GPA Standard 2145-03
--````,,```,,,```,`,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Table of Physical Constants
for Hydrocarbons and Other
Compounds of Interest to the
Natural Gas Industry
Adopted 1942
Revised 1957,1962, 1966, 1971, 1975, 1977,
1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996,
2000, 2003
Gas Processors Association
6526 East 60th Street
Tulsa, Oklahoma 74145
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FOREWORD
Some of the numbers in the tables result from other numbers in the tables by simple
calculation; the final results are as internally consistent as is reasonably possible.
Values obtained from such related data may differ from the tabulated values in the last
digit because of numerical round off, but the differences are beyond the accuracy of the
data (see the comment at the bottom of pages 3 and 9). Each of the values in the
Standard result from a preferred method of calculation. The value of the gas constant
used in the tables is 8.314472 joules per mole per Kelvin. Numbers in bold face are
different from the previous edition of 2145.
The values of the physical properties for the components in GPA 2145, as well as those
for many more compounds, appear in the GPSA Engineering Data Book. The Eleventh
Edition, which became available in 1998, has the same values as GPA Publication
Standard 2145-96. Values in subsequent annual publications of GPA 2145 may not
agree exactly with those in the Data Book because it is not revised yearly. When
revision dates coincide, the values in the two tables are identical.
DISCLAIMER
GPA publications necessarily address problems of a general nature and may be used by
anyone desiring to do so. Every effort has been made by GPA to assure accuracy and
reliability of the information contained in its publications. With respect to particular
circumstances, local, state, and federal laws and regulations should be reviewed. It is
not the intent of GPA to assume the duties of employers, manufacturers, or suppliers to
warn and properly train employees or others exposed, concerning health and safety risks
or precautions.
GPA makes no representation, warranty, or guarantee in connection with this
publication and hereby expressly disclaims any liability or responsibility for loss or
damage resulting from its use or for the violation of any federal, state, or municipal
regulation with which this publication may conflict, or for any infringement of letters of
patent regarding apparatus, equipment, or method so covered.
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--````,,```,,,```,`,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
The Table of Physical Constants for Hydrocarbons and Other Components of Interest to
the Natural Gas Industry, GPA Publication Standard 2145 provides the gas processing
industry with a convenient compilation of authoritative numerical values for the paraffin
hydrocarbons and other compounds occurring in natural gas and natural gas liquids as
well as for a few other compounds of interest to the industry. The physical properties
selected are those considered most valuable for engineering and analytical computations
in gas processing plants and laboratories. The properties are based upon the TRC
Thermodynamic Tables - Hydrocarbons and NIST Standard Reference Databases 10
(NIST/ASME Steam Properties) and 23 (REFPROP). The data in this publication have
been checked, evaluated and recalculated when necessary by the Thermodynamics
Research Center (TRC) at NIST in Boulder, Colorado.
PHYSICAL CONSTANTS OF SELECTED HYDROCARBONS
GPA STANDARD 2145-03 (FPS) becomes effective January 1, 2003
Component
Molar Mass
Boiling Point
at 14.696 psia, °F
Methane
Ethane
Propane
i-Butane
n-Butane i-Pentane n-Pentane
16.042
30.069
44.096
58.122
58.122
72.149
72.149
-258.67
-127.48
-43.72
11.08
31.09
82.11
96.98
-296.45
-297.04
-305.73
-255.30
-217.05
-255.80
-201.50
5000
800
188.69
72.484
51.683
20.456
15.558
0.3
340
2.5
0.35643
265.49
2.9716
0.50738
147.39
4.2301
0.56295
119.86
4.6934
0.58408
110.76
4.8696
0.62460
95.044
5.2074
0.63113
92.702
5.2618
0.55397
42.274
1.0383
79.237
1.5227
116.20
2.0071
153.16
2.0071
153.16
2.4914
190.12
2.4914
190.12
0.0116
0.0238
0.0349
0.0444
0.0471
0.0572
0.0603
6.4170
59.137
442.38
10.119
37.503
280.54
10.424
36.404
272.32
12.384
30.644
229.23
11.936
31.794
237.84
13.855
27.390
204.89
13.712
27.676
207.03
-116.66
667.0
89.924
706.6
205.92
615.5
274.41
527.9
