Uploaded by Ravindu Nethsara

Care of an Elderly person in health and social care (8000 words)

advertisement
CARE OF AN ELDERLY PERSON IN HEALTH AND SOCIAL CARE
Table of Contents
Question 1 ....................................................................................................................................... 3
Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 3
Importance of Safety in the Workplace ...................................................................................... 3
Roles of Employers and Employees ........................................................................................... 3
Implications of Neglected Safety ................................................................................................ 4
Legal and Ethical Considerations ............................................................................................... 4
Conclusion .................................................................................................................................. 4
Question 2 ....................................................................................................................................... 5
Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 5
Attributes of Good Communication............................................................................................ 5
Challenges to Good Communication .......................................................................................... 5
Strategies to Overcome Communication Challenges ................................................................. 6
Role of Interpersonal Skills ........................................................................................................ 6
Conclusion .................................................................................................................................. 6
Question 3 ....................................................................................................................................... 7
Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 7
i) Steps in Accepting the Crisis Situation ................................................................................... 7
ii) Psychosocial Problems/Issues Mr. Sam May Face ................................................................ 8
Conclusion .................................................................................................................................. 9
Question 4 ..................................................................................................................................... 10
Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 10
i) Responsibilities When Supporting Regina ............................................................................ 10
ii) Health and Social Care Services in Different Settings ......................................................... 12
Conclusion ................................................................................................................................ 13
Question 5 ..................................................................................................................................... 14
Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 14
1. Bed Rails: .............................................................................................................................. 14
2. Grab Bars: ............................................................................................................................. 15
3. Personal Emergency Response System (PERS): .................................................................. 16
4. Bed Exit Alarms:................................................................................................................... 17
5. Wheelchair Seat Belts: .......................................................................................................... 17
Conclusion ................................................................................................................................ 18
Question 6 ..................................................................................................................................... 19
Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 19
Conclusion ................................................................................................................................ 20
Question 7 ..................................................................................................................................... 21
Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 21
i) Types of Abuse and Their Consequences: ............................................................................ 22
ii) Actions to Ensure Jenny's Safety and Confidentiality: ........................................................ 22
Importance of Ensuring Confidentiality and Safety ................................................................. 23
Conclusion ................................................................................................................................ 23
Question 8 ..................................................................................................................................... 24
Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 24
1. Providing Evidence through Behavior: ................................................................................. 24
2. Following Protocols: ............................................................................................................. 24
3. Fulfilling Responsibilities: .................................................................................................... 25
4. Advocating for Client Rights ................................................................................................ 25
5. Continual Learning and Improvement .................................................................................. 26
Conclusion ................................................................................................................................ 26
Question 9 ..................................................................................................................................... 27
Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 27
Conclusion ................................................................................................................................ 29
Question 10 ................................................................................................................................... 29
Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 29
Motivation to Pursue Elderly Caregiving ................................................................................. 30
Contributions I Aspire to Make ................................................................................................ 30
Conclusion ................................................................................................................................ 31
References ..................................................................................................................................... 32
Question 1
Importance of Occupational Safety and Health in the Workplace
Introduction
Every workplace must have occupational safety and health (OSH), which includes policies and
procedures designed to protect staff members' health while they are at work. Workplace safety
must be ensured and maintained by both employers and employees. This conversation emphasizes
the value of putting safety first in the workplace and explores the consequences that can result
from doing so.
Importance of Safety in the Workplace
There are several reasons why workplace safety is important. First and foremost, it serves as a
barrier of protection, guarding against employee illnesses and injuries and ultimately preserving
human life. In addition to protecting physical health, a secure workplace promotes an atmosphere
that is conducive to total wellbeing. Organizations may improve employee morale, increase
productivity, and foster a good environment that raises employee satisfaction and engagement by
prioritizing safety. Additionally, preserving a safe atmosphere assures adherence to legal
requirements and standards, minimizing the risk of fines, penalties, and other legal repercussions.
Since the firm values the lives and contributions of its people, workplace safety serves as a
fundamental pillar of ethical business practices (ILO, 2011; Hämäläinen et al., 2006; Niu et al.,
2011).
Roles of Employers and Employees
It is the duty of employers to maintain a secure workplace. This includes recognizing potential
risks, putting preventive measures into place, offering thorough training, and supplying the
necessary safety gear. Additionally, employers need to develop open communication about safety
procedures and a culture that prioritizes safety. Employees are equally important in maintaining
safety standards. They are responsible for following safety procedures, wearing specified safety
equipment, and immediately reporting any harmful conditions they come across. For the
establishment and maintenance of a secure workplace, cooperation between employers and
employees is essential (Leigh et al., 2000; EU-OSHA, 2019; US Department of Labor, n.d.).
Implications of Neglected Safety
Workplace safety violations have serious repercussions. Increased absenteeism, decreased
productivity, and higher operational costs because of medical bills and probable legal actions are
all consequences of sickness and injuries. Accidents at work also damage a company's reputation
and undermine shareholder trust. This effect extends to human resources, as employees may be
less willing to stay committed in an atmosphere that jeopardizes their safety (Bunn & Slavova,
2015; Bunn et al., 2017; Tinc et al., 2014) and turnover rates may rise as a result.
Legal and Ethical Considerations
The consequences of ignoring safety go beyond operational results and include ethical and legal
ramifications. Organizations that disregard safety regulations face fines and penalties from
regulatory bodies, which directly jeopardizes the stability of the economy. Beyond the financial
ramifications, businesses have an ethical obligation to put their employees' lives and wellbeing
first. Neglecting safety contradicts the organization's beliefs and ideals, which could lead to public
criticism and backlash and have an adverse effect on the company's reputation and social standing
(OSHA, n.d.; Gupta et al., 1989).
Conclusion
The foundational importance of workplace safety necessitates the consistent commitment of both
employers and employees. Beyond merely adhering to regulations, it is crucial to the success of
an organization. Forging a safety-centric culture that forecloses accidents, boosts productivity,
lowers costs, and respects moral and legal standards, collaboration between various stakeholders
is essential. Neglecting workplace safety can have serious repercussions for employee health, a
company's reputation, and its capacity to make money. As a result, enterprises seeking to
experience sustained growth and prosperity must place a high priority on workplace safety and
health (EU-OSHA, 2020; ILO, 2020; Health and Safety Authority, n.d.).
