty for his unmerited mercy and favor and for crowning my academic pursuit a success. iv ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I am indebted to several people for their numerous and invaluable support rendered in various capacities before and during this research work. My foremost gratitude goes to my able supervisor who by the grace of God is my Head of Department (H.O.D.) in the person of Dr. (Mrs.) A. E. Bestman, for her distinct patience, advice and tireless guidance and encouragements throughout the course. I am also grateful to my discipline/course lecturers: Prof. Sam A. Otamiri, Dr. P. N. Nwiyokpugi, Dr. E. Tantua (Jnr.), Mr. Henry Woboroma, (who made serious advisory and financial contributions that saw me through this level of degree). Others include; Prof. Bariyima D. Kiabel, Dr. Adols Nwoburu, Dr. Zeb-Obipi, for the knowledge impacted during this course work that has acted as a basis for writing this report. I wish to extend my gratitude to the Rivers State University Library team, particularly Mr. Shadrach Woroko for his support during my search for relevant literatures for this project. I also wish to extend my gratitude to all my classmates for the experiences shared during our period of study. My sincere gratitude also goes to all the respondents who participated in this study. More especially, I appreciate my family’s encouragements, advice and financial support they offered throughout the period of my study. It is my desire and hope that the literature which I have put together through this experience combined with practical leadership knowledge will have serious impact to all readers. As a learner, I have had many leaders who inspired me, and as a leader, I hope to inspire many learners. v TABLE OF CONTENTS Content Page Title Page i Declaration ii Certification iii Dedication iv Acknowledgments v Abstract vii Table of Contents viii List of Tables xi List of Figures xii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background to the Study 1 1.2 Statement of the Problems 4 1.3 Purpose of the Study 5 1.4 Research Questions 6 vi 1.5 Research Hypotheses 6 1.6 Study Variables and Conceptual Framework 8 1.7 Significance of the Study 9 1.8 Scope of the Study 10 1.9 Definition of Terms 11 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 Theoretical Framework 13 2.1.1 Archival Theory 14 2.2 Nature of Electronic Documents Protection Techniques 15 2.3 Dimensions of Electronic Document Protection Techniques 18 2.3.1 Password 18 2.3.2 Encryption 19 2.3.3 Portable Document Format Creation 21 2.3.4 Rights Management 23 2.4 26 Understanding the Concept of Organizational Efficiency 2.4.1 Consistency 27 2.4.2 Version Control 29 vii 2.5 Relationship between electronic documents protection techniques and organizational efficiency 33 2.5.1 Password and Organizational Efficiency 33 2.5.2 Encryption and Organizational Efficiency 34 2.5.3 PDF Creation and Organizational Efficiency 35 2.5.4 Rights Management and Organizational Efficiency 36 2.6 Moderating Influence of Technology on the relationship between Electronic documents protection techniques and organizational Efficiency 37 2.6.1 Moderating Influence of Competence on the relationship between Electronic documents protection techniques and organizational Efficiency 38 CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 3.1 Research Design 42 3.2 Population of the Study 42 3.3 Sample Size and Sampling Technique 43 3.4 Data Collection Method 46 3.4.1 The Questionnaire 46 viii 3.5 Method of Data Analysis 46 3.6 Validity and Reliability of Instrument 48 3.6.1 Validity Test 48 3.6.2 Reliability Test 49 CHAPTER 4: DATA PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS 4.1 Data Presentation 51 4.2 Demographic Analysis 52 4.3 Univariate Analysis 56 4.4 Bivariate Analysis 66 4.5 Multivariate Analysis 73 4.6 Discussion of Findings 79 CHAPTER 5: SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5.1 Summary 86 5.2 Conclusion 87 5.3 Recommendations 88 ix 5.4 Contribution to Knowledge 88 5.5 Suggestions for Further Studies 89 References 90 Appendix 93 Questionnaire 94 x LIST OF TABLES Table No Page 3.1 Determining sample size 44 3.2 Questionnaire Administration 45 3.3 Internal Reliability of the Instrument 49 4.1 Distribution of Questionnaire 52 4.2 Showing sex distribution of respondents 52 4.3 Showing age distribution of respondents 52 4.4 Showing educational level of respondents 54 4.5 Showing work experience of respondents 55 4.6 Response rates and descriptive statistics for password construct 57 4.7 Response rates and descriptive statistics for encryption 58 4.8 Response rates and descriptive statistics for PDF Creation 59 4.9 Response rates and descriptive statistics for rights management 60 4.10 Descriptive statistics for electronic documents protection techniques 61 xi 4.11 Response rates and descriptive statistics for consistency 61 4.12 Response rates and descriptive statistics for version control 61 4.13 Descriptive statistics for organizational efficiency 62 4.14 Response rates and descriptive statistics for technology 62 4.15 Response rates and descriptive statistics for competence 63 4.16 Descriptive statistics for the study variables 63 4.17 Correlation for password construct and organizational efficiency 66 4.18 Correlation for encryption and organizational efficiency 68 4.19 Correlation for PDF Creation and organizational efficiency 70 4.20 Correlation for rights management and organizational efficiency 72 4.21 Partial correlation testing for technology 74 4.22 Partial correlation testing for competence 75 4.23 Decision Summary 76 xii LIST OF FIGURES Figure No. 1.1 Page Conceptual Framework depicting electronic documents protection techniques and organizational efficiency in the Banking sector of Rivers State 9 Operationalized framework showing electronic document protection techniques and organizational efficiency 40 4.1 Gender of respondents 53 4.2 Age of respondents 54 4.3 Qualification of respondents 55 4.4 Work experience of respondents 56 4.5 Scatter plot relationship between electronic documents protection 2.1 5.1 techniques and organizational efficiency 65 Heuristic Model 87 xiii ABSTRACT E-document theft, fraud and piracy has always been one of the burning security threats faced by the banking sector of Rivers State. The importance of protecting electronic documents cannot be over emphasized, documents are critical to organizational survival and operations, and as such every organization that intends to remain competitive and relevant needs to put in place solid protective measures for its documents. The broad objective of this study examined the relationship between electronic documents protection techniques and organizational efficiency in the banking sector of Rivers State. Six research questions and ten hypotheses in line with specific purpose of the study were employed. The study employed a cross-sectional survey research design, primary and secondary source of data are the major instruments used for the study. Descriptive and inferential statistical tool was used to analyze the data. Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMCC) was computed to test the hypotheses facilitated using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 21.0. The findings reveal that there is a strong positive relationship between electronic documents protection techniques and organizational efficiency in the banking sector of Rivers State. Based on the findings, it is paramount that the banking sector encourage electronic documents protection techniques in order to create consistency as well as ensure and enhance the control of the versions of these techniques. xiv