305.546
550.9
368.98
490.4
385.75
488.8
23892
1010.0
59730
22181
65914
22334
1769.7
66369
21490
90905
21654
2516.2
91599
21080
98935
21232
3252.0
99652
21136
102926
21300
3262.4
103724
20891
108789
21044
4000.9
109584
20923
110094
21085
4008.7
110946
909
1619
2315
3000
3011
3699
3707
9.5420
16.698
23.855
31.011
31.011
38.168
38.168
219.8
210.3
183.4
157.2
166.3
147.7
154.4
0.52725
0.40346
1.3068
0.40880
0.34276
1.1927
0.9831
0.38970
0.34466
1.1307
0.6175
0.38798
0.35382
1.0966
0.5624
0.39649
0.36232
1.0943
0.5664
0.38311
0.35559
1.0774
0.5370
0.38882
0.36130
1.0762
0.5437
5.0
15.0
2.9
13.0
2.0
9.5
1.8
8.5
1.5
9.0
1.3
8.0
1.4
8.3
Freezing Point
--````,,```,,,```,`,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
at 14.696 psia, °F
Vapor Pressure
at 100 °F, psia
Density of Liquid
at 60 °F, 14.696 psia
Relative density at 60 °F/60 °F
API Gravity
Absolute density, lbm/gal
Density of Ideal Gas
at 60 °F, 14.696 psia
Relative density, air = 1.0
Density lbm/(1000 ft3)
Summation Factor
at 60 °F, psia-1
Volume
at 60 °F, 14.696 psia
Liquid, gal/lbmol
Ft3 ideal gas/gal liquid
Ratio, ideal gas/liquid
Critical Conditions
Temperature, °F
Pressure, psia
Gross Heating Value
at 60 °F, ideal reaction
Btu/lbm, fuel as liquid
Btu/gal, fuel as liquid
Btu/lbm, fuel as ideal gas
Btu/ft3, fuel as ideal gas
Btu/gal, fuel as ideal gas
Net Heating Value
at 60 °F, ideal reaction
Btu/ft3, fuel as ideal gas
Volume of Air to Burn One
Volume of Ideal Gas
Heat of Vaporization
at 14.696 psia, °F
Btu/lbm at the boiling point
Specific Heat
at 60 °F, 14.696 psia
C P , Btu/(lbm °F), ideal gas
C V , Btu/(lbm °F), ideal gas
k = C P /C V , ideal gas
C S , Btu/(lbm °F), sat. liq.
Flammability Limits
at 100 °F, 14.696 psia
Lower, volume % In air
Upper, volume % in air
Octane Number
0.05
97.1
97.6
89.6
90.3
62.6
1.6
1.8
0.1
93.8
92.3
61.7
Numbers in this table do not have accuracies greater than 1 part in 1000. In some cases, extra digits have been
added to calculated values to achieve internal consistency or to permit recalculation of experimental values.
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PHYSICAL CONSTANTS OF SELECTED HYDROCARBONS
GPA STANDARD 2145-03 (FPS) becomes effective January 1, 2003
Molar Mass
Boiling Point
86.175
100.202
114.229
128.255
142.282
Carbon
Dioxide
44.010
at 14.696 psia, °F
155.72
209.13
258.21
303.40
345.40
-109.12
-139.56
-131.01
-70.17
-64.28
-21.39
-69.81
4.961
1.620
0.5366
0.1700
0.0616
0.66405
81.588
5.5363
0.68819
74.113
5.7375
0.70698
68.647
5.8942
0.72186
64.521
6.0183
0.73406
61.264
6.1200
0.82203
40.636
6.8534
2.9758
227.09
3.4601
264.05
3.9445
301.01
4.4289
337.97
4.9132
374.93
1.5197
115.97
0.0792
0.0953
0.1214
0.1350
0.1516
0.0195
15.566
24.380
182.37
17.464
21.729
162.55
19.380
19.582
146.48
21.311
17.807
133.21
23.249
16.323
122.10
6.4216
59.095
442.06
453.83
436.9
512.87
396.8
564.22
360.7
610.8
330.7
652.2
304.6
87.8
1070.0
20783
115060
20944
4756.0
115951
20680
118654
20839
5502.5
119565
20601
121428
20760
6248.9
122363
20543
123634
20701
6996.4
124585
20494
125424
20652
7743.0
126388
4404
5100
5796
6493
7190
45.324
52.481
59.637
66.794
73.950
144.1
136.7
130.0
124.4
119.3
246.5
0.38696
0.36392
1.0633
0.5330
0.38566
0.36584
1.0542
0.5279
0.38446
0.36708
1.0474
0.5250
0.38358
0.36810
1.0421
0.5221
0.38294
0.36898
1.0378
0.5207
0.19920
0.15407
1.2929
1.1
7.7
1.0
7.0
0.8
6.5
0.7
5.6
0.7
5.4
Component
n-Hexane
n-Heptane
n-Octane
n-Nonane
n-Decane
Freezing Point
at 14.696 psia, °F
Vapor Pressure
at 100 °F, psia
Density of Liquid
at 60 °F, 14.696 psia
Relative density at 60 °F/60 °F
API Gravity
Absolute density, lbm/gal
Density of Ideal Gas
at 60 °F, 14.696 psia
Relative density, air = 1.0
Density lbm/(1000 ft3)
Summation Factor
at 60 °F, psia-1
Volume
--````,,```,,,```,`,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
at 60 °F, 14.696 psia
Liquid, gal/lbmol
Ft3 ideal gas/gal liquid
Ratio, ideal gas/liquid
Critical Conditions
Temperature, °F
Pressure, psia
Gross Heating Value
at 60 °F, ideal reaction
Btu/lbm, fuel as liquid
Btu/gal, fuel as liquid
Btu/lbm, fuel as ideal gas
Btu/ft3, fuel as ideal gas
Btu/gal, fuel as ideal gas
Net Heating Value
at 60 °F, ideal reaction
Btu/ft3, fuel as ideal gas
Volume of Air to Burn One
Volume of Ideal Gas
Heat of Vaporization
at 14.696 psia, °F
Btu/lbm at the boiling point
Specific Heat
at 60 °F, 14.696 psia
C P , Btu/(lbm °F), ideal gas
C V , Btu/(lbm °F), ideal gas
k = C P /C V , ideal gas
C S , Btu/(lbm °F), sat. liq.