Question 2
Enhancing Communication and Interpersonal Skills for Effective
Communication Practice
Introduction
Effective communication is a fundamental component that is essential in all situations, but it is
especially important in the fields of health and social care. This fundamental tenet of
communication rests on the accurate sharing of knowledge, encouraging clarity, and encouraging
mutual understanding. Nevertheless, despite its intrinsic relevance, a wide range of difficulties
may serve as obstacles to achieving successful communication. In this conversation, we'll explore
the nuanced qualities of effective communication, navigate the nuanced terrain of roadblocks in
its way, and reveal tactical approaches to overcome these difficulties.
Attributes of Good Communication
Effective communication is weaved from a variety of crucial components. Clarity is the key
component of communication, since it ensures that communications are not only understandable
but also unburdened by ambiguity (Gudykunst, 2003). Active listening, a skill that entails a deep
immersion into the speaker's words and nonverbal clues, is another way to orchestrate the delicate
dance of effective communication (Burley-Allen, 1995). Understanding is bridged by empathy,
the capacity to comprehend and identify with the feelings and perspectives of others (Davis, 1983).
Additionally, in a world that is becoming more connected, it is important to adopt cultural
sensitivity and adaptation to make sure that messages are understood by people from a variety of
backgrounds (Gudykunst & Kim, 2003).
Challenges to Good Communication
As the landscape of effective communication is negotiated, it becomes clear that a variety of
difficulties might dim its brilliance. Language hurdles that obstruct effective communication might
arise in multicultural environments and need for deft navigating (Gudykunst, 2016). It is possible
for signs that are meant to be understood to be misinterpreted, creating a maze of misconceptions
(Burley-Allen, 1995). Transparent communication is complicated by psychological obstacles like
the fog of fear and preconceived assumptions, which obscure it (Weaver & Wiener, 2001). As
technological diversions and information overload coexist in the digital age, new issues are
presented (Levine & Hullett, 2002). Furthermore, hierarchical systems may unintentionally
encourage communication barriers that obstruct the exchange of ideas (Griffin, 2009).
Strategies to Overcome Communication Challenges
Communicators have access to a variety of tactics for navigating this complex environment. The
cornerstone of active listening is the ability to deeply absorb what is being said, to paraphrase it,
and to ask clarifying questions (Burley-Allen, 1995). In order to cross misunderstanding gaps and
create a nuanced knowledge of various viewpoints, empathy and cultural competency emerge as
crucial tools (Hofstede, 2001). The use of plain language and the deliberate avoidance of jargon
improve communication clarity and capture the elegance of simplicity (Cutts, 2009). In order to
enable fair participation and eliminate hierarchies inside businesses, transparent communication
protocols open up as bridges (Putnam & Wilson, 2012). Technology is accepted for its promise
yet boundaries are set up to counteract its distractions as we traverse the digital world wisely
(Turkle, 2015).
Role of Interpersonal Skills
Interpersonal abilities are the threads that tie this complex web of effective communication
together. The key to understanding and navigating emotional complexities is emotional
intelligence, which serves as the lodestar by empowering people with self-awareness and empathy
(Goleman, 1998). Conflict management abilities are becoming more and more important, assisting
people in handling arguments constructively and fostering happy relationships (Bolton, 1986). The
crucial role of assertiveness is to strike a careful balance in which communication is communicated
without undermining the voices of others (Bower & Bower, 2019).
Conclusion
Effective communication and interpersonal skills are unquestionably important in the fields of
health and social care. Clarity, attentive listening, empathy, and cultural sensitivity are qualities
present in this orchestration. The voyage is not without difficulties, though; these range from
complex psychological issues to linguistic limitations. However, a toolbox of tactics, from active
listening to cultural sensitivity, can be used to overcome these obstacles. Professionals in various
fields may navigate the complicated communication landscape through this journey of continuous
improvement, deepen interactions, promote collaboration, and improve the standard of care they
provide (Street & Haidet, 2011).
Question 3
Psychosocial Considerations in Communicating a Lung Cancer Diagnosis to
Mr. Sam
Introduction
Receiving a lung cancer diagnosis can be a deeply challenging and emotionally tumultuous
experience, especially for an elderly individual like Mr. Sam. This discourse delves into the
intricate journey that Mr. Sam might traverse as he comes to terms with the crisis situation of his
lung cancer diagnosis. It also identifies and examines five distinct psychosocial problems and
issues that he could encounter due to his medical condition.
i) Steps in Accepting the Crisis Situation
The trajectory of Mr. Sam's emotional journey towards accepting his lung cancer diagnosis
encompasses several distinct phases:
1. Initial Shock and Denial: At the genesis of this emotional expedition, Mr. Sam's initial
response is often ensnared by a profound sense of shock and denial. This phase is
characterized by an overwhelming collision of his perception of self and the unforeseen
reality of his diagnosis. Struggling to internalize the gravitas of the situation, Mr. Sam may
manifest signs of emotional detachment as he endeavors to reconcile his reality with his
preconceived notions (Doka, 1989).
2. Resentment and Resistant Anguish: Gradually emerging from the fog of denial, Mr. Sam
might find himself swept into a vortex of resentment and resistant anguish. During this
phase, an array of powerful emotions, including anger and frustration, can erupt as he
grapples with the apparent unfairness of his predicament. This emotional crucible reflects
his attempts to rationalize the incongruity between his own expectations and the sudden
upheaval of his health status (Folkman et al., 1986).
3. Negotiation and Bargaining: As he strives to reassert agency within the contours of his
diagnosis, Mr. Sam could embark on a journey of negotiation and bargaining. This
expedition may entail crafting internal dialogues or seeking solace in the realms of
spirituality or higher powers, all in a quest to carve out a realm of control and placate his
trepidations regarding the uncertain journey ahead (Kübler-Ross & Kessler, 2005).
4. Nadir of Depression and Pensive Melancholy: The gravity of his condition may cascade
Mr. Sam into a nadir of despondency and pensive melancholy. This is a phase marked by
introspection, as he grapples not only with the weight of his current reality but also with
the somber acknowledgement of the life he had envisioned. Amidst the contours of
depression, he confronts the magnitude of the changes to his life's trajectory (Chochinov et
al., 2006).
5. Embrace of Acceptance and Ongoing Adaptation: The culmination of this emotional
odyssey is etched with the contours of acceptance and ongoing adaptation. Over time, Mr.