Flammability Limits
at 100 °F, 14.696 psia
Lower, volume % In air
Upper, volume % in air
Octane Number
26
24.8
Refer to the notes on pages 4 and 5 as well as the references on page 13. All values in this table have been
adjusted to the International Temperature Scale 1990 (ITS-90). Values in boldface type have changed since the
last version of GPA 2145.
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PHYSICAL CONSTANTS OF SELECTED HYDROCARBONS
GPA STANDARD 2145-03 (FPS) becomes effective January 1, 2003
Component
Molar Mass
Boiling Point
at 14.696 psia, °F
Hydrogen
Sulfide
34.082
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Helium
Water
Air
28.0130
31.9990
4.0026
28.959
18.0153
-76.52
-320.43
-297.33
-452.06
-317.64
211.95
-121.81
-346.00
-361.82
-455.752
Freezing Point
at 14.696 psia, °F
32.00
Vapor Pressure
at 100 °F, psia
395.55
0.95051
Density of Liquid
at 60 °F, 14.696 psia
Relative density at 60 °F/60 °F
API Gravity
Absolute density, lbm/gal
0.80269
44.782
6.6922
0.80687
43.870
6.7270
1.1423
-7.627
9.5236
1.1769
89.811
0.9673
73.819
1.1050
84.322
0.0242
0.00442
0.0072
5.0928
74.514
557.40
4.1643
91.129
681.69
3.3600
112.94
844.87
212.8
1306.5
-232.53
492.5
-181.43
731.4
0.87603
30.024
7.3036
1.00000
10.000
8.3372
0.1382
10.547
1.0000
76.311
0.62210
47.473
0
0.00523
0.05557
3.9650
95.708
715.95
2.1608
175.62
1313.7
-220.97
551.9
705.10
3200.1
Density of Ideal Gas
at 60 °F, 14.696 psia
Relative density, air = 1.0
Density lbm/(1000 ft3)
Summation Factor
at 60 °F, psia-1
Volume
at 60 °F, 14.696 psia
Liquid, gal/lbmol
Ft3 ideal gas/gal liquid
Ratio, ideal gas/liquid
Temperature, °F
Pressure, psia
-450.32
33.0
Gross Heating Value
at 60 °F, ideal reaction
Btu/lbm, fuel as liquid
Btu/gal, fuel as liquid
Btu/lbm, fuel as ideal gas
Btu/ft 3, fuel as ideal gas
Btu/gal, fuel as ideal gas
6897.0
46156
7093.8
637.11
47473
1059.8
50.312
8836
Net Heating Value
at 60 °F, ideal reaction
Btu/ft 3, fuel as ideal gas
Volume of Air to Burn One
Volume of Ideal Gas
Heat of Vaporization
at 14.696 psia, °F
Btu/lbm at the boiling point
586.8
7.156
234.4
85.63
91.60
8.922
86.81
970.12
0.23939
0.18112
1.3217
0.5079
0.24829
0.17740
1.3996
0.21894
0.15688
1.3956
1.24036
0.74421
1.6667
0.23992
0.17134
1.4002
0.44477
0.33453
1.3295
1.0004
Specific Heat
at 60 °F, 14.696 psia
C P , Btu/(lbm °F), ideal gas
C V , Btu/(lbm °F), ideal gas
k = C P /C V , ideal gas
C S , Btu/(lbm °F), sat. liq.