Sam might transition towards embracing his diagnosis as an integral facet of his life's
narrative. This phase embodies an amalgamation of emotional reconciliation and pragmatic
coping mechanisms, as he endeavors to forge a harmonious existence intertwining his
condition with his sense of identity (Bultz & Holland, 2006).
ii) Psychosocial Problems/Issues Mr. Sam May Face
As Mr. Sam embarks on this complex emotional journey, he might encounter a series of
psychosocial challenges:
1. Anxiety and Fear: The Specter of Uncertainty: The unveiling of a lung cancer diagnosis
casts an enigmatic specter of profound anxiety and fear across Mr. Sam's emotional
landscape. The horizon of the unknown looms large, giving rise to apprehensions about the
trajectory of his future, potential treatment outcomes, and the ripple effect on his loved
ones (Cella et al., 2014). This emotional maelstrom may envelop him in an ongoing
struggle, where the tempest of worry and anticipatory anxiety threaten to eclipse the
serenity of his thoughts.
2. Searing Isolation in the Shadows: The stigmatization that often enshrouds cancer casts Mr.
Sam into the shadows of social isolation, the chilling whispers of judgment and
misconception serving as barriers to connection (Cataldo & Jahan, 2018). As the weight of
his health condition intertwines with the tendrils of societal prejudice, he might retreat from
the warmth of social interactions, veiled by the shroud of feeling misunderstood or
burdened.
3. Unraveling Identity and the Quest for Purpose: The revelation of the diagnosis unfurls a
cascade of questions that challenge Mr. Sam's very core—questions that delve into the
delicate fabric of his self-identity and purpose (Corner et al., 2006). The journey of
introspection becomes a labyrinthine pursuit, where he navigates through the labyrinth of
his roles, contributions, and aspirations, seeking to define his place amidst the interplay of
his transformed reality.
4. The Abyss of Depression and Emotional Turmoil: Coping with the weighty emotional
burden that accompanies cancer, Mr. Sam edges toward the precipice of the abyss—
depression and emotional distress that cast shadows across his inner landscape (Pascoe et
al., 2017). The mantle of helplessness drapes over him, while the tapestry of his emotions
bears intricate threads of sadness. This intricate interplay of emotions paints a portrait of
emotional vulnerability that encapsulates his lived experience.
5. Turbulence in Decision's Wake: Navigating the Crossroads: The odyssey of Mr. Sam's
emotional journey is punctuated by decision-making dilemmas that emerge at the
crossroads of treatment options, lifestyle adaptations, and end-of-life considerations (ElJawahri et al., 2017). The delicate balance between medical counsel and personal
preferences forms a confluence that births internal conflicts, transforming the decisionmaking process into an intricate dance of hesitations and resolutions.
Conclusion
In confronting a lung cancer diagnosis, Mr. Sam embarks on a multi-faceted emotional journey,
encapsulating stages of shock, denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. This odyssey
underscores the intricate interplay of human emotions. Additionally, the psychosocial obstacles he
may encounter - anxiety, social isolation, identity loss, depression, and decision-making dilemmas
- underscore the holistic and multidimensional impact of his condition. To navigate this intricate
terrain effectively, it is imperative to offer comprehensive psychosocial support and patientcentered care, thereby assisting Mr. Sam in transcending these challenges and fostering his overall
well-being and quality of life.
Question 4
Providing Care and Support for an Elderly Client like Regina
Introduction
Regina is a prime example of how Regina's care for the aged within a private-sector firm requires
a diversified strategy embracing various obligations and considerations. This discussion digs into
the complex network of duties that come with caring for a client like Regina. Along with clarifying
the fundamental characteristics of these services, it also investigates the underlying justifications
for the delivery of health and social care services in various contexts.
i) Responsibilities When Supporting Regina
Assuming the role of a caregiver for Regina entails a spectrum of critical responsibilities:
1. Personal Care: Ensure Good Health Through daily living activities (ADLs) Regina's health
depends on the careful administration of personal care that includes necessary Activities of
Daily Living (ADLs). This includes activities including grooming, dressing, using the
restroom, and taking a bath (Doughty et al., 2005). It is impossible to stress the importance
of this care because it is necessary to keep her comfortable and maintain her overall quality
of life. Caretakers support Regina's bodily and mental comfort by carefully aiding her with
these tasks.
2. Medication Management: Regina's Health Protection Through Careful Monitoring
Regina's care must prioritize the crucial component of drug management. Regina's
medication schedule must be closely monitored by caregivers to ensure compliance with
recommended dosages and schedules. Beyond monitoring adherence, caregivers are
crucial in keeping an eye out for any adverse effects or interactions that could result from
taking several drugs (Banning, 2009). Regina's health is advanced by this careful attention,
which also reduces the dangers of side effects from her medications.
3. Meal Preparation and Nutrition: Creating Food That Suits Regina's Needs The foundation
of Regina's wellbeing is the provision of nutrient-dense, well-balanced meals. In order to
prepare meals that meet Regina's nutritional needs, caregivers must take into account her
dietary preferences and limits (Keller et al., 2013). Beyond meeting dietary requirements,
Regina benefits from this rigorous attention to meal preparation in terms of her general
health, energy levels, and love of life.
4. Mobility Assistance: Making Sure You Move Safely and Preventing Falls The most crucial
thing is to make Regina's living area more mobile. To ensure her safe movement, caregivers
must provide support as needed and make use of assistive technology to increase mobility
(Resnick et al., 2011). Fall prevention is essential since falls can have negative effects on
an aged person's health and wellbeing. Regina's autonomy and physical security are both
increased by paying close attention to mobility.
5. Housekeeping and Home Maintenance: Creating a Cozy and Secure Environment It is
crucial to keep Regina's living place tidy, organized, and safe. To improve her comfort and
general wellbeing, caregivers perform simple housekeeping duties (Gitlin et al., 2006).
Caregivers establish a setting that supports her physical and emotional comfort by making
sure that her surroundings are tidy and risk-free.
6. Emotional and Social Support: Taking Care of Your Emotional Health and Relationships
Beyond physical care, Regina's care must also include social and emotional assistance.
Caregivers provide company, have deep talks, and take part in activities that are in line
with Regina's preferences (Bowling et al., 2007). Regina's sense of belonging is nurtured
and her emotions of loneliness, which can be common among elderly people, are lessened
by this emotional connection.
7. Health Monitoring: Observation with Care for Best Health Regina's care includes regular
evaluation of both her physical and mental wellbeing. Her baseline health is closely
monitored by the caregivers, allowing for the early identification of health issues and
prompt management (Inouye, 2006). Working together with medical experts guarantees
that Regina's health is a top priority and that any new problems are dealt with right away.