Flammability Limits
at 100 °F, 14.696 psia
Lower, volume % In air
Upper, volume % in air
4.30
45.50
Octane Number
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--````,,```,,,```,`,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Critical Conditions
TABLE FOR NOTES
GPA STANDARD
Component
Notes
Molar Mass
Boiling Point
a
at 14.696 psia, °F
Freezing Point
at 14.696 psia, °F
Vapor Pressure
at 100 °F, psia
C1
C2
C3
i-C4
n-C4
i-C5
n-C5
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
f,g
f,g
f,g
f
f
f
f
i
i
c
c
c
c
c
i
h, l
h, l
h, l
h, l
l
l
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
i
i
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
g
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
j
j
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
Density of Liquid
at 60 °F, 14.696 psia
Relative density at 60 °F/60 °F
API Gravity
Absolute density, lbm/gal
k
k
Density of Ideal Gas
at 60 °F, 14.696 psia
Relative density, air = 1.0
Density lbm/(1000 ft3)
o, p
Summation Factor
at 60 °F, psia-1
Volume
at 60 °F, 14.696 psia
Liquid, gal/lbmol
Ft3 ideal gas/gal liquid
Ratio, ideal gas/liquid
s
s
s
Critical Conditions
Temperature, °F
Pressure, psia
Gross Heating Value
at 60 °F, ideal reaction
Btu/lbm, fuel as liquid
Btu/gal, fuel as liquid
Btu/lbm, fuel as ideal gas
Btu/ft3, fuel as ideal gas
Btu/gal, fuel as ideal gas
u, v
u, s
u, v
u, v, w
u, s
Net Heating Value
at 60 °F, ideal reaction
Btu/ft3, fuel as ideal gas
Volume to Burn One Volume of
Ideal Gas
Heat of Vaporization
at 14.696 psia, °F
Btu/lbm at the boiling point
p
c, l, p, r, c, l, p, r, c, l, p, r, c, l, p, r, c, l, p, r, c, l, p, r, c, l, p, r,
Specific Heat
at 60 °F, 14.696 psia
C P , Btu/(lbm °F), ideal gas
C V , Btu/(lbm °F), ideal gas
k = C P /C V , ideal gas
C S , Btu/(lbm °F), sat. liq.
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
9, y
9, y, z
9
9, y, z
9
9, y, z
9, z
9, z
9
9
9, z
9, z
Flammability Limits
at 100 °F, 14.696 psia
Lower, volume % In air
Upper, volume % in air
Octane Number
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AND REFERENCES
2145-03 (FPS)
n-C6
n-C7
n-C8
n-C9
n-C10
CO2
H2S
N2
O2
He
Air
H2O
b
c
c
c
c
c
d, h
d
d
d
d
d
e
f
f
f
f
f
d, g
d, g
d, g
d, g
d, g
d, g
e
c
c
c
c
c
j
d
d
d
d
d
e
l
l
l
l
l
d, m
d, m
d, n
d, n
r
r
r
d
d
d
d
d
d
g
g
g
g
t
t
t
t
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
q
d
d
d
d
d
d
e
e
m
m
x, e
x, e
x, e
v
v
v
v
v
c, l, p, r, c, l, p, r, c, l, p, r, c, l, p, r, c, l, p, r,
v
f, h
d
d
d
d
d
e
6
6
6
6
6
d
e
7
7
7
7
7
d
e
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
5
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--````,,```,,,```,`,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
f
f
e
NOTES FOR GPA STANDARD 2145-03 (FPS)
a Coursey, J. S. and Dragoset, R. A. (2001). Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions (version 2.2.1),
[Online]. Available: http://physics.nist.gov/Comp [2002, February 13]. National Institute of Standards
and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD. Originally published as R.D. Vocke, Jr., Atomic Weights of the
Elements 1997, Pure Appl. Chem., 71(8), 1593 (1999)
b The molar mass for air is based upon the following composition expressed in mole fraction: N2(g),
0.7812; O2(g), 0.2096; Ar(g), 0.0092.
c Calculated with the evaluated vapor-pressure equation in the TRC Table Database (Reference 1)
d NIST REFPROP Database: Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties (Reference 2)
e NIST Water Properties (Reference 3)
f TRC Table Database (Reference 1)
g At saturation pressure (triple point)
h Sublimination point
i Shaded values are estimated for the hypothetical liquid state
j The temperature is above the critical temperature
--````,,```,,,```,`,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
k Derived from the absolute density and the density of water from reference 3
l Reference 4
m Saturation pressure
n Densities of liquid at the normal boiling point
o The value used for the gas constant is 8.314472 J.mol-1.K-1. [10.7316 psia ft3/(lbmol.oR)]
p Calculated values
q Defined value
r Reference 5
s Alegebraically derived from the absolute density of the liquid
t Gas at 60 °F and liquid at the normal boiling point
u The basis for gross heating value is dry gas at 60 °F and 14.696 psia based upon ideal reaction, see GPA
2172 for conversion to other bases
v Derived with enthalpies of combustion for the appropriate phase at 298.15K from reference 1 (TRC
Tables). Adjustment to 60 °F was accomplished with ideal-gas heat capacities listed in reference 6 and
liquid phase heat capacities listed in reference 7
w Gross heating values per volume are not direct conversions using gas to liquid volumes; the values
differ by the ideal enthalpy of vaporization at 60 °F
x Ideal enthalpy of vaporization
y The + sign and number specify the number of cm3 of TEL (tetraethyl lead) added per gallon to achieve
the ASTM octane number of 100, corresponding to that of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane
z Average value from octane numbers using more than one sample
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PHYSICAL CONSTANTS OF SELECTED HYDROCARBONS
GPA STANDARD 2145-03 (SI) becomes effective January 1, 2003
Component
Methane
Ethane
Propane
i-Butane
n-Butane i-Pentane n-Pentane
Molar Mass
Boiling Point
16.042
30.069
44.096
58.122
58.122
72.149
72.149
at 101.325 kPa(abs), K
111.67
184.55
231.08
261.53
272.64
300.99
309.25
90.68
90.35
85.52
113.54
134.79
113.26
143.43
35000
5500
1369.9
530.12
379.36
151.36
115.56
0.3
300
0.35832
358.00
0.50812
507.67
0.56357
563.07
0.58466
584.14
0.62511
624.54
0.63162
631.05
0.55397
0.67848
1.0383
1.2717
1.5227
1.8649
2.0071
2.4581
2.0071
2.4581
2.4914
3.0514
2.4914
3.0514
0.00442
0.00910
0.0133
0.0169
0.0180
0.0219
0.0230
53.475
442.17
83.992
281.51
86.859
272.22
103.22
229.06
99.501
237.63
115.52
204.68
114.33
206.81
190.56
4599
305.33
4872
369.77
4244.00
407.82
3640.00
425.12
3798
460.36
3381
469.68
3370
55.576
37.707
51.594
18471
51.952
66.067
49.988
25377
50.370
93.936
49.033
27609
49.389
121.40
49.165
28719
49.547
121.79
48.594
30349
48.950
149.36
48.669
30712
49.046
149.66
33.949
60.429
86.419
112.01
112.40
138.09
138.38
9.5420
16.698
23.855
31.011
31.011
38.168
38.168
511.3
489.2
426.7
365.6
386.9
343.7
359.2
2.2062
1.6879
1.3071
1.7094
1.4329
1.1930
4.081
1.6292
1.4406
1.1309
2.581
1.6218
1.4788
1.0967
2.351
1.6577
1.5146
1.0944
2.369
1.6014
1.4861
1.0775
2.246
1.6256
1.5104
1.0763
2.274
5.0
15.0
2.9
13.0
2.0
9.5
1.8
8.5
1.5
9.0
1.3
8.0
1.4
8.3
0.05
1.6
97.1
1.8
97.6
0.1
89.6
93.8
90.3
92.3
62.6
61.7
Freezing Point
at 101.325 kPa(abs), K
Vapor Pressure
at 313.15 K, kPa(abs)
Density of Liquid
at 288.15 K, 101.325 kPa(abs)
Relative density at 15 °C/15 °C
Absolute density, kg m-3
Density of Ideal Gas
at 288.15 K, 101.325 kPa(abs)
Relative density, air = 1.0
Density kg m-3
Summation Factor
at 288.15 K, kPa-1
Volume
at 288.15 K, 101.325 kPa(abs)
Liquid, cm3 mol-1
Ratio, ideal gas/liquid
Critical Conditions
Temperature, K
Pressure, kPa(abs)
Gross Heating Value
at 288.15 K, ideal reaction
MJ kg-1, fuel as liquid
MJ m-3, fuel as liquid
MJ kg-1, fuel as ideal gas
MJ m-3, fuel as ideal gas
Volume of Air to Burn One
Volume of Ideal Gas
Heat of Vaporization
at 101.325 kPa(abs)
kJ kg-1 at the boiling point
Specific Heat
at 288.15 K, 101.325 kPa(abs)
C P , kJ kg-1 K-1, ideal gas
C V , kJ kg-1 K-1, ideal gas
k = C P /C V , ideal gas
C S , kJ kg-1 K-1, sat. liq.
--````,,```,,,```,`,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Net Heating Value
at 288.15 K, ideal reaction
MJ m-3, fuel as ideal gas
Flammability Limits
at 310.93 K, 101.325 kPa(abs)
Lower, volume % In air
Upper, volume % in air
Octane Number
Motor clear
Research clear
Numbers in this table do not have accuracies greater than 1 part in 1000. In some cases, extra digits have been
added to calculated values to achieve internal consistency or to permit recalculation of experimental values.