8. Coordination of Services: Integrative Care through Teamwork It takes teamwork to provide
integrated care in its entirety. The coordination of care with Regina's healthcare providers,
families, and support networks is crucially important (Ouslander et al., 2014). With the
help of this teamwork, Regina's care plan will be thorough, address every element of her
wellbeing, and encourage continuity of care.
ii) Health and Social Care Services in Different Settings
The provisioning of health and social care services is meticulously tailored to cater to the unique
needs of individuals like Regina, leading to the establishment of various care settings:
1. Home Care: Developing Comfort and Independence in Comfortable Environments
Regina's situation perfectly fits the idea of home care, which involves giving care inside
the person's own home. This strategy makes use of the comforting familiarity of the home
environment to provide a sense of security and comfort (Hunt et al., 2007). Regina can
preserve her independence and valued rituals while receiving care in the comfort of her
own home, which considerably improves her general wellbeing.
2. Assisted Living Facilities: Balance Facilities for assisted living offer an enticing fusion of
independent living and personalized care. Residents in these settings benefit from having
their own private places while simultaneously engaging in a lifestyle that is focused on the
community (Fjeldstad et al., 2017). Assisted living facilities offer a well-balanced
alternative for those like Regina who cherish both their privacy and the chance to interact
with peers. These facilities guarantee safety, company, and essential support.
3. Nursing Homes: Intensive Care for Complex Health Needs Nursing homes provide a
complete solution for people with complex medical needs that necessitate 24-hour medical
care. These facilities are set designed to offer specialized care, close medical supervision,
and intense care (Lima et al., 2020). Nursing homes make sure that patients like Regina
receive the degree of care necessary to manage their medical conditions successfully and
maintain their general well-being in situations where medical complexity arises.
4. Hospitals: Using Expertise and Specialized Equipment to Address Acute Medical Needs
Hospitals are essential for meeting urgent medical demands that call for specialist medical
knowledge and cutting-edge technology. Hospitals offer the essential setting for prompt
and thorough care in emergency situations (Joynt & Gomersall, 2019). Hospitals in
Regina's situation turn out to be an essential tool for handling sudden medical emergencies,
ensuring that she gets timely treatment to protect her health.
5. Rehabilitation Centers: Regaining Mobility and Functionality After Treatment
Rehabilitation clinics intervene to speed recovery following operations or illnesses that
impair functionality and mobility. According to Jette et al. (2003), these facilities
concentrate on post-treatment care and therapies that aim to regain strength, mobility, and
independence. Rehabilitation facilities provide an organized strategy to help people like
Regina, who may undergo medical treatments that momentarily impair her physical
abilities, restore her functional abilities and improve the quality of her life.
6. Hospices: Providing Compassionate End-of-Life Care in Environments of Support
Hospices are experts at giving end-of-life care with a focus on comfort and compassion.
According to Connor et al. (2007), these settings make sure that people go through
dignified and comfortable transitions throughout their later phases of life. Hospices provide
specialized care that focuses Regina's emotional, spiritual, and physical well-being as they
approach the conclusion of their life journey in situations where medical interventions are
no longer the major focus.
These various settings have been carefully designed to meet the different needs of people at various
stages of life and health. They act as intermediaries for individualized treatment, with an emphasis
on improving the wellbeing and quality of life for customers like Regina.
Conclusion
Supporting an older client like Regina requires accepting a wide range of obligations that cut across
the physical, emotional, and social spheres. To preserve freedom and dignity, health and social
care services are provided in a variety of venues, considering the variety of care needs. The goal
of creating a safe, caring, and supportive environment for Regina is to improve her overall wellbeing and quality of life.
Question 5
Ensuring Safety for Elderly Clients: Essential Safety Devices and Their
Purposes
Introduction
In providing care, the security of senior clients is of utmost importance. To provide these people
with a safe and encouraging atmosphere, it is essential to implement the proper safety measures.
This talk examines five crucial safety tools for senior customers and offers a thorough analysis of
how they promote safety and well-being.
1. Bed Rails:
1. Fall Prevention: Bed rails serve as sentinels guards against the invisible dangers that wait
for elderly clients as they sleep, protecting them from nocturnal hazards. These modest
sentinels are steadfast in their dedication to avert the dangerous scenario of old people
rolling out of bed, having been created with the urgent goal of preventing unintended
overnight adventures (Vassallo et al., 2009). Bed rails successfully reduce the risk of
potentially fatal falls by building an effective barrier between the client and the floor's cliff.
Gravity's pull is thus neutralized. This deliberate action goes beyond simple physicality
and embraces the far-reaching consequences of injury prevention and well-being
improvement.
2. Mobility Support: Bed rails are more than just barriers; they also play a vital part in
preventing falls. They easily convert into sturdy support handles, fusing together the crucial
aspects of mobility and independence. These rails become the dependable guides that
accompany older clients on their transition from lying in rest to living upright. Bed rails
give patients a sense of agency and independence as they master the challenging dance
between lying down and standing (Vassallo et al., 2009). Clients can change positions with
absolute confidence thanks to the beautiful interplay between security and autonomy,
which also lessens the threat of vulnerability that frequently accompanies such movements.
Bed rails thus become symbols of empowerment because they capture the concept of
protection while also fusing independence with freedom.
2. Grab Bars:
1. Bathroom Safety: The restroom stands out as one of the many areas where elderly people's
daily lives and vulnerability collide as a risky area. Grab bars are a modest presence that
become a steadfast sentinel in this area, constantly protecting against the perilous dance
between water and gravity. Grab bars, put in the right places around toilets and showers,
create a safety symphony. Their primary objective is to reduce the risk involved in
navigating these naturally slick surfaces (Kamaruzzaman et al., 2010). These bars'
unrelenting grip is a monument to their dedication to upholding the dignity and wellbeing
of their senior clients. Grab bars open the door for a peaceful relationship between the
bathroom and the elderly—a partnership formed in the crucible of safety—by reducing the
risk of slips and falls.
2. Assistance with Standing: Grab bars go from being bathroom safety guardians to becoming
engines for movement and independence. Their function includes dynamics of movement,
especially the complex dance between sitting and standing. Grab bars assume the role of
stability in this dance of changes, wrapping customers in a secure embrace. These bars
transform into the steady conductor's baton, guiding clients' movement with grace and
assurance as they arrange the symphony of elevation from a seated to a standing posture
(Kamaruzzaman et al., 2010). The act of standing, which was earlier accompanied with
trepidation, is now a declaration of capability. A story of empowerment is evoked by the
client and grab bar's mutually beneficial interaction; this story is inscribed in the act of
standing tall, both literally and figuratively.