7
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PHYSICAL CONSTANTS OF SELECTED HYDROCARBONS
GPA STANDARD 2145-03 (SI) becomes effective January 1, 2003
Molar Mass
Boiling Point
86.175
100.202
114.229
128.255
142.282
Carbon
Dioxide
44.010
at 101.325 kPa(abs), K
341.88
371.56
398.82
423.93
447.26
194.75
177.84
182.59
216.39
219.66
243.49
216.59
37.300
12.336
4.1403
1.3488
0.4876
0.66448
663.89
0.68860
687.98
0.70737
706.73
0.72224
721.59
0.73442
733.76
0.82195
821.22
2.9758
3.6446
3.4601
4.2378
3.9445
4.8310
4.4289
5.4242
4.9132
6.0174
1.5197
1.8613
0.0303
0.0364
0.0464
0.0516
0.0580
0.00745
129.80
182.16
145.65
162.34
161.63
146.29
177.74
133.03
193.91
121.94
53.59
441.2
507.50
3012
540.30
2736
568.8
2487
594.7
2280
617.7
2100
304.1
7377
48.343
32094
48.717
177.55
48.104
33095
48.474
205.42
47.920
33866
48.289
233.29
47.785
34481
48.153
261.19
47.671
34979
48.038
289.06
164.40
190.39
216.37
242.40
268.39
45.324
52.481
59.637
66.794
73.950
335.1
318.1
302.4
289.3
277.6
573.3
1.6178
1.5213
1.0634
2.231
1.6123
1.5294
1.0543
2.208
1.6073
1.5345
1.0474
2.196
1.6036
1.5388
1.0421
2.184
1.6009
1.5425
1.0379
2.178
0.8334
0.6445
1.2931
1.1
7.7
1.0
7.0
0.8
6.5
0.7
5.6
0.7
5.4
Component
n-Hexane
n-Heptane
n-Octane
n-Nonane
n-Decane
Freezing Point
at 101.325 kPa(abs), K
Vapor Pressure
at 313.15 K, kPa(abs)
Density of Liquid
at 288.15 K, 101.325 kPa(abs)
Relative density at 15 °C/15 °C
Absolute density, kg m-3
Density of Ideal Gas
at 288.15 K, 101.325 kPa(abs)
Relative density, air = 1.0
Density kg m-3
Summation Factor
at 288.15 K, kPa-1
Volume
at 288.15 K, 101.325 kPa(abs)
Liquid, cm3 mol-1
Ratio, ideal gas/liquid
Critical Conditions
Temperature, K
Pressure, kPa(abs)
Gross Heating Value
at 288.15 K, ideal reaction
MJ kg-1, fuel as liquid
MJ m-3, fuel as liquid
MJ kg-1, fuel as ideal gas
MJ m-3, fuel as ideal gas
Net Heating Value
at 288.15 K, ideal reaction
MJ m-3, fuel as ideal gas
Volume of Air to Burn One
Volume of Ideal Gas
Heat of Vaporization
at 101.325 kPa(abs)
kJ kg-1 at the boiling point
Specific Heat
at 288.15 K, 101.325 kPa(abs)
C P , kJ kg-1 K-1, ideal gas
C V , kJ kg-1 K-1, ideal gas
k = C P /C V , ideal gas
C S , kJ kg-1 K-1, sat. liq.
Flammability Limits
at 310.93 K, 101.325 kPa(abs)
Lower, volume % In air
Upper, volume % in air
Octane Number
Motor clear
Research clear
26
24.8
Refer to the notes on pages 10 and 11 as well as the references on page 13. All values in this table have been
adjusted to the International Temperature Scale 1990 (ITS-90). Values in boldface type have changed since the last
version of GPA 2145.
8
--````,,```,,,```,`,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
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PHYSICAL CONSTANTS OF SELECTED HYDROCARBONS
GPA STANDARD 2145-03 (SI) becomes effective January 1, 2003
Component
Molar Mass
Boiling Point
at 101.325 kPa(abs), K
Hydrogen
Sulfide
34.082
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Helium
Air
Water
28.0130
31.9990
4.0026
28.959
18.0153
212.86
77.355
90.188
4.230
78.903
373.124
187.70
63.151
54.361
2.177
Freezing Point
at 101.325 kPa(abs), K
273.15
Vapor Pressure
at 313.15 K, kPa(abs)
2867
7.3849
Density of Liquid
at 288.15 K, 101.325 kPa(abs)
Relative density at 15 °C/15 °C
Absolute density, kg m-3
0.80015
799.4
0.80680
806.1
1.1422
1141.2
1.1769
1.4414
0.9673
1.1847
1.1050
1.3533
0.00926
0.00170
0.00275
42.63
554.6
34.752
680.4
28.040
843.2
373.6
9008
126.19
3396
154.58
5043
0.87596
875.2
1.00000
999.103
0.1382
0.1693
1.0000
1.2247
0.62210
0.76191
0
0.00201
0.02496
33.09
714.6
18.031
1311.3
132.61
3805.0
647.10
22064
Density of Ideal Gas
at 288.15 K, 101.325 kPa(abs)
Relative density, air = 1.0
Density kg m-3
Summation Factor
at 288.15 K, kPa -1
Volume
at 288.15 K, 101.325 kPa(abs)
Liquid, cm3 mol-1
Ratio, ideal gas/liquid
Critical Conditions
Temperature, K
Pressure, kPa(abs)
5.195
227.46
Gross Heating Value
at 288.15 K, ideal reaction
MJ kg-1, fuel as liquid
MJ m-3, fuel as liquid
MJ kg-1, fuel as ideal gas
MJ m-3, fuel as ideal gas
16.042
12825
16.501
23.785
2.4664
1.8792
Net Heating Value
at 288.15 K, ideal reaction
MJ m-3, fuel as ideal gas
Volume of Air to Burn One
Volume of Ideal Gas
Heat of Vaporization
--````,,```,,,```,`,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
at 101.325 kPa(abs)
kJ kg-1 at the boiling point
21.91
7.156
545.3
199.2
213.1
20.75
201.9
2256.5
1.0021
0.7581
1.3218
2.125
1.0396
0.7427
1.3996
0.9166
0.6568
1.3956
5.1931
3.1159
1.6667
1.0045
0.7173
1.4002
1.8620
1.4005
1.3295
4.1889
Specific Heat
at 288.15 K, 101.325 kPa(abs)
C P , kJ kg-1 K-1, ideal gas
C V , kJ kg-1 K-1, ideal gas
k = C P /C V , ideal gas
C S , kJ kg-1 K-1, sat. liq.