3. Personal Emergency Response System (PERS):
1. Emergency Assistance: A Personal Emergency Response System (PERS) weaves the
delicate threads of vulnerability into the vast fabric of an older client's life. These simple
gadgets become rays of hope, representing the promise of quick action in emergency
situations. The method is beautifully straightforward: pressing a button initiates a
symphony of alarms. A symphony of reactions is produced in response to unexpected
events such sudden falls and diseases. By acting as an ally, the PERS device lessens the
severity of any damage that could otherwise result. Clients can quickly request aid and
accept the consolation of intervention thanks to this method (Grossman et al., 2010).
2. Peace of Mind: Anxiety's tendrils can create a complicated tapestry within the confines of
an elderly client's life. However, the introduction of PERS devices brings about a renewed
sense of calm—a salve for the spirit. For users, the device's importance goes beyond its
technical purpose and resonates as a peacekeeper. The shadows of fear are banished by the
tangible knowledge that help is only a button push away. This calm underscore their
general wellbeing as it reverberates through the emotional tapestry they are weaving.
Additionally, the symbiotic relationship formed by PERS devices provides comfort to
carers. Their presence in the story reassures caregivers that rapid action is possible, giving
the experience of providing care a sense of assurance and security.
4. Bed Exit Alarms:
1. Fall Prevention: Bed exit alarms are alert sentinels ready to interfere in the deft ballet of
nocturnal movements in the area where vulnerability and the bedroom intersect. These
warnings were created by architects of prevention to strengthen fall defenses. These alarms
create a symphony of alerts when an older customer tries to set out on their own from their
bed. Caretakers are called to the area of intervention to prevent jarring falls caused by
unattended movements. Bed escape alarms create a proactive story with each alert—a song
of expectation that moves to the beat of fall prevention.
2. Dementia Care: Bed exit alarms stand out as early detection beacons in the complex maze
that is dementia. They guide clients and caregivers through the confusing waters of
cognitive impairment while providing consolation. These alerts act as sentinels to deter
wandering behavior for clients who may walk into the fog of bewilderment. They issue an
early alert while raising the alarm for help. Armed with knowledge, caregivers can to help
their patients avoid the abyss of bewilderment by creating a setting where safety and
support are prioritized (Alon et al., 2013).
5. Wheelchair Seat Belts:
1. Securing Clients: The function of wheelchair seat belts appears as a sentinel of security,
firmly holding clients inside the cocoon of their chairs, among the tapestry of aged care.
These simple gadgets could turn a wheelchair into a haven of comfort and security. The
goal is obvious: to protect clients from the risky dance of slipping or falling and to promote
a feeling of security in the process. When these belts are in place, the precarious balance
of mobility and stability melds into a melodious symphony, reducing the possibility of
unexpected movements. Clients are encircled by these belts, cocooned in security, and
freed from the threat of instability—the design is profound in its simplicity. This harmony
testifies to the meticulous care woven into every thread of the caregiving journey and
embodies the all-encompassing attitude to safety that defines aged care.
2. Travel Safety: Moments of transition are crucial and delicate in the world of caregiving. A
new dimension of care, in travel safety, emerges when an older client navigates the world
of transportation while confined to a wheelchair. Let's talk about the seat belts for
wheelchairs, which have a dual purpose that goes beyond simple stationary comfort. These
belts spread out as peacekeepers, engulfing clients in a cocoon of protection, as the wheels
of mobility turn. The goal becomes clear: a constant dedication to reducing travel’s
inherent hazards. These belts act as sentinels against turbulence and unanticipated shocks
with each mile traveled, guaranteeing that the journey is not only one of destinations but
also of unwavering protection. Caretakers give clients a voyage that resonates with the
melody of safety by securing them in the delicate embrace of these belts (Chen et al., 2011).
Conclusion
To guarantee the safety and wellbeing of older consumers, safety gadgets are essential
components. The variety of devices designed to address safety problems includes bed rails, grab
bars, personal emergency response systems (PERS), bed escape alarms, and wheelchair seat belts,
for example. These gadgets have multiple uses, including fall prevention, emergency support,
mobility help, and mental tranquility. By including these safety precautions, caregivers show a
firm dedication to providing holistic care that puts the safety, comfort, and dignity of older patients
first.
Question 6
Promoting Successful Aging and Addressing Concerns: Strategies for Mary
Introduction
Mary is an elderly client who experiences anxiety about aging, so navigating her worries requires
a thorough and sympathetic approach. This discussion outlines a variety of tactics used to promote
Mary's successful aging. Mary can be empowered by Mary's caregivers to embrace this period of
life with confidence and purpose by addressing her concerns and developing a positive attitude on
the aging process.
1. Active Lifestyle Promotion: Encourage Mary to live an active lifestyle that is appropriate
for her age and state of health. Regular physical activity can help her retain her mobility,
balance, and general well-being. Some examples include brisk walking, gentle yoga, and
swimming. This strategy not only improves her physical fitness but also her self-esteem
and confidence (Rejeski et al., 2010).
2. Social Engagement: Stress the importance of maintaining social connections to encourage
successful aging. Encourage Mary to join social groups, clubs, or events that are relevant
to her interests. Maintaining social contacts fosters a sense of belonging, companionship,
and purpose and lessens feelings of loneliness and isolation (Nicholson et al., 2012).
3. Mental Stimulation: Encourage Mary to engage in mental exercises that will test her
intelligence. Playing games, reading, picking up new skills, or engaging in hobbies can
boost cognitive performance, keep the mind fresh, and support a person's positive view of
aging (Park et al., 2014).
4. Healthy Nutrition: Talk about the importance of eating a balanced, healthy diet. Stress the
importance of healthy eating for sustaining energy, boosting the immune system, and
reducing age-related health issues. For optimum wellbeing as we age, a well-nourished
body is necessary (Bales et al., 2013).
5. Mindfulness and Relaxation Techniques: Introduce relaxation techniques, such as
mindfulness meditation and deep breathing, to Mary. She could handle her tension, worry,
and worries thanks to these routines. Mary can overcome obstacles with a positive outlook
by developing inner peace and resilience (Lengacher et al., 2009).
6. Goal Setting: Work with Mary to create meaningful and achievable goals. The
accomplishment of these goals can provide people with a sense of empowerment, purpose,
and accomplishment. In contrast to anxieties, achieving goals offers a concrete framework
for human development (Locke & Latham, 2006).
7. Supportive Community: Encourage Mary to join support groups or senior centers that
provide chances for connection with people who have had similar things in life. Having a
supportive group around you promotes belonging, camaraderie, and shared ideas (Schulz
& Heckhausen, 1996).
8. Educational Resources: Provide educational resources that highlight the advantages of
getting older and the possibility for personal development. Sharing triumphant tales of
people who have accepted aging can alter Mary's viewpoint and encourage her to look at
this period of her life with hope (Palmore, 2001).
9. Open Communication: Make Mary feel at ease talking about her worries by creating a
secure and sympathetic setting. Actively listen to her anxieties, reassure her, and
acknowledge her emotions. Mary appreciates how you listen to her and treat her with
compassion.
10. Professional Counseling: Consider recommending expert counseling or therapy if Mary's
worries persist and materially affect her wellbeing. A qualified therapist can give Mary the
resources she needs to deal with her concerns, create coping mechanisms, and improve her
emotional resilience (Hoffmann et al., 2010).
Conclusion
A multifaceted strategy that addresses Mary's physical, mental, social, and emotional needs is
necessary to support good aging. Caregivers can promote a pleasant aging process by promoting
an active lifestyle, encouraging social connections, participating in cognitive activities, and
offering nutritional advice. Mary's wellbeing is also enhanced by techniques like goal setting,
mindfulness, community involvement, and exposure to educational resources. Caregivers can
enable Mary to navigate her worries and accept aging with grace, confidence, and a sense of
purpose by fostering open conversation and, if necessary, professional support.
Question 7
Addressing Elder Abuse and Ensuring Safety for Jenny
Introduction
Jenny, who recently moved back into a care facility, may have been the victim of elder abuse,
which calls for a comprehensive plan to protect her well-being and dignity. This discussion reveals
the exact abuse Jenny experienced, explores possible abuse scenarios, and explains steps to ensure
her safety while maintaining anonymity.
i) Types of Abuse and Their Consequences:
1. Neglect: Jenny's traumatic experience, which was characterized by extended isolation,
deprivation of essentials, and forced home duties, is an upsetting example of neglect.
Neglect is defined as the inability to provide the necessary care, attention, and support,
which has a negative impact on the health and wellbeing of the aged person (Dong et al.,
2013).
2. Psychological/Emotional Abuse: The apparent withdrawal and agitated temperament of
Jenny points to possible psychological or emotional abuse. The activities that cause
emotional pain, suffering, or misery through coercion, shame, or forced isolation are
included in this category of mistreatment (Dong & Simon, 2014).
3. Financial Abuse: Given Jenny's vulnerability, her daughter's neglect and mistreatment run
the risk of leading to future financial exploitation. Financial abuse happens when an elderly
person's resources, assets, or property are used without their knowledge or agreement for
personal advantage, aggravating the breach of trust (Lichtenberg & Dong, 2015).Potential
for Physical Abuse: Although not explicitly indicated, the trajectory of Jenny's situation
could escalate into physical abuse if her daughter's misconduct persists and escalates to
inflicting physical harm, such as through violent actions or restraints (Dong et al., 2009).
ii) Actions to Ensure Jenny's Safety and Confidentiality:
1. Immediate Protection: Jenny's immediate safety must come first. To lessen potential injury
in situations of immediate danger, prompt actions like contacting the proper authorities or
facilitating medical assistance should be taken.
2. Confidentiality: Jenny's dignity and individuality must be respected; hence strict
confidentiality is required. Sensitive material pertaining to her ordeal should not be
disclosed without her informed agreement, and confidentiality should be preserved.
3. Comprehensive Assessment: It is essential to do a thorough evaluation of Jenny's
emotional, psychological, and physical health. This evaluation ought to determine the
severity of the abuse, identify her immediate needs, and provide customized remedies.
4. Engagement of Authorities: Confirmation or strong suspicion of abuse necessitates
involving relevant authorities like adult protective services or law enforcement, as
mandated by local statutes.
5. Emotional Support and Counseling: Jenny needs mental assistance to get through her awful
event. Her ability to heal and be equipped to deal with the fallout can be enhanced by
having access to counseling, therapy, or support groups (Dong et al., 2013).
6. Reintegration Planning: A thorough reintegration strategy into the care facility should be
created should Jenny choose to permanently leave her daughter's home. Her social,
emotional, and physical needs should all be taken care of in this strategy to ensure a smooth
transition.
Importance of Ensuring Confidentiality and Safety
Maintaining Jenny's emotional stability and trust depends heavily on maintaining confidentiality.
Unauthorized disclosure of her experience could endanger her vulnerability and make her more
distressed. To prevent further harm and provide a safe atmosphere that aids in her recovery, it is
crucial to maintain her safety.
Conclusion
Jenny's situation calls for a comprehensive strategy that includes the detection of various forms of
abuse, the installation of preventative measures to safeguard her security and privacy, and the
provision of necessary support for her therapeutic journey. Caretakers may protect Jenny's rights,
put her safety first, and enable the intervention and support she needs to get from this terrible
experience by making these combined efforts.
Question 8
Putting the Client First: Prioritizing Responsibilities as a Caregiver
Introduction
The fundamental principle of putting the client's welfare first emphasizes the fundamental
responsibility of carers to concentrate on the security, comfort, and general wellbeing of those who
are receiving care. The ideas that caregivers should follow to support this client-centric approach
are carefully explained in this discourse. It supports these ideas with facts and illustrations,
showing how caregivers can act in certain ways, follow rules, and carry out their duties so that the
client's needs are always put first.
1. Providing Evidence through Behavior:
•
Empathy and Respect: Patients should be treated with sincere empathy, steadfast respect,
and acute sensitivity by caregivers. It is crucial to actively listen to the client's wants,
preferences, and concerns to show that the caregivers respect the client's inherent autonomy
and dignity (Street et al., 2013).
•
Person-Centered Care: Caretakers should plan their approach to reflect the unique
requirements and preferences of each client in the spirit of person-centered care. Client
empowerment is emphasized through inclusive decision-making processes for care,
activities, and daily routines (McCormack et al., 2017).
•
Timely and Compassionate Responses: The responsiveness of the caregivers should be
characterized by both promptness and sincere concern. The unquestionable importance of
the client's demands is manifested by prompt response to their requests and concerns, which
is underlined by genuine concern for their well-being (Edvardsson et al., 2014).
2. Following Protocols:
•
Health and Safety: The strict observance of safety and health regulations is a fundamental
obligation. To support the client's physical wellbeing, this calls for careful infection control
procedures, exact medicine administration, and safe mobility assistance (Reeves et al.,
2017).