Flammability Limits
at 310.93 K, 101.325 kPa(abs)
Lower, volume % In air
Upper, volume % in air
4.3
45.5
Octane Number
Motor clear
Research clear
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TABLE FOR NOTES
GPA STANDARD
Component
Molar Mass
Boiling Point
Notes
C1
C2
C3
i-C4
n-C4
i-C5
n-C5
c
c
c
c
c
c
c
f,g
f,g
f,g
f
f
f
f
i
i
c
c
c
c
c
i
h, l
h, l
h, l
h, l
l
l
r
r
r
r
r
r
r
i
g
g
g
g
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
j
j
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
m
v
v
v
v
v
v
v
c, l, p, r,
c, l, p, r,
c, l, p, r,
c, l, p, r,
c, l, p, r,
c, l, p, r,
c, l, p, r,
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
7
7
7
7
7
7
7
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
9, y
9, y, z
9
9, y, z
9
9, y, z
9, z
9, z
9
9
9, z
9, z
a
at 101.325 kPa(abs), K
Freezing Point
at 101.325 kPa(abs), K
Vapor Pressure
at 313.15 K, kPa(abs)
Density of Liquid
at 288.15 K, 101.325 kPa(abs)
Relative density at 15 °C/15 °C
Absolute density, kg m-3
k
Density of Ideal Gas
at 288.15 K, 101.325 kPa(abs)
Relative density, air = 1.0
Density kg m-3
o, p
Summation Factor
at 288.15 K, kPa-1
Volume
at 288.15 K, 101.325 kPa(abs)
Liquid, cm3 mol-1
Ratio, ideal gas/liquid
s
s
Critical Conditions
Temperature, K
Pressure, kPa(abs)
Gross Heating Value
at 288.15 K, ideal reaction
MJ kg-1, fuel as liquid
MJ m-3, fuel as liquid
MJ kg-1, fuel as ideal gas
MJ m-3, fuel as ideal gas
u, v
u, s
u, v
u, s
Net Heating Value
at 288.15 K, ideal reaction
MJ m-3, fuel as ideal gas
at 101.325 kPa(abs)
kJ kg-1 at the boiling point
p
Specific Heat
at 288.15 K, 101.325 kPa(abs)
C P , kJ kg-1 K-1, ideal gas
C V , kJ kg-1 K-1, ideal gas
k = C P /C V , ideal gas
C S , kJ kg-1 K-1, sat. liq.
Flammability Limits
at 310.93 K, 101.325 kPa(abs)
Lower, volume % In air
Upper, volume % in air
Octane Number
Motor clear
Research clear
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--````,,```,,,```,`,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
Volume of Air to Burn One
Volume of Ideal Gas
Heat of Vaporization
AND REFERENCES
2145-03 (SI)
n-C6
n-C7
n-C8
n-C9
n-C10
CO2
H2S
N2
O2
He
Air
H2O
c
c
c
c
c
d, h
d
d
d
d
d
e
f
f
f
f
f
d, g
d, g
d, g
d, g
d, g
d, g
e
c
c
c
c
c
j
d
d
d
d
d
e
l
l
l
l
l
d, m
d, m
d, n
d, n
r
r
r
d
d
d
d
d
d
g
g
t
t
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
d
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
e
q
d
d
d
d
d
d
e
e
m
m
x, e
x, e
v
v
v
v
v
v
c, l, p, r,
c, l, p, r,
c, l, p, r,
c, l, p, r,
c, l, p, r,
1
6
6
6
6
6
e
2
7
7
7
7
7
e
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
8
f, h
d
d
d
d
11
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d
e
--````,,```,,,```,`,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
b
NOTES FOR GPA STANDARD 2145-03 (SI)
a Coursey, J. S. and Dragoset, R. A. (2001). Atomic Weights and Isotopic Compositions (version 2.2.1),
[Online]. Available: http://physics.nist.gov/Comp [2002, February 13]. National Institute of Standards
and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD. Originally published as R.D. Vocke, Jr., Atomic Weights of the
Elements 1997, Pure Appl. Chem., 71(8), 1593 (1999)
b The molar mass for air is based upon the following composition expressed in mole fraction: N2(g),
0.7812; O2(g), 0.2096; Ar(g), 0.0092.
c Calculated with the evaluated vapor-pressure equation in the TRC Table Database (Reference 1)
d NIST REFPROP Database: Reference Fluid Thermodynamic and Transport Properties (Reference 2)
e NIST Water Properties (Reference 3)
f TRC Table Database (Reference 1)
g At saturation pressure (triple point)
h Sublimination point
i Shaded values are estimated for the hypothetical liquid state
j The temperature is above the critical temperature
k Derived from the absolute density and the density of water from reference 3
l Reference 4
m Saturation pressure
n Densities of liquid at the normal boiling point
--````,,```,,,```,`,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
o The value used for the gas constant is 8.314472 J.mol-1.K-1. [10.7316 psia ft3/(lbmol.oR)]
p Calculated values
q Defined value
r Reference 5
s Alegebraically derived from the absolute density of the liquid
t Gas at 15 °C and liquid at the normal boiling point
u The basis for gross heating value is dry gas at 15 °C and 101.325 kPa based upon ideal reaction, see
GPA 2172 for conversion to other bases
v Derived with enthalpies of combustion for the appropriate phase at 298.15K from reference 1 (TRC
Tables). Adjustment to 288.15 K was accomplished with ideal-gas heat capacities listed in reference 6
and liquid phase heat capacities listed in reference 7
w Gross heating values per volume are not direct conversions using gas to liquid volumes; the values
differ by the ideal enthalpy of vaporization at 15 °C
x Ideal enthalpy of vaporization
y The + sign and number specify the number of cm3 of TEL (tetraethyl lead) added per gallon to achieve
the ASTM octane number of 100, corresponding to that of 2,2,4-trimethylpentane
z Average value from octane numbers using more than one sample
12
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Literature Cited
1 X. Yan, Q. Dong, X. Hong, and M. Frenkel, NIST/TRC Table Database, NIST Standard
Reference Database 85, Version 2002. NIST Standard Reference Data Program, Gaithersburg,
MD.
2 E. W. Lemmon and M. O. McLinden, Reference Fluid and Thermodynamic and Transport
Properties (REFPROP), NIST Standard Reference Database 23, Version 7, Beta Version,
February 5, 2002. NIST Standard Reference Data Program, Gaithersburg, MD.
3 A.H. Harvey, A.P. Peskin, and S.A. Klein, NIST/ASME Steam Properties, NIST Standard
Reference Database 10, Version 2.2, NIST Standard Reference Data Program, Gaithersburg,
MD (2000);
and;
4 Wilhoit, R. C.; Marsh, K. N.; Hong, X.; Gadalla, N.; Frenkel, M.; "Thermodynamic Properties
of Organic Compounds and their Mixtures; Densities of Aliphatic Hydrocarbons: Alkanes,"
Group IV, Volume 8, Subvolume B: Landolt-Börnstein, 1996.
5 Dymond, J. H.; Marsh, K. N.; Wilhoit, R. C.; Wong, K. C.; "The Virial Coefficients of Pure
Gases and Mixtures; Virial Coefficients of Pure Gases," Group IV, Volume 21, Subvolume A:
Landolt-Börnstein, 2002. In Press.
6 Frenkel, M.; Kabo, G. J.; Marsh, K. N.; Roganov, G. N.; Wilhoit, R. C.; "Thermodynamics of
Organic Compounds in the Gas State, Vol. I & II," TRC Data Series, 1994.
7 Zabransky, M.; Ruzicka, V.; Majer, V.; Domalski, E. S.; "Heat Capacity of Liquids," J. Phys.
Chem. Ref. Data, Monograph 6, ACS/AIP, 1996.
8 Engineering Sciences Data Unit, "Fire Hazard Properties: Flash Points, Flammability Limits
and Autoignition Temperatures," ESDU 82030, September 1983.
9 Obert, Edward F.; "Internal Combustion Engines and Air Pollution," Harper & Row:
NewYork, 1973.
13
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--````,,```,,,```,`,,,,,`,,````-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
W. Wagner and A. Pruss, "The IAPWS Formulation 1995 for the Thermodynamic Properties
of Ordinary Water Substance for General and Scientific Use," J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data, in
press (2002).