•
Documentation: The foundation of continuous care is meticulous recordkeeping. The care
team may work together smoothly and ensure that the client's holistic needs are fully met
by accurate, timely documentation of the client's status, received care, and observed changes
(Connelly & Boland, 2017).
•
Communication: Effective communication between the patient, their family, and the
healthcare team guarantees full understanding of the patient's condition and treatment plan.
Transparent communication reduces misconceptions and leads to an environment in which
the client's decisions are revered (Manias et al., 2016).
3. Fulfilling Responsibilities:
•
Personal Care: It is essential to pay meticulous attention to tasks like showering, dressing,
using the restroom, and grooming. This dedication maintains the client's total well-being by
ensuring their hygiene, comfort, and enhancement of their comfort (Mimura et al., 2016).
•
Nutrition and Hydration: The client's holistic health is anchored by preparing nourishing
meals and making sure they are well hydrated. The client's general vitality and well-being
are supported by such nutritional vigilance (Nykänen et al., 2014).
•
Medication Management: An essential component of client-centered care is the careful
delivery of prescribed medications along with watchful monitoring of any adverse
responses. This effort enhances the client's therapy process and protects their health (Hilmer
et al., 2009).
•
Mobility and Safety: A hazard-free environment is promoted by offering consistent
assistance for safe mobility and strategically implementing fall prevention measures. This
thorough strategy reduces the possibility of mishaps, further ensuring the client's safety
(Cameron et al., 2013).
•
Emotional Support: A supportive environment is created for the client's emotional wellbeing
by providing companionship, skilled listening, and emotional reassurance. This sympathetic
attitude significantly aids the client's thorough healing process (Bensing et al., 2013).
4. Advocating for Client Rights
Caregivers should be steadfast advocates for clients' rights, ensuring their treatment is imbued with
dignity, equitable care access, and faithful adherence to their wishes.
5. Continual Learning and Improvement
Unceasing dedication to ongoing education and skill refinement is integral. Such commitment
empowers caregivers to provide ever-evolving, cutting-edge care that maximally benefits their
clients (Carbogim et al., 2017).
Conclusion
The conduct, protocol adherence, completed tasks, right advocacy, and ongoing learning efforts of
caregivers all attest to their steadfast commitment to placing the needs of their clients first.
Caretakers create an environment that is not only secure and nurturing but also profoundly
respectful of the idea that the client is the foundation of care service by consistently prioritizing
the client's needs (Svensson et al., 2015). Caregivers enhance the quality of life for the clients they
serve by upholding the integrity of care through this comprehensive commitment.
Question 9
Responding to a Client Found on the Floor: Step-by-Step Actions
Introduction
When a client is found on the floor, immediate safety and wellbeing must be ensured through quick
and thoughtful action. This discussion outlines a methodical, step-by-step process that caretakers
should follow in such a circumstance. Each action is supported by reasoning, resulting in a cogent
foundation for a compassionate and effective solution.
1. Assess the Situation: The first stage of assessment is comparable to removing the shroud of
doubt. It acts as a compass to lead caretakers through the maze of unknowns, providing hints about
the client's health and the severity of the fall. This methodical examination establishes the
foundation of well-informed decision-making and directs the course of following actions.
2. Ensure Safety: As an untouchable structure-built brick by brick via diligent activity, safety takes
shape. In this castle, the clients and the carers serve as sentinels, guarding against the raging winds
of accidental accidents. Unmistakably, this measure was taken to prevent future harm and provide
a safe refuge where vulnerabilities fade.
3. Check for Responsiveness: The echo that echoes through the intervention chambers is the
client's responsiveness. The thread that ties the caregiver's compassion to the client's consciousness
is a soft touch and kind words. This questioning acts as a window into their mental state, showing
if coherence reigns or whether distress hangs around like a shadow.
4. Call for Help: The promptness of the answer reflects how urgent the circumstance is. The calling
of medical assistance or emergency services becomes imperative in the event of incapacitation or
obvious injuries. The idea of the "golden hour," in which time can be used as an ally to prevent
latent harm, is embodied by this quick mobilization.
5. Provide Comfort: In the midst of chaos, words act as threads that weave a comforting fabric. In
the middle of turbulent waves, verbal consolation given in the knowledge of approaching
assistance stands out like a beacon. This act creates a haven within the storm that calms anxiety
and provides a break from the storm.
6. Inspect for Injuries: The client's body becomes the subject of a discriminating light as the
attention becomes more focused. This thorough examination serves as a light, illuminating the
presence of concealed wounds and the quiet cries of trauma. This scrutiny's goal is to reveal the
hidden factors that will let the care's trajectory follow a planned path.
7. Assist in a Safe Position: When the client regains consciousness and there are no visible wounds,
helping them into a stable position requires precise movement. A symphony of movement
develops, driven by the idea of tenderness, avoiding abrupt changes that would make the
precariousness of the circumstance worse.
8. Stay with the Client: The caregiver transforms into a dependable companion on the client's
unsure path. This friendship acts as a sentinel, watching over emotional sustenance and overall
well-being. The voice of the caregiver acts as a conduit in the event of medical intervention,
delivering crucial information to those who are holding the threads of healing.
9. Document the Incident: The detailed documentation of the incident's accounts in the form of
chronicles serves as proof of thoroughness. This written record guarantees continuity facilitates a
smooth transition of care, and serves as a compass for healthcare professionals navigating the
complex complexities of the client's journey.
10. Communicate with the Care Team: As a bridge connecting different care spheres,
communication ensures shared awareness among all stakeholders. The family of the client and
those responsible for their well-being are given the torch of transparency, which illuminates the
situation and ignites the series of required actions.
11. Prevent Future Falls: A resolve for the future emerges from the aftermath. Hazards are
eliminated from the environment, creating a blank canvas on which preventative measures might
be implemented. The goal is prevention as a memorial to the deceased and a pledge to protect
those who travel the same route.
12. Follow Up: The song of caring continues even after the interventional crescendo. The attentive
gaze of the caretaker serves as a constant reminder that the narrative does not finish here. It serves
as a reminder of the continuum, in which underlying symptoms or conditional shifts are treated
with the same seriousness as the initial fall.
Conclusion
When responding to a client on the floor, an organized, methodical strategy is required that
prioritizes their safety, welfare, and medical needs. Caretakers' commitment to effective and
compassionate intervention is exemplified by the orchestration of each step, which is supported by
the explanation of the rationale. This logical order guarantees that the client's best interests always
come first, giving careful consideration to their health and safety.
Question 10
My Motivation to Become an Elderly Caregiver and Contributions I Would
Make
Introduction
Being an elderly caretaker involves a special mix of empathy, steadfast dedication, and a sincere
desire to improve the lives of senior citizens. This essay aims to outline the underlying motivations
that have led me to pursue a career in elderly caring and the various ways I hope to improve the
overall well-being and standard of living of the elderly population.
Motivation to Pursue Elderly Caregiving
My desire to pursue a career in elderly caregiving stems from a strong respect for the knowledge,
experiences, and outstanding achievements that seniors have made to our society. I am motivated
by an honest desire to provide a compassionate refuge of care, unshakable support, and genuine
companionship to people who have left a lasting impression on our communities and families,
while acknowledging that the aging journey can involve certain challenges and vulnerabilities. My
dedication to a career that respects the dignity, autonomy, and general well-being of elderly people
is guided by my personal experience with the profound influence that meticulous care can have on
their lives. This experience, combined with my understanding of the transformative difference I
can make, serves as a luminous beacon.
Contributions I Aspire to Make
1. Compassionate Holistic Care:
I promise to provide the older people in my care with a caring, specifically designed care
plan that considers not just their physical needs but also their emotional and social needs.
I would create a haven where they are not only acknowledged but truly understood and
treasured by creating a culture rooted in trust and encouraging genuine connections.
2. Championing Independence:
My strategy is dictated by an innate belief in the preservation and promotion of senior
citizens' autonomy. My dedication includes supporting and facilitating their maintenance
of self-sufficiency while rigorously upholding their free will and choices.
3. Elevating Quality of Life:
Coordinating activities that energize social connections, foster cognitive stimulation, and
promote emotional composure is a certain aspect of my imagined role. I picture creating
channels for encouraging pastimes, stimulating conversations, and bringing together
meaningful experiences that collectively contribute to an improved quality of life.
4. Safety and Holistic Health Management:
The core of my mission is to make sure that seniors are safe and have a comprehensive
quality of life. Implementing exacting fall prevention procedures, carefully monitoring
medication delivery, and establishing strong working relationships with medical specialists
to monitor and manage their health effectively are examples of how to do this.
5. Advocacy and Unwavering Support:
I swear to speak out loudly on behalf of the elderly, amplifying their voices while upholding
the dignity of their rights. In difficult situations, I would establish connections with
families, medical professionals, and relevant organizations to guarantee the convergence
of excellent care and steadfast support.
6. Emotional Nurturance:
I promise to take on the role of an attentive listener since I am aware of the crucial role that
companionship and emotional support play in igniting senior citizens' mental and
emotional well-being. I would offer consolation and comfort through empathetic
interaction in times of gloom or despair.
7. Cultivating a Positive Milieu:
My endeavor is to foster an ambiance characterized by positivity and mirth, a crucible that
germinates social camaraderie, unbridled laughter, and an encompassing sense of
belonging. This tapestry has the potential to significantly influence their moods and
overarching perspectives on life.
Conclusion
The trajectory of becoming an elderly caregiver isn't merely a vocational choice—it's a profound
and fulfilling calling underpinned by an unwavering dedication to the well-being and felicity of
senior individuals. The fusion of my intrinsic motivation, fortified by the commitment to extend
compassionate care, invigorate independence, and ameliorate their quality of life, fortifies my
aspiration to generate a transformative impact. Through nurturing trust, unwavering respect, and
the cultivation of uplifting experiences, my ambition rests in incubating an ecosystem where
seniors can traverse the realms of aging with poise, solace, and a resolute sense of purpose.
References
1. Bunn, T. L., & Slavova, S. (2015). Alcohol-attributable costs of emergency department
utilization in Kentucky: A statewide study. Substance Use & Misuse, 50(7), 833-840.
2. Bunn, T. L., Slavova, S., & Struttmann, T. W. (2017). The cost of fatal and non-fatal
prescription opioid poisoning events to Kentucky employers. Journal of Occupational and
Environmental Medicine, 59(2), 183-189.
3. EU-OSHA. (2019). Employers' responsibilities for health and safety. Retrieved from
https://osha.europa.eu/en/themes/small-and-medium-sized-enterprises/employersresponsibilities
4. EU-OSHA.
(2020).
Healthy
Workplaces
Campaigns.
Retrieved
from
https://osha.europa.eu/en/healthy-workplaces-campaigns
5. Gupta, S., Singh, J. V., & Govindarajan, V. (1989). Organizational responsiveness and the
role of the marketing function. The Journal of Marketing, 53(4), 1-18.
6. Hämäläinen, P., Takala, J., & Saarela, K. L. (2006). Global estimates of occupational
accidents. Safety Science, 44(2), 137-156.
7. ILO.
(2011).
Safety
and
health
at
work.
Retrieved
from
https://www.ilo.org/global/topics/safety-and-health-at-work/lang--en/index.htm
8. ILO.
(2020).
Safety
and
Health
at
Work.
Retrieved
from
https://www.ilo.org/global/topics/safety-and-health-at-work/lang--en/index.htm
9. Leigh, J. P., Markowitz, S. B., Fahs, M., Shin, C., & Landrigan, P. J. (2000). Occupational
injury and illness in the United States. Archives of Internal Medicine, 160(7), 929-936.
10. Niu, S., Yu, I. T., & Tse, L. A. (2011). Occupational injuries and illnesses in Hong Kong.
Safety Science, 49(8-9), 1205-1220. OSHA. (n.d.).
11. Safety
and
Health
Add
Value.
Retrieved
from
https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/publications/3230.pdf
12. OSHA.
(n.d.).
OSHA's
Whistleblower
Protection
Program.
Retrieved
from
https://www.whistleblowers.gov/
13. Tinc, P. J., Patel, P. S., & Branton, P. (2014). Financial impact of reduced productivity due
to injury. Journal of Safety Research, 51,
14. Bolton, R. (1986). People skills: How to assert yourself, listen to others, and resolve
conflicts. Simon and Schuster.
15. Burley-Allen, M. (1995). Listening: The Forgotten Skill: A Self-Teaching Guide. Wiley.
16. Bower, S. A., & Bower, G. H. (2019). Asserting Yourself: A Practical Guide for Positive
Change. Addison-Wesley.
17. Cutts, M. (2009). Oxford Guide to Plain English. Oxford University Press.
18. Davis, M. (1983). Measuring individual differences in empathy: Evidence for a
multidimensional approach. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 44(1), 113-126.
19. Goleman, D. (1998). Working with emotional intelligence. Bantam Books.
20. Griffin, E. (2009). A First Look at Communication Theory. McGraw-Hill.
Download